scholarly journals Microrheology to Understand the Viscosity Behavior of a Sophorolipid Biosurfactant

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Jochen Kleinen ◽  
Jan Langwald ◽  
Joachim Venzmer ◽  
Hacer Yalcinkaya
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Aggregation ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Carboxylate Group ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Viscosity Behavior ◽  
Aggregation Structure ◽  
Exchange Kinetics ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Acidic Sophorolipid

The microstructure of the aqueous solutions of purified acidic Sophorolipid (SL) has previously been studied using highly sophisticated methods such as SANS and Cryo-TEM. We were interested in whether (a) the main findings also apply to commercially available SL (which is a mixture of acidic and lactonic SL) and (b) more readily available methods such as DLS can be used to gain insight into the molecular aggregation of SL. Our work was motivated by the increasing interest in biosurfactants for applications in personal and household care. Moreover, the origin behind the more or less lack of rheological response to changes in pH is of practical relevance, as it is somewhat unusual for a carboxylate-group containing surfactant. By using DLS microrheology, we could elucidate the aggregation structure and dynamics of the surfactant on a microscopic scale. Surprisingly, the different degrees of protonation only impacted the microscopic properties such as exchange kinetics and the plateau values of the storage moduli.

Nucleosome dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Stockdale ◽  
Michael Bruno ◽  
Helder Ferreira ◽  
Elisa Garcia-Wilson ◽  
Nicola Wiechens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Nucleosome Dynamics ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chromatin Structure And Dynamics

In the 30 years since the discovery of the nucleosome, our picture of it has come into sharp focus. The recent high-resolution structures have provided a wealth of insight into the function of the nucleosome, but they are inherently static. Our current knowledge of how nucleosomes can be reconfigured dynamically is at a much earlier stage. Here, recent advances in the understanding of chromatin structure and dynamics are highlighted. The ways in which different modes of nucleosome reconfiguration are likely to influence each other are discussed, and some of the factors likely to regulate the dynamic properties of nucleosomes are considered.

scholarly journals Investigating the user experience of customer service chatbot interaction: a framework for qualitative analysis of chatbot dialogues

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asbjørn Følstad ◽  
Cameron Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Practical Relevance ◽  
Interaction Patterns ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe uptake of chatbots for customer service depends on the user experience. For such chatbots, user experience in particular concerns whether the user is provided relevant answers to their queries and the chatbot interaction brings them closer to resolving their problem. Dialogue data from interactions between users and chatbots represents a potentially valuable source of insight into user experience. However, there is a need for knowledge of how to make use of these data. Motivated by this, we present a framework for qualitative analysis of chatbot dialogues in the customer service domain. The framework has been developed across several studies involving two chatbots for customer service, in collaboration with the chatbot hosts. We present the framework and illustrate its application with insights from three case examples. Through the case findings, we show how the framework may provide insight into key drivers of user experience, including response relevance and dialogue helpfulness (Case 1), insight to drive chatbot improvement in practice (Case 2), and insight of theoretical and practical relevance for understanding chatbot user types and interaction patterns (Case 3). On the basis of the findings, we discuss the strengths and limitations of the framework, its theoretical and practical implications, and directions for future work.

Integrated Molecular and Microscopic Scale Insight into Morphology and Ion Dynamics in Ca2+-Mediated Natural Organic Matter Floccs

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (31) ◽  
pp. 17773-17783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey M. Bowers ◽  
Haley E. Argersinger ◽  
U. Venkataswara Reddy ◽  
Timothy A. Johnson ◽  
Bruce Arey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Ion Dynamics ◽  
Microscopic Scale ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Systematically Exploring Molecular Aggregation and Its Impact on Surface Tension and Viscosity in High Concentration Solutions

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Wang ◽  
Han Kong ◽  
Jie Zheng ◽  
Hui Peng ◽  
Chuangui Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Reactive Dyes ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Molecular Aggregation ◽  
Dye Molecules ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hydrophilic Group ◽  
Aggregation Structure ◽  
Dye Solutions

The aggregation structure of dye molecules has a great influence on the properties of dye solutions, especially in high concentration. Here, the dye molecular aggregation structures were investigated systemically in aqueous solutions with high concentration using three reactive dyes (O-13, R-24:1 and R-218). O-13 showed stronger aggregation than R-24:1 and R-218. This is because of the small non-conjugate side chain and its β-linked position on the naphthalene of O-13. Compared with R-218, R-24:1 showed relatively weaker aggregation due to the good solution of R-24:1. The change of different aggregate distributions in the solutions were also investigated by splitting the absorption curves. Moreover, it is found that the surface tension of solutions can be modified by the combined effect of both aggregation and the position of the hydrophilic group, which, however, also have an effect on viscosity. This exploration will provide guidance for the study of high concentration solutions.

scholarly journals Coupling chromatin structure and dynamics by live super-resolution imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (27) ◽  
pp. eaaz2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barth ◽  
K. Bystricky ◽  
H. A. Shaban
Keyword(s):  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Motion Reconstruction ◽  
Chromatin Dynamics ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Photoactivated Localization Microscopy ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chromatin Structure And Dynamics

Chromatin conformation regulates gene expression and thus, constant remodeling of chromatin structure is essential to guarantee proper cell function. To gain insight into the spatiotemporal organization of the genome, we use high-density photoactivated localization microscopy and deep learning to obtain temporally resolved super-resolution images of chromatin in living cells. In combination with high-resolution dense motion reconstruction, we find elongated ~45- to 90-nm-wide chromatin “blobs.” A computational chromatin model suggests that these blobs are dynamically associating chromatin fragments in close physical and genomic proximity and adopt topologically associated domain–like interactions in the time-average limit. Experimentally, we found that chromatin exhibits a spatiotemporal correlation over ~4 μm in space and tens of seconds in time, while chromatin dynamics are correlated over ~6 μm and last 40 s. Notably, chromatin structure and dynamics are closely related, which may constitute a mechanism to grant access to regions with high local chromatin concentration.

Narrative in Form: A topological study of meaning in transmedial narratives

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 260-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinos Giannoukakis
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The Other ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Art Forms ◽  
Multimedia Art ◽  
The One ◽  
Insight Into

This article is an attempt to demonstrate the relation between appreciation of morphology and structure in form on the one hand, with higher symbolic structures – crucial for meaning formation routines – on the other, and to evaluate their significance in transmedial narratives, primarily in the case of media-based artworks. The use of catastrophe theoretical models to classify forms, their structure and dynamics is proposed, and the question of how these models can give us insight into the meaning that is carried through transmedial narratives (referential or abstract) is examined. Finally, the value of these insights for the composition and practice-based analysis of multimedia art forms is demonstrated.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Insight into the Structure and Dynamics of Entangled and Hydrated λ-Phage DNA

2012 ◽  
Vol 116 (17) ◽  
pp. 4274-4284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandipan Chakraborty ◽  
Takashi Uematsu ◽  
Christer Svanberg ◽  
Per Jacobsson ◽  
Jan Swenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Mechanistic Insight ◽  
Phage Dna ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Insight into the Structure and Dynamics of Polymers by Neutron Scattering Combined with Atomistic Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3067
Author(s):  
Arantxa Arbe ◽  
Fernando Alvarez ◽  
Juan Colmenero
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Molecular Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Length Scales ◽  
Polymeric Systems ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Dynamical Features ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Insight Into

Combining neutron scattering and fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations allows unraveling structural and dynamical features of polymer melts at different length scales, mainly in the intermolecular and monomeric range. Here we present the methodology developed by us and the results of its application during the last years in a variety of polymers. This methodology is based on two pillars: (i) both techniques cover approximately the same length and time scales and (ii) the classical van Hove formalism allows easily calculating the magnitudes measured by neutron scattering from the simulated atomic trajectories. By direct comparison with experimental results, the simulated cell is validated. Thereafter, the information of the simulations can be exploited, calculating magnitudes that are experimentally inaccessible or extending the parameters range beyond the experimental capabilities. We show how detailed microscopic insight on structural features and dynamical processes of various kinds has been gained in polymeric systems with different degrees of complexity, and how intriguing questions as the collective behavior at intermediate length scales have been faced.

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