scholarly journals Ontology-Based Reasoning for Educational Assistance in Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases

Computers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 128
Author(s):  
Andrêsa Vargas Larentis ◽  
Eduardo Gonçalves de Azevedo Neto ◽  
Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa ◽  
Débora Nice Ferrari Barbosa ◽  
Valderi Reis Quietinho Leithardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Educational Practices ◽  
Correct Classification ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Scientific Contribution ◽  
Educational Assistance ◽  
Automatic Reasoning

Noncommunicable chronic diseases (NCDs) affect a large part of the population. With the emergence of COVID-19, its most severe cases impact people with NCDs, increasing the mortality rate. For this reason, it is necessary to develop personalized solutions to support healthcare considering the specific characteristics of individuals. This paper proposes an ontology to represent the knowledge of educational assistance in NCDs. The purpose of ontology is to support educational practices and systems oriented towards preventing and monitoring these diseases. The ontology is implemented under Protégé 5.5.0 in Ontology Web Language (OWL) format, and defined competency questions, SWRL rules, and SPARQL queries. The current version of ontology includes 138 classes, 31 relations, 6 semantic rules, and 575 axioms. The ontology serves as a NCDs knowledge base and supports automatic reasoning. Evaluations performed through a demo dataset demonstrated the effectiveness of the ontology. SWRL rules were used to define accurate axioms, improving the correct classification and inference of six instantiated individuals. As a scientific contribution, this study presents the first ontology for educational assistance in NCDs.

Machine Learning-Based Approach for Predictive Analytics in Healthcare

2022 ◽  
pp. 182-206
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Hegde ◽  
Monica R. Mundada
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Domain Knowledge ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Future Trend ◽  
Medical Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Health Organization

In this internet era, due to digitization in every application, a huge amount of data is produced digitally from the healthcare sectors. As per the World Health Organization (WHO), the mortality rate due to the various chronic diseases is increasing each day. Every year these diseases are taking lives of at least 50 million people globally, which includes even premature deaths. These days, machine learning (ML)-based predictive analytics are turning out as effective tools in the healthcare sectors. These techniques can extract meaningful insights from the medical data to analyze the future trend. By predicting the risk of diseases at the preliminary stage, the mortality rate can be reduced, and at the same time, the expensive healthcare cost can be eliminated. The chapter aims to briefly provide the domain knowledge on chronic diseases, the biological correlation between theses disease, and more importantly, to explain the application of ML algorithm-based predictive analytics in the healthcare sectors for the early prediction of chronic diseases.

Fournier's gangrene: Report on two cases

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-268
Author(s):  
F. Laganà ◽  
E. Cossaro ◽  
C. Ronconi ◽  
F. Sercia ◽  
M. Marchini
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygenation ◽  
Fournier’S Gangrene ◽  
Fournier's Gangrene ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
First Choice

– Fournier's gangrene is a rare pathology that generally occurs in weakened patients with chronic diseases, like diabetes, which imply tissue ischemia and even today a high mortality rate. Two cases are presented, one of which is interesting for its pathogenesis. The authors confirm that first choice treatment should be surgical associated with antiobiotics and hyperbaric oxygenation whenever possible.

scholarly journals A Normalized Mortality Rate Showed the Diverse Severity of COVID-19 and Its Association With Other Chronic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
P.R. Renjith ◽  
C. Priscilla ◽  
Selva Kumar Ganesan ◽  
N.G. Rajesh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World

Covid-19 has given a halt to all the activities in the world. Europe was most affected, followed by the United States of America. It has taken more than 350000 lives until now. In this study, we have assessed the severity of Covid-19 by analyzing the mortality rate of Covid-19 and other chronic diseases. The Covid-19 data and “death rate” data caused by other diseases were downloaded from the world health organization (WHO) website. A normalized method was used to see the mortality rate of Covid-19 in comparison to other diseases. The deaths caused by Covid-19 in April 2020 have overtaken the average number of deaths caused by Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases in Belgium, the United Kingdom (UK), Spain, France, and Ireland. Covid-19 was found to be strongly correlated with non-communicable respiratory diseases and Cancer with correlation coefficients 0.73 and 0.67 respectively. The severity of Covid-19 in the United States of America (USA) was moderate. The severity of Covid-19 in Asian countries was found to be low. Europe showed the highest diversity in the mortality rate of Covid-19. On average, except for a few European countries, Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and non-communicable respiratory diseases were still more lethal and caused more deaths than Covid-19.

scholarly journals Prevention of the Development of Chronic Diseases in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 836-841
Author(s):  
Elena Andreevna Stepanenko ◽  
Liana Aslanbekovna Isaeva ◽  
Alena Igorevna Sokolova ◽  
Irina Vladimirovna Vinogradova ◽  
Alexander Vladimirovich Labuznov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Preventive Work ◽  
Medicine Today

The article discusses the features of the prevention of chronic diseases in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is known that patients suffering from various chronic diseases have weakened immunity, and this forces doctors to attribute such patients to the risk group, whose participants are most susceptible to the severe course of coronavirus disease. In light of all the above, the main task of medical workers today is to prevent the development of chronic diseases as such, and therefore the prevention of chronic diseases in general is a priority for medicine today. An attempt to preserve the health of the nation and prevent the mortality rate from increasing is the main task of doctors, secondary and junior medical personnel. That is why preventive work among the population, especially the older age group, should be carried out actively and systematically today.

MENUDA: A Knowledge-Based Menu Design Expert System

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1315-1319
Author(s):  
Kuocheng A. Parng ◽  
Vernon S. Ellingstad
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Expert System ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Menu System ◽  
Menu Design

An experimental knowledge-based menu design assistant (MENUDA) was developed to aid the design of menu systems. A conceptual model was first developed to provide a structured construct to organize knowledge of menu system design from the available literature, and to serve as a paradigm for the development of the MENUDA system. The knowledge base and the user interface of the MENUDA system were developed under an interactive microcomputer environment supported by Texas Instruments' Personal Consultant Plus. The current version of the MENUDA system is described in the paper. In addition, the methodology used to derive rules in the MENUDA knowledge base and the appropriateness of employing a knowledge-based expert system approach to providing user interface design guidelines are discussed.

scholarly journals Multiple sclerosis patients and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubert Mado ◽  
Monika Adamczyk-Sowa
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Drugs ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is now a major issue for all fields of medicine. Due to the higher mortality rate among patients with chronic diseases, it has also caused concern in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), who in addition are often receiving immunosuppressive drugs. The aim of this article is to discuss what is currently known about the severity of COVID-19 in MS patients.

Abstract P318: Wide State-By-State Variation in Maternal Mortality and Chronic Diseases That Contribute to Pregnancy Complications

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Milder ◽  
Jamie Kenealy ◽  
Mary Ann Honors ◽  
Thomas Eckstein
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Maternal Mortality Rate ◽  
Live Births

Background: Among developed countries, the United States has the highest maternal mortality rate. Between 1987 and 2011, the US maternal mortality rate more than doubled from 7.2 to 17.8 deaths per 100,000 live births. More than 1,300 pregnancy-related deaths occurred in the United States in 2011-2012. Additionally, an increasing number of women have chronic health conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and chronic heart disease, that increase their risk of pregnancy complications, including maternal mortality. Reducing the prevalence of these diseases may be an important step toward reducing maternal mortality. To examine the current state of maternal mortality and chronic diseases in the United States, the geographical variation of these factors was examined. Methodology: State-level prevalence estimates were calculated for diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension awareness among women of reproductive age (18 to 44 years) using data from the 2013-2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. State-level maternal mortality rates were calculated using CDC’s 2010-2014 National Vital Statistics System. Maternal mortality was defined as the number of deaths from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes) during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, per 100,000 live births. Results: The maternal mortality rate is 6.8 times higher in Georgia (39.3 deaths per 100,000 live births) than in Massachusetts (5.8 deaths per 100,000 live births). Nationally, there are an estimated 19.9 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. The prevalence of chronic diseases that increase risk of pregnancy complications also vary by state. For example, diabetes (excluding gestational diabetes) ranges from a low of 1.9% of women aged 18 to 44 in Alaska, Minnesota, and Wisconsin to a high of 4.8% in Alabama. Nationally, an estimated 3.1% of women aged 18 to 44 have been told by a doctor that they have diabetes. Conclusion: The prevalence of chronic diseases in women of reproductive age vary based on state of residence, as does the maternal mortality rate. Raising awareness about the variation in these measures is an important step toward identifying what strategies are being utilized in states with a low prevalence of diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension, and determining how their public health efforts may help those states facing challenges in these areas.

scholarly journals Investigation of Epidemiological Characteristics of Patients over Age 65 with Covid-19 ın a City

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gokce ◽  
A Ozer ◽  
V Soyiler ◽  
ME Gundogdu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Abstract Background The population aged ≥65 is important because of the higher mortality rate and a riskier clinical course of COVID-19 in this patient group. This study aimed to examine the epidemiological characteristics, clinical conditions and factors affecting the clinical status of patients over 65 with COVID-19 in the Bingol province. Methods Study was conducted between March and December 2020 in the Bingol province using the data of 3,521 patients over age 65 who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 as per RT-PCR results. The study commenced after obtaining necessary institutional permissions and the ethics committee approval. In the study, independent variables were age, gender, presence of chronic diseases whereas dependent variables were mortality status, presence of pneumonia. Chi-square test and binominal logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. In all evaluations, p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results The median age of the patients participating in the study was 72(65-102) and the case fatality rate was 2%. The mortality rates were significantly higher in patients aged between 75-84 and those aged >85 as well as patients who had a chronic disease, diabetes and ischemic heart disease compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). According to the regression analysis, mortality rate was 2.6-fold higher in males than in females and 24.3-fold higher in patients with pneumonia than in those without pneumonia (p < 0.05). Conclusions Among the patients in the study group, mortality rate was found to be higher in males, those in the advanced age group and those with pneumonia and chronic diseases. Therefore, if possible, patients with these characteristics should be followed more closely in a hospital setting during the pandemic. Key messages Mortality rates are higher in patients with COVID-19 who have a chronic disease, diabetes or ischemic heart disease. Age, gender and presence of pneumonia are among the important factors in the course of COVID-19.

They Can’t Speak the Language: On Black and Latinx Disproportionate Coronavirus Death and Few Said, Doctors

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dr. Rupert Green ◽  
Dr. Robert Gordon ◽  
Dr. Nikita Matsunaga
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
School System ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Stem Disciplines ◽  
Technological World ◽  
American Blacks

The disastrous effects of COVID-19 provided a dire illumination of the disproportional mortality rate among American Blacks and Latinxs and the absence of same said groups as physicians, scientists, or advanced medical media spokespersons. These pathologies are both mutual and exclusive in that the reasons for each reside in a common absence of a successful pursuit of education, primarily those within the STEM disciplines. This research-based commentary is the outcome of an investigation to determine the Who, What, Where, When, and How of the consequences of the virus. It also attempts to address the aforementioned inequities to finally and permanently change the group's intractable failure by the established school system. The prospect of identifying, cultivating, and increasing the country’s knowledge base is paramount, and this work provides a framework to capitalize on this occasion. America’s future role in a technological world will depend largely on the caliber and number of STEM citizens.

scholarly journals A Normalized Mortality Rate Showed the Diverse Severity of COVID-19 and Its Association With Other Chronic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar ◽  
P.R. Renjith ◽  
C. Priscilla ◽  
Selva Kumar Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Health Organization

Covid-19 has given a halt to all the activities in the world. Europe was most affected, followed by the United States of America. It has taken more than 225,000 lives until now. In this study, we have assessed the severity of Covid-19 by analyzing the mortality rate of Covid-19 and other chronic diseases. The Covid-19 data and “death rate” data caused by other diseases were downloaded from the world health organization (WHO) website. A normalized method was used to see the mortality rate of Covid-19 in comparison to other diseases. The deaths caused by Covid-19 in April 2020 have overtaken the average number of deaths caused by Cancer, Cardiovascular diseases, and other diseases in Belgium, Spain, France, Italy, the UK, and Ireland. Covid-19 was found to be strongly correlated with non-communicable respiratory diseases and Cancer with correlation coefficients 0.73 and 0.70 respectively. The severity of Covid-19 in the USA was moderate. The severity of Covid-19 in Asian countries was found to be low. Europe showed the highest diversity in the mortality rate of Covid-19. On average, except for a few European countries, Cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and non-communicable respiratory diseases were still more lethal and caused more deaths than Covid-19.

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