scholarly journals The Microstructure of Yellow River Ice in the Freezing Period

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 484
Author(s):  
Yu Deng ◽  
Zongkun Li ◽  
Juan Wang ◽  
Lukai Xu
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
River Ice ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Ice Disaster ◽  
Ice Crystal Size

Accurately determining true ice microstructure and material parameters is a basis for ice disaster theoretical research on the Yellow River. In this work, natural Yellow River ice was collected, and ice crystals parallel and perpendicular to the ice surface were photographed using an orthogonal polarizing mirror. Morphologies of ice microstructure were extracted, and equivalent ice grain sizes were calculated. The results show that Yellow River ice mainly consists of granular ice and columnar ice and vary greatly in different time and space ranges. The ice crystal shape is irregular, and the ice crystal size is larger span, and mainly between 1 mm and 10 mm. Ice crystal initial defects come from bubbles, sediment particles, impurities, and microcracks; among them, bubbles are the most common and have a relatively large impact. In addition, a calculation model of the Yellow River ice microstructure was constructed according to the ice crystal test results. Based on the experimental data and numerical model, the obtained Yellow River ice parameters provide help for analyzing ice disaster mechanisms along the Yellow River.

scholarly journals Microstructural Characteristics of Frazil Particles and the Physical Properties of Frazil Ice in the Yellow River, China

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Yaodan Zhang ◽  
Zhijun Li ◽  
Yuanren Xiu ◽  
Chunjiang Li ◽  
Baosen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Frazil Ice ◽  
Sediment Content ◽  
Crystal Diameter

Frazil particles, ice crystals or slushy granules that form in turbulent water, change the freezing properties of ice to create “frazil ice”. To understand the microstructural characteristics of these particles and the physical properties of frazil ice in greater depth, an in situ sampler was designed to collect frazil particles in the Yellow River. The ice crystal microstructural characteristics of the frazil particles (morphology, size, air bubble, and sediment) were observed under a microscope, and their nucleation mechanism was analyzed according to its microstructure. The physical properties of frazil ice (ice crystal microstructure, air bubble, ice density, and sediment content) were also observed. The results showed that these microstructures of frazil particles can be divided into four types: granular, dendritic, needle-like, and serrated. The size of the measured frazil particles ranged from 0.1 to 25 mm. Compared with columnar ice, the crystal microstructure of frazil ice is irregular, with a mean crystal diameter less than 5 mm extending in all directions. The crystal grain size and ice density of frazil ice are smaller than columnar ice, but the bubble and sediment content are larger.

Application Research of Synthetic Decision Support for System Water Resources Dispatch and Allocation

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 6347-6350
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Zi Jian Zhu ◽  
Sheng Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Application Research ◽  
Topological Relationship ◽  
Key Techniques

Water resources reasonable disposition is a measure to solve water shortage problem, cannot still meet the requirement of practice for the knowledge of complex water resources system and the method of describing and other theoretical research. The Yellow River has faced the dry-up of the Yellow River. A Synthetic Decision Support System (SDSS) for water resources dispatch and allocation, based on a new route and method to water resources dispatch and allocation derision-making was developed in order to gain a better understanding of the water resources dispatch and allocation. The paper completes the design of the main structure and functions of the system, and introduces the key techniques of implementing the system, through the analysis of application subject and information integration manner of the system, topological relationship between the water conservancy project entities in various river basins is established using the thought of graphic-topology and tree-topology. Adopting the data warehouse technique, the integration method of facing the decision subject, separation method of the user interface and application program, the method of water resources dispatch and allocation service model based on topological relationship, is established. The model is integrated with the scenario experiences and knowledge about the water resources dispatch and allocation accumulated by the experts and developers. The system has been put into application successfully, and satisfied effects are obtained, therefore it is worthy to be improved and popularized and has the great directive significance and applied value in optimum operation regulation and uniform management of water resources.

scholarly journals River-ice Fabrics: Preliminary Results

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (58) ◽  
pp. 151-152
Author(s):  
N.P. Lasca
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Crystal Orientations ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Ice Fabrics

AbstractPreliminary data indicate that fabric is developed in river ice. Crystal orientations are usually sub-parallel to the ice surface, and develop partly in response to stress generated by stream flow.

Observations of riverbed scour under a developing hanging ice dam

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jueyi Sui ◽  
Faye E Hicks ◽  
Brian Menounos
Keyword(s):  
Yellow River ◽  
River Channel ◽  
River Ice ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Channel Geometry ◽  
Ice Accumulation ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Gauging Station

This paper illustrates the importance of river ice accumulations in changing river channel geometry based on field investigations carried out at the Hequ gauging station on the Yellow River in China. A relationship is established between riverbed deformation and ice accumulation.Key words: river ice, hanging dam, ice accumulation, river scour, Yellow River.

scholarly journals Optimization of Drainage Schemes for the Dike Strengthening by Warping Construction Project in the Qinhe River under Restricted Drainage Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 246 ◽  
pp. 02019
Author(s):  
Hao-Ming Yang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Cheng-Hui Dong
Keyword(s):  
Field Test ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flood Prevention ◽  
Prevention Project ◽  
Drainage Effect ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
Safety And Stability

Dike strengthening by warping construction is one of the main construction modes for the standardized dike construction of mainstream and tributaries in the lower reaches of the Yellow River, and whether the drainage in the dike strengthening by warping construction is smooth is closely related to the safety of dike project. Restricted by topographic conditions and construction conditions, existing drainage schemes are not applicable to the Qinhe River (the Yellow River’s largest tributary) Flood Prevention Project Wuzhi Section, which is next to farm cottage. Therefore, in this paper a field test was carried out using three drainage schemes---“L” type PVC seepage drainage pipes through dike, “L” type perforated PVC seepage drainage pipes coated with geotextile and geotextile drainage grilles. The drainage velocity, silt retaining effect, water level in the silt area, dike body deformation and other key indicators were obtained through field monitoring, and the safety and stability of the dike strengthening by warping construction project were verified by numerical calculation. The field test results showed that the drainage effect of the “L” type perforated PVC seepage drainage pipes coated with geotextile and geotextile drainage grilles was obviously better than that of the “L” type PVC seepage drainage pipes through dike, but the geotextile drainage grilles had advantages in silt retaining effect, construction convenience, cost, and improvement. The field test results can provide a reference for the quick drainage design and construction of dike back deposited with silt of the dike strengthening by warping construction project in the Yellow River.

scholarly journals Challenges in modeling ice floods on the Ningxia-Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River, China

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 12293-12329 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fu ◽  
I. Popescu ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
A. E. Mynett ◽  
F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
River Ice ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Cover Thickness

Abstract. During winter the Yellow River in China is frequently subjected to ice flood disasters. Possible dike-breaking due to ice floods poses a serious threat to the part of the region located along the river, in particular the Ning-Meng reach (including Ningxia Hui and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region). Due to its special geographical location and river flow direction, the ice dams and jams lead to dike-breaking and overtopping on the embankment, which has resulted in huge casualties and property losses throughout history. Therefore, there is a growing need to develop capability in forecasting and analysing river ice floods. Research into ice floods along the river is taking place at the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC). A numerical model is one of the essential parts of the current research going on at the YRCC, which can be used to supplement the inadequacies in the field and lab studies which are being carried out to help understand the physical processes of river ice on the Yellow River. Based on the available data about the Ning-Meng reach of the Yellow River, the YRCC River Ice Dynamic Model (YRIDM) has been tested for capabilities to conduct ice flood forecasting. The YRIDM can be applied to simulate water level, discharge, water temperature, and ice cover thickness under unsteady-state conditions. Different scenarios were designed to explore the model uncertainty for two bounds (5% and 95%) and probability distribution. The YRIDM is an unsteady-state flow model that can show the basic regular pattern of ice floods; hence it can be used as an important tool to support decision-making. The recommendation is that data and research should be continued in order to support the model and to measure improvements.

Wetting Effects of Rockfill on the Deformation of the Yellow River Xiaolangdi Dam

2007 ◽  
Vol 353-358 ◽  
pp. 2736-2739
Author(s):  
Li Hong Chen ◽  
Xiao Guang Zhou ◽  
Yin Qi Wei
Keyword(s):  
Constitutive Model ◽  
Strength Characteristic ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Rockfill Dam ◽  
Nonlinear Stress

The deformation and strength characteristic of rockfill is different when it is dry or wet. The wetting effects should be a major factor in the long-term settlement of a rockfill dam. The 160 m high Yellow River Xiaolangdi dam is a rockfill dam with inclined core clay. Moistening laboratory tests were carried out to investigate the deformation and strength characteristic of the rockfill in the Xiaolangdi dam. Based on the test results, two-dimensional consolidation numerical simulations on the dam employed nonlinear stress strain constitutive model were conducted to investigate the effects of wetting on the deformation performance of the dam.

scholarly journals Challenges in modelling river flow and ice regime on the Ningxia–Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1225-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Fu ◽  
I. Popescu ◽  
C. Wang ◽  
A. E. Mynett ◽  
F. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
River Ice ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Property Losses ◽  
Cover Thickness

Abstract. During winter the Yellow River in China is frequently subjected to ice flood disasters. Possible dike breaking due to ice floods poses a serious threat to the part of the region located along the river, in particular the Ning–Meng reach (including Ningxia Hui and the Inner Mongolia autonomous regions). Due to its special geographical location and river flow direction, the ice dams and jams lead to dike breaking and overtopping on the embankment, which has resulted in huge casualties and property losses throughout history. Therefore, there is a growing need to develop capability in forecasting and analysing river ice floods. Research into ice floods along the river is taking place at the Yellow River Conservancy Commission (YRCC). A numerical model is one of the essential parts of the current research going on at the YRCC, which can be used to supplement the inadequacies in the field and lab studies which are being carried out to help understand the physical processes of river ice on the Yellow River. Based on the available data about the Ning–Meng reach of the Yellow River, the YRCC river ice dynamic model (YRIDM) has been tested for capabilities to conduct ice flood forecasting. The YRIDM can be applied to simulate water level, discharge, water temperature, and ice cover thickness under unsteady-state conditions. Different scenarios were designed to explore the model uncertainty for two bounds (5 and 95%) and probability distribution. The YRIDM is an unsteady-state flow model that can show the basic regular pattern of ice floods; hence it can be used as an important tool to support decision making. The recommendation is that data and research should be continued in order to support the model and to measure improvements.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulation of Ice Fractures Process of the Yellow River Based on Disk Specimen

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Jiao Zhou ◽  
Yu Deng ◽  
Goncharov Vadim ◽  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Physical Experiment ◽  
River Ice ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Material Parameters ◽  
Disk Specimen ◽  
Numerical Calculation Method ◽  
Cracking Process

To study the influence of the changes in crystals on a micro scale as well as their effect on the macro mechanical properties of river ice and to mitigate the limitation of the objective conditions in a physical examination of river ice, it is necessary to analyze the fracture process of river ice using a micro numerical calculation method. Thus, a numerical model was established to simulate the cracking process of river ice based on disk specimen. Upon comparison with the physical experiment, the results of the numerical model show agreement with the fracture toughness and cracking process. Based on the numerical model, the obtained material parameters of Yellow River ice laid a foundation for the study of the cracking process of river ice on a macro-, meso-, and multiscale.

scholarly journals River-ice Fabrics: Preliminary Results

1971 ◽  
Vol 10 (58) ◽  
pp. 151-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.P. Lasca
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Stream Flow ◽  
River Ice ◽  
Ice Crystal ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ice Surface ◽  
Crystal Orientations ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Ice Fabrics

AbstractPreliminary data indicate that fabric is developed in river ice. Crystal orientations are usually sub-parallel to the ice surface, and develop partly in response to stress generated by stream flow.

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