Limnological Characteristics and Diatom Dominants in Lakes of Northeastern Poland

Determination of the relationships between environmental factors and diatom assemblages is usually made for several hundred lakes spread over a large area. However, the analysis of several lakes located near Lake Wigry also gives interesting results. Lakes in Wigry National Park (Poland) with broad similarity of geological origin show clear limnological, physical, and chemical differences. Here, we report on an investigation into how these dissimilarities influence diatom assemblages. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis showed that the studied lakes can be divided into three groups: (1) disharmonic, (2) harmonious with greater human impact on the environment, and (3) harmonious with a more limited human impact. The harmonious lakes could be divided into two groups that are mainly in line with the contents of the chloride and sulfates ions taken as indicative of human impacts on the environment. Overall, the three groups had different dominance structures, as reference to the Dominance Index (DI) made clear (mean values being: (1) −70.54%, (2) −72%, and (3) −54.58%, Generalized Linear Models with the categorical independent variable (group) showed significant differences between groups (for 1–3, 2–3) p value < 0.05). Lakes impacted by anthropopressure and disharmonic ones had the strongest dominance structure. More broadly, DI differences between the groups are consistent with the Species Pool Hypothesis (SPH), while studied differences can be said to result from natural geological dissimilarities, as well as disparate anthropogenic impacts.

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A qualitative approach to evaluating the impact of human interventions on the middle Charente River (West France)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10654 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Amélie Duquesne ◽

Christine Plumejeaud-Perreau ◽

Jean-Michel Carozza

Keyword(s):

Human Impact ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

River Management ◽

Anthropogenic Pressure ◽

Human Intervention ◽

Impact Index ◽

Human Interventions ◽

The Impact ◽

The City

<p><span>Although many studies have analyzed the impact of human interventions on European rivers over decades or centuries, researchers have rarely evaluated the geomorphological effects of these anthropogenic pressures on fluvial systems. However, quantifying anthropogenic impacts is fundamental to understanding how rivers are affected by human interventions and to improving the river management and restoration. The aim of this study is to propose a new and original qualitative method to estimate the importance of human impacts on rivers over the last three centuries using the middle Charente River as a test case. The study area is an anastomosing, low-energy and little mobile river of the lowlands of Western France. It extends from the city of Angoul&#234;me (Charente) to the city of Saintes (Charente-Maritime), with a length of approximately 100 km. The study segment has been subjected to high anthropogenic pressure since the High Middle Ages, and it was enhanced during the 19th century to facilitate navigation and terrestrial transportation, to ensure the exploitation of the water's driving force (water mills and paper mills), to maintain the local people (fishing dams and agro-pastoral uses) and to allow for flood protection. To understand and estimate the anthropogenic heritage of the Charente River, this study employed a two-stage method: 1) an inventory of the human interventions on the fluvial system through the consultation of geo-historical data (textual archives, historical maps and iconography) dating from the end of the 17th century to the 2010s and 2) an evaluation of the human impact of each human intervention, sub-category and category of intervention based on the calculation of the Cumulative Human Impact Index. The Cumulative Human Impact Index is composed of several qualitative attributes graded by an evaluator. The results allow one 1) to generate a database and typology of the human interventions affecting the middle Charente River over the long term; 2) to map the cumulative impacts of human interventions on the study area; and 3) to analyze the unitary and overall impact of each human intervention, sub-category and category of intervention on the river landscape's heritage. Finally, this study concludes with 1) a discussion of the advantages of using a qualitative methodology for the estimation of anthropogenic impacts and 2) a reflection on the use of the maps of cumulative human impacts for Charente River management and restoration.</span></p>

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A human impact metric for coastal ecosystems with application to seagrass beds in Atlantic Canada

10.1101/457382 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Grace E.P. Murphy ◽

Melisa Wong ◽

Heike K. Lotze

Keyword(s):

Human Impact ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Coastal Ecosystems ◽

Atlantic Canada ◽

Seagrass Beds ◽

General Application ◽

Coastal Bays ◽

Biogenic Habitat ◽

Seagrass Ecosystems

AbstractCoastal biogenic habitats are particularly vulnerable to cumulative human impacts from both terrestrial and marine realms. Yet the broad spatial scale used in current global or regional approaches of quantifying multiple anthropogenic stressors are not relevant to the local or bay-wide scales affecting most coastal biogenic habitats. To fill this gap, we developed a standardized human impact metric to quantify the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts to coastal ecosystems more broadly, and biogenic habitats in particular. We applied this metric to 180 seagrass beds (Zostera marina), an important biogenic habitat prioritized for marine protection, across Atlantic Canada. Our impact metric includes five bay-scale and four local-scale terrestrial and marine-based impacts. Results show that seagrass beds and coastal bays in Atlantic Canada exist across a wide gradient of human impacts. Considerable differences in the range and intensity of impacts within and between regions provide insight into where coastal bays and seagrass ecosystems are expected to be most and least affected by individual or cumulative human threats. We discuss implications for management and conservation planning, and the general application of our impact metric to other coastal regions and habitats in Canada and beyond.

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Abstract P255: Decrease in Serum Lipids among 5th Grade CARDIAC Participants, 2002-2012

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.127.suppl_12.ap255 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 127 (suppl_12) ◽

Author(s):

Yohannes Gebremariam ◽

Christa Ice ◽

William Neal

Keyword(s):

Linear Models ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Low Density Lipoprotein ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Hdl Cholesterol ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Non Linear ◽

Over Time

The presence of multiple cardiovascular risk factors such as elevations in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and the related non high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol in children is predictive of later cardiovascular disease. LDL and non-HDL have recent decreases in the US adult and youth population despite increases in obesity rates. The purpose of this study was to assess these trends among Appalachian 5 th grade children. Methods: 47,198 children, mostly between 10-11 years old, participated in a cross-sectional statewide CARDIAC (Coronary Artery Risk Detection In Appalachian Communities) screening between 2002-2012 and had a complete fasting lipid profile (FLP). Consistent with state demographics, 92.6% were Caucasian and 53.6% female. LDL (Mean = 92.9, sd = 25.5) and non-HDL (M=111, sd = 28.9) cholesterol levels were normally distributed. Covariates included race, gender, age, SBP and BMI (M = 21.36, sd = 5.2). Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and orthogonal contrast matrices were used to test the hypothesis of a linear (v. non-linear) trend over time for LDL and non-HDL values. Results: Models predicting LDL and non-HDL were significant and fit a linear trend (p-value < 0.0001) attributable to the explanatory variables (race was not significant and excluded from the final models). For LDL, year of screening was significant (p<0.0001) as was gender, age and BMI (all p < 0.0001). For non-HDL, year of screening was also significant (p<0.0001), as was gender (p=0.0194), age (p<0.0001), BMI (p<0.0001), and SBP (p=0.0013). There was a decreasing trend in LDL (dot) and non-HDL (broken line) over time (Figure 1). Although some non-linear trends were also significant (e.g., a quartic trend, p < 0.001), the linear trend provided the best fit for both models. Conclusion: The mean values for LDL and non-HDL of a cross-sectional sample of children in 5 th grade Appalachia has decreased over time even after adjusting for age, BMI, gender, race and SBP.

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A human impact metric for coastal ecosystems with application to seagrass beds in Atlantic Canada

FACETS ◽

10.1139/facets-2018-0044 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 210-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Grace E.P. Murphy ◽

Melisa C. Wong ◽

Heike K. Lotze

Keyword(s):

Human Impact ◽

Nutrient Loading ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Nitrogen Loading ◽

Atlantic Canada ◽

Seagrass Beds ◽

Coastal Habitats ◽

Coastal Bays

Coastal biogenic habitats are vulnerable to human impacts from both terrestrial and marine realms. Yet the broad spatial scale used in current approaches of quantifying anthropogenic stressors is not relevant to the finer scales affecting most coastal habitats. We developed a standardized human impact metric that includes five bay-scale and four local-scale (0–1 km) terrestrial and marine-based impacts to quantify the magnitude of anthropogenic impacts to coastal bays and nearshore biogenic habitats. We applied this metric to 180 seagrass beds ( Zostera marina), an important biogenic habitat prioritized for marine protection, in 52 bays across Atlantic Canada. The results show that seagrass beds and coastal bays exist across a wide human impact gradient and provide insight into which are the most and least affected by human threats. Generally, land alteration, nutrient loading, and shellfish aquaculture were higher in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, whereas invasive species and fishing activities were higher along the Atlantic coast. Sixty-four percent of bays were at risk of seagrass decline from nitrogen loading. We also found high within-bay variation in impact intensity, emphasizing the necessity of quantifying impacts at multiple spatial scales. We discuss implications for management and conservation planning, and application to other coastal habitats in Canada and beyond.

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Aerosol Characterization during the Summer 2017 Huge Fire Event on Mount Vesuvius (Italy) by Remote Sensing and In Situ Observations

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13102001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 2001

Author(s):

Antonella Boselli ◽

Alessia Sannino ◽

Mariagrazia D’Emilio ◽

Xuan Wang ◽

Salvatore Amoruso

Keyword(s):

Remote Sensing ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Ground Level ◽

Large Area ◽

Fire Event ◽

Near Surface ◽

Mean Values ◽

Microphysical Properties ◽

Observational Site ◽

Biomass Burning Aerosol

During the summer of 2017, multiple huge fires occurred on Mount Vesuvius (Italy), dispersing a large quantity of ash in the surrounding area ensuing the burning of tens of hectares of Mediterranean scrub. The fires affected a very large area of the Vesuvius National Park and the smoke was driven by winds towards the city of Naples, causing daily peak values of particulate matter (PM) concentrations at ground level higher than the limit of the EU air quality directive. The smoke plume spreading over the area of Naples in this period was characterized by active (lidar) and passive (sun photometer) remote sensing as well as near-surface (optical particle counter) observational techniques. The measurements allowed us to follow both the PM variation at ground level and the vertical profile of fresh biomass burning aerosol as well as to analyze the optical and microphysical properties. The results evidenced the presence of a layer of fine mode aerosol with large mean values of optical depth (AOD > 0.25) and Ångstrom exponent (γ > 1.5) above the observational site. Moreover, the lidar ratio and aerosol linear depolarization obtained from the lidar observations were about 40 sr and 4%, respectively, consistent with the presence of biomass burning aerosol in the atmosphere.

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Natural and anthropogenic impacts on the composition of lake sediments

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/minmag.2008.072.1.411 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 72 (1) ◽

pp. 411-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. Eskola ◽

V. Peuraniemi

Keyword(s):

World War Ii ◽

Lake Sediments ◽

Human Impact ◽

Catchment Area ◽

Anthropogenic Impacts ◽

Heavy Traffic ◽

World War ◽

Small Lakes ◽

Anthropogenic Effect ◽

The City

AbstractLake sediments were studied from four lakes in environmentally different areas in northern Finland. Lakes Pyykösjärvi and Kuivasjärvi are situated near roads with heavy traffic and the city of Oulu. Lakes Martinlampi and Umpilampi are small lakes in a forest area with no immediate human impact nearby. The concentration of Pb increases in the upper parts of the sedimentary columns of Lake Kuivasjärvi and Lake Pyykösjärvi. This is interpreted as being an anthropogenic effect related to heavy traffic in the area and use of Lake Pyykösjärvi as an airport during World War II. High Ni and Zn concentrations in the Lake Umpilampi sediments are caused by weathered black schists. Sediments in Lake Martinlampi show high Pb and Zn contents with increasing Pb concentrations up through the sedimentary column. The sources of these elements are probably Pb-Zn mineralization in the bedrock, Pb-Zn-rich boulders and anomalous Pb and Zn contents in till in the catchment area of the lake.

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TO COMPARE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEBULISATION WITH ADRENALINE, 3% HYPERTONIC SALINE AND NORMAL SALINE IN BRONCHIOLITIS IN CHILDREN OF 2 TO 24 MONTHS OF AGE BASED ON CLINICAL SEVERITY SCORE AND NEBULISATION FREQUENCY.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v5i2.1764 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Priyanka Jain ◽

Rakesh Jain

Keyword(s):

Hypertonic Saline ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Research Centre ◽

P Value ◽

College Hospital ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean

Background & Method: We conducted a double blinded study at Index Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Indore. The sample size was determined to be minimum of 120 cases as based upon previous years admission due to acute bronchiolitis. Initially, 146 cases were included in the study out of which 23 cases dropped out of the study after giving consent by guardian for participation in the study as they left against medical advice from the hospital. Result: The mean difference of CSS between 0 minutes to 60 minutes of nebulisation between groups in all cases was 0.4 ± 0.6, between 60 minutes and 4 hours was 0.8 ± 0.6, between 4 to 8 hours was 0.7 ± 0.6, between 8-12 hours was 0.6 ± 0.4, between 12-24 hours was 1.6 ± 0.9 and between 24-48 hours was 1.9 ± 0.9.The mean values and resultant p-value of ANOVA of various nebulising agents used for improvement in CSS shows significant association between various nebulising agents used along with improvement in CSS at the end of assessment at 48 hours of treatment. Conclusion: This study was conducted to establish the efficacy of each nebulisation agent (i.e. adrenaline, 3% hypertonic saline and normal saline) currently used and compare the outcomes as there is not enough evidence amongst Indian population on level of efficacy of each drug in causing improvement in symptoms and signs in various severities of bronchiolitis in early childhood. Comparison of significant improvement in mean difference in CSS at various intervals in all cases compared between groups by post hoc test revealed non-significant difference (p-value 0.700) between 3% hypertonic saline and normal saline. Keywords: nebulisation, adrenaline, bronchiolitis & clinical.

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Basics of Statistics for Clinical Research in Hand Surgery

Revista Iberoamericana de Cirugía de la Mano ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1675587 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (02) ◽

pp. 150-171 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Roberto Rosales ◽

Isam Atroshi

Keyword(s):

Clinical Research ◽

Linear Models ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Hand Surgery ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Data Matrix ◽

P Value ◽

Real Value ◽

Tunnel Syndrome

AbstractStatistics, the science of numerical evaluation, helps in determining the real value of a hand surgical intervention. Clinical research in hand surgery cannot improve without considering the application of the most appropriate statistical procedures. The purpose of the present paper is to approach the basics of data analysis using a database of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) to understand the data matrix, the generation of variables, the descriptive statistics, the most appropriate statistical tests based on how data were collected, the parameter estimation (inference statistics) with p-value or confidence interval, and, finally, the important concept of generalized linear models (GLMs) or regression analysis.

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Identifying Human-Induced Spatial Differences of Soil Erosion Change in a Hilly Red Soil Region of Southern China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11113103 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3103

Author(s):

Dong Huang ◽

Xiaohuan Yang ◽

Hongyan Cai ◽

Zuolin Xiao ◽

Dongrui Han

Keyword(s):

Soil Erosion ◽

Human Impact ◽

Human Impacts ◽

Southern China ◽

Red Soil ◽

Jiangxi Province ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Gravity Center ◽

Local Conditions ◽

Spatial Differences

Soil erosion (SE) processes are closely related to natural conditions and human activities, posing a threat to environment and society. Identifying the human impact on regional SE changes is increasingly essential for pertinent SE management. Jiangxi province is studied here as a representative area of hilly-red-soil regions within southern China. The main objectives of this study were to investigate the changing trend of SE within Jiangxi and identify human impacts on regional SE change from the perspective of spatial differences, through a new approach based on a gravity-center model. Our results showed that SE status presented an overall amelioration from 1990 to 2015, while the average soil erosion modulus (SEM) declined from 864 to 281 Mg/(km2·a). Compared to the situation under human and natural impacts, human-induced spatial differences of SE change demonstrated that the western and northwest regions showed stronger negative effects; the southern region shifted towards negative effects; the northeast region presented a much weaker negative effect. Our results indicated that 4 cities with strong negative effects need more attention in further SE management suited to their local conditions and development, and also suggested that the approach based on a gravity-center has potential for identifying the human impact on regional SE change from the perspective of spatial patterns.

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Tinnitus: The Sound of Stress?

Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health ◽

10.2174/1745017901814010264 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 264-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patricia Ciminelli ◽

Sergio Machado ◽

Manoela Palmeira ◽

Mauro Giovanni Carta ◽

Sarah Cristina Beirith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Progressive Increase ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Subjective Tinnitus ◽

Stress Symptoms ◽

The Impact

Background: Emotional stress is frequently associated with otologic symptoms as tinnitus and dizziness. Stress can contribute to the beginning or worsening of tinnitus. Objective: The objective of the study is to evaluate the presence of stress symptoms in patients with chronic, subjective tinnitus, and correlate its presence to annoyance associated with tinnitus. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. One hundred and eighty patients with chronic, subjective tinnitus were included. Patients answered the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) to evaluate the impact of tinnitus in the quality of life and answered the Lipp's inventory symptoms of stress for adults (ISSL). The data obtained was organized using Excel® 2010, mean values, linear regression and p-value were calculated. Results: Of the 180 patients included in the study, 117 (65%) had stress symptoms, 52 of the 117 (44%) were in the resistance phase and 23 of the 117 (20%) in the exhaustion phase, the remaining was in the alert phase. There was a clear progressive increase in stress as THI raised, with more impact of tinnitus in quality of life. Conclusion: The presence of stress symptoms, measured by ISSL was observed in most of our patients with chronic subjective tinnitus, specially in the resistance and exhaustion phases and it is directly associated with tinnitus annoyance.

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