On the Systematics and Biodiversity of the Palaeoannelida

Palaeoannelida Weigert and Bleidorn, 2016 is an old clade branching off at the base of the Annelida radiation. It includes two morphologically and ecological divergent groups of sedentary burrowers and tube-dwellers: Magelonidae Cunningham and Ramage, 1888, and Oweniidae Rioja, 1917. Magelonids are characterised by a flattened, shovel-shaped prostomium and a pair of ventral papillated palps. Oweniids have simplified bodies lacking parapodia or appendages and are easily distinguished by the presence of oval patches of packed uncini, each with two distal curved teeth. The present review aims to summarise available information about the diversity of forms and life strategies displayed in the group, providing some guidelines for species identification and the techniques commonly used for their study. In addition, the assumed geographic distributions of some taxa are critically discussed. A brief introduction about the evolutionary relationships, systematics, and taxonomic history is given for both Magelonidae and Oweniidae. The motivation of this review is to highlight the main knowledge gaps from a taxonomic, methodological, and geographic perspective, aiming at stimulating further research into members of this clade.

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On the Systematics and Biodiversity of the Opheliidae and Scalibregmatidae

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13020087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 87 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Julio Parapar ◽

Alejandro Martínez ◽

Juan Moreira

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Evolutionary Relationships ◽

Life Strategies ◽

Ecological Preferences ◽

Deposit Feeders ◽

Taxonomic History ◽

The Future ◽

Sandy Sediments ◽

Available Information ◽

Diversity Of Life

In this paper we review the systematics, diversity, and ecology of two related annelid families: Opheliidae Malmgren, 1867 and Scalibregmatidae Malmgren, 1867. Opheliids are deposit-feeders and that are mainly found as burrowers in sandy sediments. Morphologically, opheliids are characterized by the smooth cuticle, as well as the presence of a conspicuous ventral groove, reduced parapodia, and a tubular-shaped structure often projecting from the posterior end. Scalibregmatids are also deposit-feeders, but compared to opheliids, they have a characteristic arenicoliform body, a T-shaped anterior end and a glandular, reticulated epidermis. For each family, we summarize the available information about the evolutionary relationships, taxonomic history, geographical distribution, ecological preferences and diversity of life strategies along with the techniques most commonly used for their study. By highlighting the main gaps in knowledge on each of these topics, this review ultimately aims at stimulating further research into members of these two families in the future.

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A synopsis on the Chinese species of Clytra Laicharting, with description of two new species (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae: Clytrini)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3067.1.1 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3067 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

FENG-YAN WANG ◽

HONG-ZHANG ZHOU

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Species Identification ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽

Two New Species ◽

Geographic Distributions ◽

Academy Of Sciences ◽

Beijing China

The taxonomy of the genus Clytra Laicharting, 1781 occurring in China is studied. Two new species are described: Clytra (Clytraria) tanae sp. nov. from Qinghai and Yunnan, and Clytra (Clytraria) truncatula sp. nov. from Xinjiang. The Chinese fauna of the genus is thus increased to 13 species/subspecies in total. Keys to the Chinese genera of Clytrini and to Chinese species of Clytra are provided in addition to color plates and line drawings of habitus, maxilla, labium, male genitalia and spermatheca, which facilitates species identification; geographic distributions of 12 species/subspecies are mapped. The type specimens are deposited in Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

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Advances in the Field of Micro- and Nanotechnologies Applied to Extracellular Vesicle Research: Take-Home Message from ISEV2021

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12121563 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1563

Author(s):

Silvia Picciolini ◽

Francesca Rodà ◽

Marzia Bedoni ◽

Alice Gualerzi

Keyword(s):

Annual Meeting ◽

Extracellular Vesicles ◽

International Society ◽

Biomedical Research ◽

Human Body ◽

Knowledge Exchange ◽

Extracellular Vesicle ◽

Present Review ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

Therapeutic Tools

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are naturally secreted nanoparticles with a plethora of functions in the human body and remarkable potential as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Starting from their discovery, EV nanoscale dimensions have hampered and slowed new discoveries in the field, sometimes generating confusion and controversies among experts. Microtechnological and especially nanotechnological advances have sped up biomedical research dealing with EVs, but efforts are needed to further clarify doubts and knowledge gaps. In the present review, we summarize some of the most interesting data presented in the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV), ISEV2021, to stimulate discussion and to share knowledge with experts from all fields of research. Indeed, EV research requires a multidisciplinary knowledge exchange and effort. EVs have demonstrated their importance and significant biological role; still, further technological achievements are crucial to avoid artifacts and misleading conclusions in order to enable outstanding discoveries.

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A phylogenetic analysis of the tribe Zopherini with a review ofthe species and generic classification (Coleoptera: Zopheridae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1928.1.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1928 (1) ◽

pp. 1-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

IAN A. FOLEY ◽

MICHAEL A. IVIE

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

Central America ◽

New Combinations ◽

The World ◽

Two New Species ◽

Taxonomic History ◽

Geographic Distributions ◽

Review Ofthe

A morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of all known species (excluding the well-revised Zopherus Gray) of the tribe Zopherini was performed. The genus Sesaspis Casey is elevated from synonymy, redescribed and two new species are described from Central America, Sesaspis ashei NEW SPECIES and Sesaspis triplehorni NEW SPECIES. The following NEW COMBINATIONS are proposed: Noserinus furcatus (Kirsch), Phloeodes venustus (Champion), Sesaspis emarginata (Horn), Sesaspis lutosa (Champion), Sesaspis sylvatica (García-París et al.), and Sesaspis doyeni (García-París et al.). The following NEW SYNONYMIES are proposed: Phloeodes pustulosus LeConte of Phloeodes diabolicus LeConte, Nosoderma prominens Casey, Nosoderma senex Casey, Nosoderma brevicollis Casey, and Nosoderma subglabrus Casey of Eurychora inaequale Say as Verodes inaequalis (Say), Nosoderma insigne Champion of Nosoderma interruptum Champion as Verodes interruptus (Champion), Noserodes squalidus Casey of Nosoderma guatemalense Champion as Verodes guatemalensis (Champion), Scoriaderma congolense Fairmaire of Nosoderma scabrosum Solier as Verodes scabrosus (Solier), and Scoriaderma comoriense Fairmaire of S. cordicolle Waterhouse. A revised key to the world genera is provided, as well as keys to all species of the tribe, save those of Zopherus, including the multispecies genera Noserinus Casey, Nosoderma Guérin-Méneville, Phloeodes LeConte, Sesaspis Casey, and Verodes Casey. A synoptic catalog of the described species is provided, with brief comments on the taxonomic histories of the tribe, genera, and species. All recognized species are illustrated and diagnosed, with information on their types, taxonomic history and geographic distributions.

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Oxygen therapy in newborns

Journal of Neonatology ◽

10.1177/097321790902300408 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 315-319

Author(s):

Shamsher S. Dalai ◽

Rajesh Kumar ◽

Daljit Singh

Keyword(s):

Present Article ◽

Critical Field ◽

Oxygen Therapy ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Knowledge Gaps ◽

Available Information ◽

Evidence Based Care

After more than half a century of use of oxygen in neonates, there are many areas related to oxygen therapy in neonates in which the available information based on current evidence remains inadequate. To address the knowledge gaps that prevent optimal, evidence-based care in this critical field, National Neonatology forum, India is bringing out a set of guidelines on Oxygen therapy in neonates. The present article, which is based on these guidelines, proposes to review oxygen therapy in neonates including what is presently known on this topic, gaps in knowledge and researchable issues.

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Iodothyronine deiodinases: a functional and evolutionary perspective

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1530/joe-12-0258 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 215 (2) ◽

pp. 207-219 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Aurea Orozco ◽

Carlos Valverde-R ◽

Aurora Olvera ◽

Carlota García-G

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Regulatory Network ◽

Present Review ◽

Evolutionary Perspective ◽

Functional Diversification ◽

Evolutionary Pathway ◽

Iodothyronine Deiodinases ◽

The Family ◽

Available Information ◽

Complex Regulatory Network

From an evolutionary perspective, deiodinases may be considered pivotal players in the emergence and functional diversification of both thyroidal systems (TS) and their iodinated messengers. To better understand the evolutionary pathway and the concomitant functional diversification of vertebrate deiodinases, in the present review we summarized the highlights of the available information regarding this ubiquitous enzymatic component that represents the final, common physiological link of TS. The information reviewed here suggests that deiodination of tyrosine metabolites is an ancient feature of all chordates studied to date and consequently, that it precedes the integration of the TS that characterize vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis presented here points to D1 as the oldest vertebrate deiodinase and to D2 as the most recent deiodinase gene, a hypothesis that agrees with the notion that D2 is the most specialized and finely regulated member of the family and plays a key role in vertebrate neurogenesis. Thus, deiodinases seem to be major participants in the evolution and functional expansion of the complex regulatory network of TS found in vertebrates.

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Isolation Process and Bioactive Activity of Bioactive Polysaccharides from Fungal Mycelium

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.401 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 726-731 ◽

pp. 401-405 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiang Yu Cao ◽

Wei Yang ◽

Jian Li Lui ◽

Hai Xin Ai

Keyword(s):

Present Review ◽

Current Status ◽

Fungal Mycelium ◽

Bioactive Substances ◽

The Past ◽

Research Areas ◽

Future Direction ◽

Available Information ◽

Intense Debate

Fungus has been valued as one of edible and medicinal resources, and bioactive substances have been identified in many fungus species. In all of them, polysaccharides are the most famous and potent fungus-derived substances with antioxidant, antitumor, immunoregulation and so on. Although the isolation process and bioactive activity of fungal mycelium polysaccharides have been investigated in the past decade, the new bioactive activity and the mechanism of fungal mycelium polysaccharides are not systematic studied. These studies are still in progress and the role of polysaccharides as bioactive activity is especially under intense debate. The purpose of the present review is to summarize the available information of isolation process and bioactive activity, and to reflect the current status of these research areas with a view for future direction.

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“Annam Vruttikaranam Shreshtham: Importance of diet in Brihattrayi.”

National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science ◽

10.52482/ayurlog.v9i01.792 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Kavita Bhagat

Keyword(s):

Present Review ◽

Successful Management ◽

Future Studies ◽

Root Cause ◽

Inclusive Approach ◽

Almost All ◽

Available Information ◽

Supporting Materials ◽

All Diseases

The diet is one of the most important entity for Vrutti (Sustenance of life). The major treatises of Ayurveda (Brihattrayi), namely Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita and Ashtanga Hridaya (sometimes, Ashtanga Sangraha also) give logical and didactic explanation for it. The present review was aimed at compiling available information about importance of Ahara (diet) from these four treatises. The review can be helpful for understanding various concepts related to food in Ayurveda and can be implied in future studies. The Charaka Samhita with Ayurveda Dipika commentary by Chakrapani, The Sushruta Samhita with Nibandha Sangraha commentary by Dalhana, The Ashtanga Hridaya with Sarvanga Sundara commentary by Arunadattta and Ashtanga Sangraha with Shashilekha commentary by Indu, were mainly reviewed for the present study. Supporting materials from ancient and contemporary sources were also reviewed. The classification of Ahara (diet) as well as Ahara Vidhi Vidhana (dietetic rules) have been reviewed from all four major treatises of Ayurveda. The aim of Ahara (diet) has been described in an all-inclusive approach converging to most important i.e. Vrutti (sustenance of life). This ultimate approach can be utilized in development of various diet plans for healthy as well as diseased people. As Ahara (diet) is the root cause and treatment of almost all diseases, this knowledge can prove to be useful for successful management of various conditions.

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