scholarly journals Polychaete Diversity Related to Different Mesophotic Bioconstructions along the Southeastern Italian Coast

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Maria Flavia Gravina ◽  
Cataldo Pierri ◽  
Maria Mercurio ◽  
Carlotta Nonnis Marzano ◽  
Adriana Giangrande
Keyword(s):  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
The North ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Biological Determinants ◽  
High Species Richness ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Current Circulation ◽  
Italian Coast

In the different mesophotic bioconstructions recently found along the Southeastern Italian coast, polychaetes have been proved to show high species richness and diversity, hitherto never investigated. In the present study, the species composition and functional role of polychaete assemblages were analysed; the updated key to identification of the Mediterranean species of genus Eunice was presented and some taxonomic issues were also discussed. On the total of 70 species Serpulidae and Eunicida were the dominant polychaetes. Facing similar levels of α-diversity, the polychaete assemblages showed a high turnover of species along the north-south gradient, clearly according to the current circulation pattern, as well as to the different bioconstructors as biological determinants. Indeed, Serpulidae were dominant on the mesophotic bioconstructions primarily formed by the deep-sea oyster Neopycnodonte cochlear, while the Eunicida prevailed on the mesophotic bioconstructions mainly built by scleractinians. Lastly, the record of Eunice dubitata was the first for the Mediterranean and Italian fauna and proved this species to be characteristic of mesophotic bioconstructions.

Observational analysis of Mediterranean decadal hydroclimate variability: role of Atlantic-Mediterranean sea surface temperatures

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Suarez-Moreno ◽  
Richard Seager ◽  
Yochanan Kushnir
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Hydroclimate Variability ◽  
The North Atlantic ◽  
The Mediterranean

<p>The Mediterranean region is a semi-arid climate zone, subject to droughts, where water resources are scarce and observational data and climate models suggest a tendency towards greater aridification. Moreover, the Mediterranean region is an area of social and political instability and, in the Middle East, open warfare, which might be further stressed by climate change. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is the dominant mode of winter climate variability in the North Atlantic sector, playing the leading role in driving Mediterranean hydroclimate variability from seasonal to multidecadal timescales, whereas the influence of sea surface temperatures (SSTs) remains unclear. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying the NAO is still under debate, and the possibility for coupled ocean-atmosphere decadal interactions, for which several mechanisms have been proposed, would support the role of SST. Based on observations and reanalysis, we conduct a statistical-observational analysis to explore the decadal drivers of Mediterranean hydroclimate variability for the winter half-year (October-to-March) wet season. Our results put forward the uneven intraseasonal influence of the decadal NAO, being the leading driver during the winter peak season (December-to-March), while decadal Atlantic-Mediterranean SST variability exhibit a consistent link for the first months of the wet season (October-to-January). These results emphasize the need to further explore the ocean-atmosphere feedback mechanisms and their possible modulations under climate change. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to improve predictability of hydroclimate in the Mediterranean region, leading to adaptation strategies that mitigate the effect of climate change on the vulnerable population.</p>

The Unmaking of the Mediterranean Trade Hegemony: International Trade Rivalry and the Commercial Revolution

1975 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
The North ◽  
Nation States ◽  
European Trade ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

The shift in the locus of European trade from the markets of the Mediterranean to the North Atlantic overthrew a centuries old pattern of commerce and established the basis for the predominant role of North Atlantic Europe in the era of industrialization. While the expression “commercial revolution” no longer has quite the currency that it once enjoyed, students of the early modern economy have not been negligent about trying to understand the causes of the commercial shift. The impact of entrepreneurship and Weltanschauung, capital accumulation, technical innovation in shipping and industry, and the economic and political organization of nation-states have all received attention from students of the age.

scholarly journals Nematode diversity patterns at different spatial scales in bathyal sediments of the Mediterranean Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 5465-5479 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bianchelli ◽  
C. Gambi ◽  
M. Mea ◽  
A. Pusceddu ◽  
R. Danovaro
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
High Turnover ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Bathymetric Range ◽  
Β Diversity ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Nematode Diversity ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Understanding biodiversity patterns and how they are driven at different spatial scales is a crucial issue in ecological studies. This is particularly evident for the deep sea, the largest biome of the biosphere, where information on the scales of spatial variation is very scant. Here, we investigated deep-sea nematodes species richness, turnover and functional diversity, and life strategies at different spatial scales (from local to macro-regional) to identify the factors that shape regional (γ) and macro-regional (ε) deep-sea diversity. This study was conducted in several deep-sea habitats (canyons, open slopes, deep-water corals, and bathyal plains) over > 2000 km across the whole Mediterranean Basin, at a bathymetric range comprised between ca. 600 and 1300 m. Our results indicate that the patterns of local (α) diversity across the deep Mediterranean follow the gradients of the trophic conditions, which decrease from the western to the eastern basins. For all of the sites and habitats, the α diversity is generally low. Conversely, the turnover diversity changes significantly among habitats (β diversity) and between regions (δ diversity), showing values of dissimilarity (based on species presence/absence matrixes) between 59 and 90% for β diversity and between 81 and 89% for δ diversity. This suggests that patterns and values of γ and ε diversities in the deep Mediterranean Sea are related to turnover diversity among habitats and between regions (β and δ diversities), rather than to the local biodiversity (α diversity). These results indicate also that the differences in β and δ diversities are even more important than those in α diversity for the comprehension of the drivers of biodiversity in the deep Mediterranean Sea. We conclude that the presence of different habitats and gradients in environmental conditions, by promoting a high turnover diversity across the Mediterranean Sea, may play a crucial role in the levels of γ diversity of deep-sea nematodes.

The Inherited Past of the Broch: On Antiquarian Discourse and Contemporary Archaeology

2002 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW BAINES
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Academic Language ◽  
Contemporary Archaeology ◽  
The North

In reading archaeological texts, we expect to be engaged in a characteristically archaeological discourse, with a specific and recognisable structure and vocabulary. In evaluating the published work of 19th Century antiquarians, we will inevitably look for points of contact between their academic language and our own; success or failure in the identification of such points of contact may prompt us to recognise a nascent archaeology in some writings, while dismissing others as naïve or absurd. With this point in mind, this paper discusses the written and material legacies of three 19th Century antiquarians in the north of Scotland who worked on a particular monument type, the broch. The paper explores the degree to which each has been admitted as an influence on the development of the broch as a type. It then proceeds to compare this established typology with the author's experiences, in the field, of the sites it describes. In doing so, the paper addresses wider issues concerning the role of earlier forms of archaeological discourse in the development of present day archaeological classifications of, and of the problems of reconciling such classifications with our experiences of material culture.

Crossing the Pomerium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Koortbojian
Keyword(s):  
Social Practices ◽  
Civic Life ◽  
Public Monuments ◽  
Religion And Law ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The ancient Romans famously distinguished between civic life in Rome and military matters outside the city—a division marked by the pomerium, an abstract religious and legal boundary that was central to the myth of the city's foundation. This book explores, by means of images and texts, how the Romans used social practices and public monuments to assert their capital's distinction from its growing empire, to delimit the proper realms of religion and law from those of war and conquest, and to establish and disseminate so many fundamental Roman institutions across three centuries of imperial rule. The book probes such topics as the appearance in the city of Romans in armor, whether in representation or in life, the role of religious rites on the battlefield, and the military image of Constantine on the arch built in his name. Throughout, the book reveals how, in these instances and others, the ancient ideology of crossing the pomerium reflects the efforts of Romans not only to live up to the ideals they had inherited, but also to reconceive their past and to validate contemporary practices during a time when Rome enjoyed growing dominance in the Mediterranean world. The book explores a problem faced by generations of Romans—how to leave and return to hallowed city ground in the course of building an empire.

Training of Village Teachers in Vilna Educational District in the 1860s and 1870s

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Anna A. Komzolova
Keyword(s):  
Educational Reform ◽  
Rural Teachers ◽  
Cultural Brokers ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Trained Teachers ◽  
The Village ◽  
North Western

One of the results of the educational reform of the 1860s was the formation of the regular personnel of village teachers. In Vilna educational district the goal was not to invite teachers from central Russia, but to train them on the spot by establishing special seminaries. Trained teachers were supposed to perform the role of «cultural brokers» – the intermediaries between local peasants and the outside world, between the culture of Russian intelligentsia and the culture of the Belarusian people. The article examines how officials and teachers of Vilna educational district saw the role of rural teachers as «cultural brokers» in the context of the linguistic and cultural diversity of the North-Western Provinces. According to them, the graduates of the pedagogical seminaries had to remain within the peasant estate and to keep in touch with their folk «roots». The special «mission» of the village teachers was in promoting the ideas of «Russian elements» and historical proximity to Russia among Belarusian peasants.

Peranan Ombudsman Republik Indonesia Perwakilan Sumatera Utara Dalam Pengawasan Pelayanan Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Kota Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Putri Ananda Sari ◽  
Abdul Kadir ◽  
Beby Mashito Batu Bara
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
First Report ◽  
The North ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Sumatra

This study aims to determine the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in North Sumatra Representative in the Supervision of Population and Civil Registry Service in Medan City. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods describing information about the data obtained from the field in the form of written and oral data from the parties studied. Data is collected based on interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in North Sumatra was carried out in the form of external supervision. External supervision is supervision carried out by the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia Representative of North Sumatra to the Medan Population and Civil Registry Service. Actions taken in the supervision process are incoming reports, follow-up of the first report and follow-up of the report. Based on the research that has been carried out, it has been concluded that the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in the North Sumatra Representative in supervising the service provider of the Population and Civil Registry services is carried out in the form of external supervision. In supervising the handling of public reports of alleged poor service in the area of population administration, it has been effective, with several efforts to handle reports such as: (1) Clarification; (2) Investigation; (3) Recommendations; (4) Monitoring.

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