Combined Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Polyps and Ephyrae of Aurelia solida (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa)

Jellyfish outbreaks are conspicuous natural events in marine ecosystems that have a substantial impact on the structure and dynamics of marine ecosystems and different economic sectors of human activities. Understanding the life cycle strategies of jellyfish species is therefore critical to mitigate the impacts these organisms may have. In this context, the present study investigated the effect of different temperature and salinity regimes on the rearing success of the jellyfish Aurelia solida in microcosm experiments on two different life stages: polyps and ephyrae. Polyps showed high survival rates across the different conditions (except at 28 °C/20 psu) and reproduced asexually in all combinations, with the highest budding activity at 20 °C and 30 psu. Strobilation occurred mainly at 16 °C and 35 psu. Although ephyra survival was highest at low salinities (20 psu) and lower temperatures (10 and 15 °C), the highest growth rates were reached at intermediate temperatures (20 °C). The comparison to other Aurelia species underlines the differences between even closely related species. Given the high tolerance capacity that A. solida presented in the experiments, the species has the potential to cope well under current climate change scenarios and possibly adapt successfully to other regions and ecosystems.

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Effects of temperature and salinity on the survival rates of coxicerberus ramosae (Albuquerque, 1978), an interstitial isopod of a Sandy Beach on the coast of Brazil

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology ◽

10.1590/s1516-89132009000500015 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 1179-1187 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Elaine Figueiredo Albuquerque ◽

Bruno Meurer ◽

Godofredo da Camara Genofre Netto

Keyword(s):

Intertidal Zone ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Sandy Beach ◽

Narrow Range ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Sandy Beaches ◽

Statistical Analyses ◽

High Survival ◽

Combined Effects ◽

Effects Of Temperature

The tolerance to the combined effects of temperature and salinity was investigated in the interstitial isopod Coxicerberus ramosae (Albuquerque, 1978), a species of intertidal zone of sandy beaches in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The animals were collected on Praia Vermelha Beach. The experiments lasted 24 h and nine salinities and seven temperatures were used for a total of 63 combinations. Thirty animals were tested in each combination. The species showed high survival in most of the combinations. The temperature of 35 ºC was lethal and at 5 ºC, the animals tolerated only a narrow range of salinities. The statistical analyses showed that the effects of temperature and salinity were significant on the survival, which confirmed the euryhalinity and eurythermy of this species.

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Cognitive decline in patients with prostate cancer: study protocol of a prospective cohort, NEON-PC

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043844 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. e043844

Author(s):

Natalia Araujo ◽

Samantha Morais ◽

Ana Rute Costa ◽

Raquel Braga ◽

Ana Filipa Carneiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prostate Cancer ◽

Cognitive Decline ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Androgen Deprivation Therapy ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Androgen Deprivation ◽

High Survival ◽

The Impact

IntroductionProstate cancer is the most prevalent oncological disease among men in industrialised countries. Despite the high survival rates, treatments are often associated with adverse effects, including metabolic and cardiovascular complications, sexual dysfunction and, to a lesser extent, cognitive decline. This study was primarily designed to evaluate the trajectories of cognitive performance in patients with prostate cancer, and to quantify the impact of the disease and its treatments on the occurrence of cognitive decline.MethodsParticipants will be recruited from two main hospitals providing care to approximately half of the patients with prostate cancer in Northern Portugal (Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto and São João Hospital Centre), and will comprise a cohort of recently diagnosed patients with prostate cancer proposed for different treatment plans, including: (1) radical prostatectomy; (2) brachytherapy and/or radiotherapy; (3) radiotherapy in combination with androgen deprivation therapy and (4) androgen deprivation therapy (with or without chemotherapy). Recruitment began in February 2018 and is expected to continue until the first semester of 2021. Follow-up evaluations will be conducted at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 years. Sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical characteristics, anxiety and depression, health literacy, health status, quality of life, and sleep quality will be assessed. Blood pressure and anthropometrics will be measured, and a fasting blood sample will be collected. Participants’ cognitive performance will be evaluated before treatments and throughout follow-up (Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Cube Test as well as Brain on Track for remote monitoring). All participants suspected of cognitive impairment will undergo neuropsychological tests and clinical observation by a neurologist.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the hospitals involved. All participants will provide written informed consent, and study procedures will be developed to ensure data protection and confidentiality. Results will be disseminated through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentation in scientific meetings.

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Bone marrow niche crosses paths with BMPs: a road to protection and persistence in CML

Biochemical Society Transactions ◽

10.1042/bst20190221 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1307-1325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Caroline Busch ◽

Helen Wheadon

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Bone Marrow ◽

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins ◽

Kinase Inhibitor ◽

Survival Rates ◽

High Survival ◽

Bone Marrow Niche ◽

Matrix Deposition ◽

Bmp Receptors ◽

Number Of Patients

Abstract Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a paradigm of precision medicine, being one of the first cancers to be treated with targeted therapy. This has revolutionised CML therapy and patient outcome, with high survival rates. However, this now means an ever-increasing number of patients are living with the disease on life-long tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy, with most patients anticipated to have near normal life expectancy. Unfortunately, in a significant number of patients, TKIs are not curative. This low-level disease persistence suggests that despite a molecularly targeted therapeutic approach, there are BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms exploited to sustain the survival of a small cell population of leukaemic stem cells (LSCs). In CML, LSCs display many features akin to haemopoietic stem cells, namely quiescence, self-renewal and the ability to produce mature progeny, this all occurs through intrinsic and extrinsic signals within the specialised microenvironment of the bone marrow (BM) niche. One important avenue of investigation in CML is how the disease highjacks the BM, thereby remodelling this microenvironment to create a niche, which enables LSC persistence and resistance to TKI treatment. In this review, we explore how changes in growth factor levels, in particular, the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines, impact on cell behaviour, extracellular matrix deposition and bone remodelling in CML. We also discuss the challenges in targeting LSCs and the potential of dual targeting using combination therapies against BMP receptors and BCR-ABL1.

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Survival Rate of 1008 Short Dental Implants with 21 Months of Average Follow-Up: A Retrospective Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9123943 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 3943

Author(s):

João Caramês ◽

Ana Catarina Pinto ◽

Gonçalo Caramês ◽

Helena Francisco ◽

Joana Fialho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Dental Implants ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Survival Rates ◽

High Survival ◽

Implant Survival ◽

Posterior Maxilla ◽

Clinical Records

This retrospective study evaluated the survival rate of short, sandblasted acid-etched surfaced implants with 6 and 8 mm lengths with at least 120 days of follow-up. Data concerning patient, implant and surgery characteristics were retrieved from clinical records. Sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA)-surfaced tissue-level 6 mm (TL6) or 8 mm (TL8) implants or bone-level tapered 8 mm (BLT8) implants were used. Absolute and relative frequency distributions were calculated for qualitative variables and mean values and standard deviations for quantitative variables. A Cox regression model was performed to verify whether type, length and/or width influence the implant survival. The cumulative implant survival rate was assessed by time-to-event analyses (Kaplan–Meier estimator). In all, 513 patients with a mean age of 58.00 ± 12.44 years received 1008 dental implants with a mean follow-up of 21.57 ± 10.77 months. Most implants (78.17%) presented a 4.1 mm diameter, and the most frequent indication was a partially edentulous arch (44.15%). The most frequent locations were the posterior mandible (53.97%) and the posterior maxilla (31.55%). No significant differences were found in survival rates between groups of type, length and width of implant with the cumulative rate being 97.7% ± 0.5%. Within the limitations of this study, the evaluated short implants are a predictable option with high survival rates during the follow-up without statistical differences between the appraised types, lengths and widths.

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High levels of liver antioxidants are associated with life-history strategies characteristic of slow growth and high survival rates in birds

Journal of Comparative Physiology B ◽

10.1007/s00360-012-0671-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 182 (7) ◽

pp. 947-959 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ismael Galván ◽

Johannes Erritzøe ◽

Filiz Karadaş ◽

Anders P. Møller

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Slow Growth ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Life History Strategies ◽

High Survival

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Social and genetic analysis of a population of free-living cats (Felis catus L.) exploiting a resource-rich habitat

Wildlife Research ◽

10.1071/wr02092 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 405 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Elizabeth Denny ◽

Paul Yakovlevich ◽

Mark D. B. Eldridge ◽

Chris Dickman

Keyword(s):

Waste Disposal ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Felis Catus ◽

Male Dominance ◽

Disposal Site ◽

Free Living ◽

Structure And Dynamics ◽

Population Structure And Dynamics ◽

Rural Australia

Free-living cats (Felis catus L.) exploiting a waste-disposal site in rural Australia were studied for two years to investigate population structure and dynamics, and the relatedness of constituent individuals. The density of the population was equivalent to 700–750 cats km–2, the sex ratio was heavily skewed towards males, breeding occurred from July to April, and kitten survival rates were low. A combination of observational data, biometrics and microsatellite loci analyses was used to assess the relatedness of individuals in the population; these methods yielded highly congruent results. Thus, a female kin-group of three was identified, there was no female immigration, the average relatedness amongst the population was high and there was no indication of male dominance. The results indicate that cats at the site formed a tightly structured group, rather than an ad hoc collection of individuals. The stable, resource-rich habitat of waste-disposal sites may generally support high densities of group-forming cats in rural Australia, and pose broad-scale but previously unrecognised problems for effective management of free-living cats.

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Reintroduction of the highly endangered mollusk Patella ferruginea Gmelin, 1791 in an MPA: A novel approach to achieve high survival rates

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science ◽

10.1016/j.ecss.2018.01.014 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 202 ◽

pp. 259-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anis Zarrouk ◽

Mohamed Salah Romdhane ◽

Free Espinosa

Keyword(s):

Survival Rates ◽

High Survival ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Patella Ferruginea

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Overstory treatment and planting season affect survival of replacement tree species in emerald ash borer threatened Fraxinus nigra forests in Minnesota, USA

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/cjfr-2015-0129 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 45 (12) ◽

pp. 1728-1738 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Christopher E. Looney ◽

Anthony W. D’Amato ◽

Brian J. Palik ◽

Robert A. Slesak

Keyword(s):

Tree Species ◽

Group Selection ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Emerald Ash Borer ◽

Species Selection ◽

Ecosystem Functions ◽

Control Group ◽

High Survival ◽

Fraxinus Nigra ◽

Black Ash

Fraxinus nigra Marsh. (black ash) wetland forests in northern Minnesota, USA, are threatened by the invasive insect, emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (EAB)). A potential management option is promoting regeneration of tree species that are not EAB hosts to maintain ecosystem functions. Using an operational-scale field experiment, we examined the survival of 12 alternative tree species in response to different canopy treatments. We planted the seedlings in 1.6 ha plots assigned to four replicated canopy treatments: untreated control, group selection (0.04 ha gaps, 20% of stand), black ash girdling to emulate EAB-induced mortality, and clearcut. Fall and spring plantings were used to compare the effects of spring ponding. Control (32.9%), group selection (34.5%), and girdling (33.3%) treatments had comparable overall seedling survival. Survival in the clear-cut treatments was significantly lower (22%). Species selection, overstory treatment, and season of planting together resulted in survival rates ranging from 0.08% to 94.1%. Conifer species had low overall rates of survival (10.7%), whereas some species with native ranges not presently overlapping with northern F. nigra forests, e.g., Quercus bicolor Willd. (75.5%), had high survival rates. If growth is light-limited, group selection may be effective in promoting recruitment and supporting a larger variety of species.

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Fitness of breeders in social Damaraland mole-rats is independent of group size

10.1101/2021.12.08.471794 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jack Thorley ◽

Hanna Bensch ◽

Kyle Finn ◽

Tim Clutton-Brock ◽

Markus Zöttl

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Success ◽

Group Size ◽

Survival Rates ◽

Group Living ◽

Adult Survival ◽

High Survival ◽

Successful Reproduction ◽

Related Group ◽

Group Members ◽

Using Data

Damaraland mole-rats (Fukomys damarensis) are usually viewed as an obligatorily group living eusocial species in which successful reproduction is dependent on reproductive altruism of closely related group members. However, the reproductive ecology of social mole-rats in their natural environment remains poorly understood and it is unclear to what extent successful reproduction is dependent on assistance from other group members. Using data from a 7-year field study of marked individuals, we show that, after dispersal from their natal group, individuals typically settled alone in new burrow systems where they enjoyed high survival rates, and often remained in good body condition for several years before finding a mate. Unlike most other eusocial or singular cooperative breeders, we found that Damaraland mole-rats reproduced successfully in pairs without helpers and experimentally formed pairs had the same reproductive success as larger established groups. Overall there was only a weak increase in reproductive success with increasing group size and no effect of group size on adult survival rates across the population. Juveniles in large groups grew faster early in life but their growth rates declined subsequently so that they eventually plateaued at a lower maximum body mass than juveniles from small groups. Taken together, our data suggest that the fitness benefits of group living to breeders are small and we suggest that extended philopatry in Damaraland mole-rats has evolved because of the high costs and constraints of dispersal rather than because of strong indirect benefits accrued through cooperative behaviour.

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