scholarly journals Rapid Multiplex Real-Time PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Selected Cariogenic and Periodontal Bacteria

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Lochman ◽  
Martina Zapletalova ◽  
Hana Poskerova ◽  
Lydie Izakovicova Holla ◽  
Petra Borilova Linhartova
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Specimen Collection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Method

Dental caries and periodontal diseases are associated with a shift from symbiotic microbiota to dysbiosis. The aim of our study was to develop a rapid, sensitive, and economical method for the identification and quantification of selected cariogenic and periodontal oral bacteria. Original protocols were designed for three real-time multiplex PCR assays to detect and quantify the ratio of 10 bacterial species associated with dental caries (“cariogenic” complex) or periodontal diseases (red complex, orange complex, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans). A total number of 60 samples from 30 children aged 2–6 years with severe early childhood caries and gingivitis were tested. In multiplex assays, the quantification of total bacterial (TB) content for cariogenic bacteria and red complex to eliminate differences in quantities caused by specimen collection was included. The mean counts for the TB load and that of ten evaluated specimens corresponded to previously published results. We found a significant difference between the microbial compositions obtained from the area of control and the affected teeth (p < 0.05). Based on this comprehensive microbiological examination, the risk of dental caries or periodontal inflammation may be determined. The test could also be used as a tool for behavioral intervention and thus prevention of the above-mentioned diseases.

scholarly journals Title IgA Nephropathy and Oral Bacterial Species Related to Dental Caries and Periodontitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Nagasawa ◽  
Taro Misaki ◽  
Seigo Ito ◽  
Shuhei Naka ◽  
Kaoruko Wato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Bacterial Infection ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Treponema Denticola ◽  
Collagen Binding ◽  
Periodontal Bacteria ◽  
The Relationship

A relationship between IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and bacterial infection has been suspected. As IgAN is a chronic disease, bacteria that could cause chronic infection in oral areas might be pathogenetic bacteria candidates. Oral bacterial species related to dental caries and periodontitis should be candidates because these bacteria are well known to be pathogenic in chronic dental disease. Recently, several reports have indicated that collagen-binding protein (cnm)-(+) Streptococcs mutans is relate to the incidence of IgAN and the progression of IgAN. Among periodontal bacteria, Treponema denticola, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Campylobacte rectus were found to be related to the incidence of IgAN. These bacteria can cause IgAN-like histological findings in animal models. While the connection between oral bacterial infection, such as infection with S. mutans and periodontal bacteria, and the incidence of IgAN remains unclear, these bacterial infections might cause aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 in nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue, which has been reported to cause IgA deposition in mesangial areas in glomeruli, probably through the alteration of microRNAs related to the expression of glycosylation enzymes. The roles of other factors related to the incidence and progression of IgA, such as genes and cigarette smoking, can also be explained from the perspective of the relationship between these factors and oral bacteria. This review summarizes the relationship between IgAN and oral bacteria, such as cnm-(+) S. mutans and periodontal bacteria.

Development of a Cavity Disinfectant Containing Antibacterial Monomer MDPB

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hirose ◽  
R. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Maezono ◽  
A. Mine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adhesive Resin Cement

An experimental cavity disinfectant (ACC) that is intended to be used for various direct and indirect restorations was prepared by adding an antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinum bromide (MDPB) at 5% into 80% ethanol. The antibacterial effectiveness of ACC and its influences on the bonding abilities of resin cements were investigated. To examine the antibacterial activity of unpolymerized MDPB, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined for Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Parvimonas micra, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Antibacterial activities of ACC and the commercial cavity disinfectant containing 2% chlorhexidine and ethanol (CPS) were evaluated by agar disk diffusion tests through 7 bacterial species and by MIC and MBC measurement for S. mutans. The effects of ACC and CPS to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules were compared with an S. mutans–infected dentin model. Shear bond strength tests were used to examine the influences of ACC on the dentin-bonding abilities of a self-adhesive resin cement and a dual-cure resin cement used with a primer. Unpolymerized MDPB showed strong antibacterial activity against 7 oral bacteria. ACC produced inhibition zones against all bacterial species similar to CPS. For ACC and CPS, the MIC value for S. mutans was identical, and the MBC was similar with only a 1-step dilution difference (1:2). Treatment of infected dentin with ACC resulted in significantly greater bactericidal effects than CPS ( P < 0.05, analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference test). ACC showed no negative influences on the bonding abilities to dentin for both resin cements, while CPS reduced the bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement ( P < 0.05). This study clarified that the experimental cavity disinfectant containing 5% MDPB is more effective in vitro than the commercially available chlorhexidine solution to eradicate bacteria in dentin, without causing any adverse influences on the bonding abilities of resinous luting cements.

scholarly journals Estimation of total bacteria by real-time PCR in patients with periodontal disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gavrilo Brajovic ◽  
Branka Popovic ◽  
Miljan Puletic ◽  
Marija Kostic ◽  
Jelena Milasin
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Gene Copy Number ◽  
Gene Copy ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Bacteria

Introduction. Periodontal diseases are associated with the presence of elevated levels of bacteria within the gingival crevice. Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate a total amount of bacteria in subgingival plaque samples in patients with a periodontal disease. Methods. A quantitative evaluation of total bacteria amount using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed on 20 samples of patients with ulceronecrotic periodontitis and on 10 samples of healthy subjects. The estimation of total bacterial amount was based on gene copy number for 16S rRNA that was determined by comparing to Ct values / gene copy number of the standard curve. Results. A statistically significant difference between average gene copy number of total bacteria in periodontal patients (2.55.107) and healthy control (2.37.106) was found (p=0.01). Also, a trend of higher numbers of the gene copy in deeper periodontal lesions (>7 mm) was confirmed by a positive value of coefficient of correlation (r=0.073). Conclusion. The quantitative estimation of total bacteria based on gene copy number could be an important additional tool in diagnosing periodontitis.

scholarly journals Innate Immune Response as a New Challenge in Periodontal Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marina Andrei ◽  
Elena Cristina Andrei ◽  
Elena Camelia Stănciulescu ◽  
Mihaela Cezarina Mehedinți ◽  
Mihaela Jana Țuculină ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune Response ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Inflammation ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Tlr Signalling

Gingivitis and periodontitis are induced by numerous pathogenic microbiota hosted in the subgingival biofilm that first trigger the innate immune response. Innate immune response is part of a homeostatic system which is the first line defence and defines the host inherited resistance to infection. Both genetic and environmental factors are involved in variable individual susceptibility to inflammation of periodontal tissues. That is why, although more than 600 bacterial species have been detected in the periodontal plaque, the type of bacteria incriminated in the development of the inflammation is still unclear. Moreover, in the last decade gene polymorphisms have been largely recognised as important conditions associated with increased susceptibility to periodontal diseases. Manipulating the immune response by the development of drugs that inhibit adverse host reactions and promote beneficial effects might be of therapeutic or prophylactic importance. This work intends to assess the importance of Toll-like receptors as main effectors of the innate immune response in the triggering, maintenance and progression of periodontal inflammation, as well as of the involvement of synthetic molecules targeting TLR signalling pathways in treating periodontal diseases.

scholarly journals Diversity of KIR genes and their HLA-C ligands in Ugandan populations with historically varied malaria transmission intensity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Tukwasibwe ◽  
James A. Traherne ◽  
Olympe Chazara ◽  
Jyothi Jayaraman ◽  
John Trowsdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Malaria Transmission Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Method

Abstract Background: Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in the world. The malaria burden is greatly affected by human immunity, and immune responses vary between populations. Genetic diversity in KIR and HLA-C genes, which are important in immunity to infectious diseases, is likely to play a role in this heterogeneity. Several studies have shown that KIR and HLA-C genes influence the immune response to viral infections, but few studies have examined the role of KIR and HLA-C in malaria infection, and these have used low-resolution genotyping. The aim of this study was to determine whether genetic variation in KIR and their HLA-C ligands differ in Ugandan populations with historically varied malaria transmission intensity using more comprehensive genotyping approaches.Methods: High throughput multiplex quantitative real-time PCR method was used to genotype KIR genetic variants and copy number variation and a high-throughput real-time PCR method was developed to genotype HLA-C1 and C2 allotypes for 1,344 participants, aged 6 months to 10 years, enrolled from Ugandan populations with historically high (Tororo District), medium (Jinja District) and low (Kanungu District) malaria transmission intensity. Results: The prevalence of KIR3DS1, KIR2DL5, KIR2DS5 and KIR2DS1 genes was significantly lower in populations from Kanungu compared to Tororo (7.6% vs. 13.2%: p=0.006, 57.2% vs. 66.4%: p=0.005, 33.2% vs. 46.6%: p<0.001 and 19.7% vs. 26.7%: p=0.014 respectively) or Jinja (7.6% vs.18.1%: p<0.001, 57.2% vs. 63.8%: p=0.048, 33.2% vs. 43.5%: p=0.002 and 19.7% vs. 30.4%: p<0.001 respectively). The prevalence of homozygous HLA-C2 was significantly higher in populations from Kanungu (31.6%) compared to Jinja (21.4%), p=0.043, with no significant difference between Kanungu and Tororo (26.7%), p=0.296. Conclusions: The KIR3DS1, KIR2DL5, KIR2DS5 and KIR2DS1 genes may partly explain differences in transmission intensity of malaria since these genes have been positively selected for in places with historically high malaria transmission intensity. The high-throughput multiplex real-time HLA-C genotyping PCR method developed will be useful in disease association studies involving large cohorts.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Substantivity Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Oral Microbiomes Clinically Isolated from Young and Young-Adult Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal ◽  
Carolina Holguín-Meráz ◽  
Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras ◽  
Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Oral Biofilms

The dental plaque is an oral microbiome hardly associated to be the etiological agent of dental caries and periodontal disease which are still considered serious health public problems. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated to have good antimicrobial properties affecting a wide variety of microorganisms, including oral bacteria; however, there is no scientific information that has evaluated the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs against clinical oral biofilms associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial and substantivity effects of AgNPs in oral biofilms isolated clinically from patients with dental caries and periodontal disease. Sixty-seven young and young-adult subjects with dental caries and periodontal disease were clinically sampled through the collection of subgingival dental plaque. The inhibitory effect of AgNPs was performed with standard microbiological assays by triplicate using two sizes of particle. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the presence of specific bacterial species. All AgNPs showed an inhibitory effect for all oral biofilms for any age and, generally, any gender (p>0.05); however, the effectiveness of the antimicrobial and substantivity effects was related to particle size, time, and gender (p<0.05). The identified microorganisms were S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. oralis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia. The AgNPs could be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for the control and prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease.

Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activity of Citral and its Derivative against Microflora from Dental Plaque

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
S.V. Ambade ◽  
N.M. Deshpande ◽  
S.S. Kale ◽  
V.N. Ambade
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Dental Plaque ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Oral Microflora ◽  
Lemon Grass ◽  
First Time

Dental biofilms inhabit the oral cavity in form of dental plaque which then causes dental caries and periodontal diseases worldwide. Lemon grass essential oil (LGEO) has been reported to exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against. This study represents the potential of citral and derivatives as antimicrobial and antibiofilm agent against dental microflora. Three bacterial species chiefly responsible for biofilm formation, and five prime colonizer of dental plaque were selected to represent dental microflora. Citral and its derivative viz. citral semicarbazone, exhibited antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the selected organisms. For the first time, any citral derivative has ever demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against the oral microflora. However, study could not established citral or its derivatives as more effective, powerful and better herbal material as compared to LGEO to control the oral microflora associated with dental plaque.

scholarly journals Diversity of KIR genes and their HLA-C ligands in Ugandan populations with historically varied malaria transmission intensity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Tukwasibwe ◽  
James A. Traherne ◽  
Olympe Chazara ◽  
Jyothi Jayaraman ◽  
John Trowsdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Malaria Transmission ◽  
Real Time ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Transmission Intensity ◽  
Malaria Transmission Intensity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Method

Abstract Background: Malaria is one of the most serious infectious diseases in the world. The malaria burden is greatly affected by human immunity, and immune responses vary between populations. Genetic diversity in KIR and HLA-C genes, which are important in immunity to infectious diseases, is likely to play a role in this heterogeneity. Several studies have shown that KIR and HLA-C genes influence the immune response to viral infections, but few studies have examined the role of KIR and HLA-C in malaria infection, and these have used low-resolution genotyping. Our aim was to determine whether genetic variation in KIR and their HLA-C ligands differ in Ugandan populations with historically varied malaria transmission intensity using more comprehensive genotyping approaches. Methods: We used high throughput multiplex quantitative real-time PCR method to genotype KIR genetic variants and copy number variation and developed a high-throughput real-time PCR method to genotype HLA-C1 and C2 allotypes for 1,344 participants, aged 6 months to 10 years, enrolled from Ugandan populations with historically high (Tororo District), medium (Jinja District) and low (Kanungu District) malaria transmission intensity. Results: The prevalence of KIR3DS1, KIR2DL5, KIR2DS5 and KIR2DS1 genes was significantly lower in populations from Kanungu compared to Tororo (7.6% vs. 13.2%: p=0.006, 57.2% vs. 66.4%: p=0.005, 33.2% vs. 46.6%: p<0.001 and 19.7% vs. 26.7%: p=0.014 respectively) or Jinja (7.6% vs.18.1%: p<0.001, 57.2% vs. 63.8%: p=0.048, 33.2% vs. 43.5%: p=0.002 and 19.7% vs. 30.4%: p<0.001 respectively). The prevalence of homozygous HLA-C2 was significantly higher in populations from Kanungu (31.6%) compared to Jinja (21.4%), p=0.043, with no significant difference between Kanungu and Tororo (26.7%), p=0.296. Conclusions: The KIR3DS1 , KIR2DL5, KIR2DS5 and KIR2DS1 genes are potentially beneficial in malaria as these genes have been positively selected for in places with historically high malaria transmission intensity. The high-throughput multiplex real-time HLA-C genotyping PCR method we have developed will be useful in disease association studies involving large cohorts.

scholarly journals Traditional Medicinal Plant Extracts and Natural Products with Activity against Oral Bacteria: Potential Application in the Prevention and Treatment of Oral Diseases

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enzo A. Palombo
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Medicinal Plant Extracts ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Oral diseases are major health problems with dental caries and periodontal diseases among the most important preventable global infectious diseases. Oral health influences the general quality of life and poor oral health is linked to chronic conditions and systemic diseases. The association between oral diseases and the oral microbiota is well established. Of the more than 750 species of bacteria that inhabit the oral cavity, a number are implicated in oral diseases. The development of dental caries involves acidogenic and aciduric Gram-positive bacteria (mutans streptococci, lactobacilli and actinomycetes). Periodontal diseases have been linked to anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis,Actinobacillus,PrevotellaandFusobacterium). Given the incidence of oral disease, increased resistance by bacteria to antibiotics, adverse affects of some antibacterial agents currently used in dentistry and financial considerations in developing countries, there is a need for alternative prevention and treatment options that are safe, effective and economical. While several agents are commercially available, these chemicals can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. Hence, the search for alternative products continues and natural phytochemicals isolated from plants used as traditional medicines are considered as good alternatives. In this review, plant extracts or phytochemicals that inhibit the growth of oral pathogens, reduce the development of biofilms and dental plaque, influence the adhesion of bacteria to surfaces and reduce the symptoms of oral diseases will be discussed further. Clinical studies that have investigated the safety and efficacy of such plant-derived medicines will also be described.

scholarly journals Application of nanoparticles in oral hygiene

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
In Vivo Studies

Many of more than 700 bacterial species inhabiting the oral cavity are opportunistic pathogens causing systemic infections in addition to dental and periodontal diseases. This renders oral hygiene a much serious issue, which is further exacerbated with the emergence of multiple antibiotic resistance in oral bacteria. The role of nanoparticles based materials especially metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as an effective and alternative/supplementary antimicrobial agent is now well established. These nanoparticles could be a healthier, innocuous and effective alternative for controlling both the dental biofilms and oral planktonic bacterial population with lesser side effects or antibiotic resistance. Antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles against a number of oral pathogens has already been demonstrated. When added to artificial dental materials and implants these nanoparticles improve the desirable physico-chemical properties of the materials in addition to improving their antimicrobial activity. Besides a few studies, biochemical processes underlying the antimicrobial activity of the nanoparticles against both planktonic cells and oral biofilms is not understood. Through our literature survey it is envisaged that ZnO nanoparticles and TiO2 nanoparticles are the most suitable nanoantibiotic for the development of dental pastes, mouthwashes, and other oral hygiene materials. However in vivo studies on nanotoxicity of these nanoparticles are missing and need a careful and balanced evaluation before successful clinical translations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document