scholarly journals Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications of Extracellular Vesicles in Interstitial Lung Diseases

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Abdulrahman Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim ◽  
Tanyalak Parimon
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Disease Assessment ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Application ◽  
Substantial Progress ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are chronic irreversible pulmonary conditions with significant morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic approaches to ILDs are complex and multifactorial. Effective therapeutic interventions are continuously investigated and explored with substantial progress, thanks to advances in basic understanding and translational efforts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) offer a new paradigm in diagnosis and treatment. This leads to two significant implications: new disease biomarker discovery that enables reliable diagnosis and disease assessment and the development of regenerative medicine therapeutics that target fibroproliferative processes in diseased lung tissue. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the role of diseased tissue-derived EVs in the development of interstitial lung diseases, the utility of these EVs as diagnostic and prognostic tools, and the existing therapeutic utility of EVs. Furthermore, we review the potential therapeutic application of EVs derived from various cellular sources.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Smoking-Mediated HIV Pathogenesis and their Potential Role in Biomarker Discovery and Therapeutic Interventions

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjana Haque ◽  
Sunitha Kodidela ◽  
Kelli Gerth ◽  
Elham Hatami ◽  
Neha Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Replication ◽  
Hiv Pathogenesis ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

In the last two decades, the mortality rate in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has decreased significantly, resulting in an almost normal longevity in this population. However, a large portion of this population still endures a poor quality of life, mostly due to an increased inclination for substance abuse, including tobacco smoking. The prevalence of smoking in PLWHA is consistently higher than in HIV negative persons. A predisposition to cigarette smoking in the setting of HIV potentially leads to exacerbated HIV replication and a higher risk for developing neurocognitive and other CNS disorders. Oxidative stress and inflammation have been identified as mechanistic pathways in smoking-mediated HIV pathogenesis and HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), packaged with oxidative stress and inflammatory agents, show promise in understanding the underlying mechanisms of smoking-induced HIV pathogenesis via cell-cell interactions. This review focuses on recent advances in the field of EVs with an emphasis on smoking-mediated HIV pathogenesis and HIV-associated neuropathogenesis. This review also provides an overview of the potential applications of EVs in developing novel therapeutic carriers for the treatment of HIV-infected individuals who smoke, and in the discovery of novel biomarkers that are associated with HIV-smoking interactions in the CNS.

scholarly journals Idiopatic pulmonary fibrosis: A new paradigm

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Avdeev
Keyword(s):  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Evidence

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ((IPF) is the most common disease from a group of interstitial lung diseases, which occurs mainly in middle-aged and elderly people. Over the past decade, there have been considerable changes in approaches to diagnosing and treating IPF. The paper presents an update on the epidemiology of IPF, the results of new studies of its pathogenesis, and main approaches to diagnosing the disease. In addition, there is new evidence on therapy for IPF.

scholarly journals Progressive Fibrosing Interstitial Lung Diseases: A Current Perspective

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Carlo Albera ◽  
Giulia Verri ◽  
Federico Sciarrone ◽  
Elena Sitia ◽  
Mauro Mangiapia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Current Perspective ◽  
Similar Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Disease Behavior ◽  
A Current

Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a large and diverse group of rare and chronic respiratory disorders, with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) being the most common and best-studied member. Increasing interest in fibrosis as a therapeutic target and the appreciation that fibrotic mechanisms may be a treatable target of IPF prompted the development and subsequent approval of the antifibrotics, pirfenidone and nintedanib. The management of ILDs has changed considerably following an understanding that IPF and some ILDs share similar disease behavior of progressive fibrosis, termed “progressive fibrosing phenotype”. Indeed, antifibrotic treatment has shown to be beneficial in ILDs characterized by the progressive fibrosing phenotype. This narrative review summarizes current knowledge in the field of progressive fibrosing ILDs. Here, we discuss the clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of lung fibrosis and highlight relevant literature concerning the mechanisms underlying progressive fibrosing ILDs. We also summarize current diagnostic approaches and the available treatments of progressive fibrosing ILDs and address the optimization of treating progressive fibrosing ILDs with antifibrotics in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles from Airway Secretions: New Insights in Lung Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Laura Pastor ◽  
Elisabeth Vera ◽  
Jose M. Marin ◽  
David Sanz-Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Lung diseases (LD) are one of the most common causes of death worldwide. Although it is known that chronic airway inflammation and excessive tissue repair are processes associated with LD such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), their specific pathways remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous nanoscale membrane vesicles with an important role in cell-to-cell communication. EVs are present in general biofluids as plasma or urine but also in secretions of the airway as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), induced sputum (IS), nasal lavage (NL) or pharyngeal lavage. Alterations of airway EV cargo could be crucial for understanding LD. Airway EVs have shown a role in the pathogenesis of some LD such as eosinophil increase in asthma, the promotion of lung cancer in vitro models in COPD and as biomarkers to distinguishing IPF in patients with diffuse lung diseases. In addition, they also have a promising future as therapeutics for LD. In this review, we focus on the importance of airway secretions in LD, the pivotal role of EVs from those secretions on their pathophysiology and their potential for biomarker discovery.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Approach to Interstitial Lung Diseases: Nothing Is Better than All of Us Together

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 488
Author(s):  
Carlo Vancheri ◽  
Antonio Basile
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Assessment ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Better Than

Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) are a large family of disorders characterized by inflammation and/or fibrosis of areas of the lung dedicated to gas exchange. In this Special Issue entitled “Clinical and Radiological Features of Interstitial Lung Diseases”, we collected a series of contributions in which a multidisciplinary approach was crucial for the correct diagnostic assessment of ILD. Sharing knowledge between different specialties can significantly improve diagnostic approaches and the management of ILD patients.

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles in Pulmonary Fibrosis Models and Biological Fluids of Interstitial Lung Disease Patients: A Scoping Review

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1401
Author(s):  
Miriana d’Alessandro ◽  
Laura Bergantini ◽  
Elena Bargagli ◽  
Silvia Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Intercellular Communication ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Matrix Deposition

Introduction: Interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of diffuse parenchymal lung disorders characterized by the pathogenetic involvement of interstitium. Therefore, an elucidation of the etiology and pathogenesis as well as the identification of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of such diseases is more compelling than ever. It is of note that there is increasing evidence of the involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of lung diseases including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary fibrosis. It has been speculated that EVs play a pivotal role as mediators of intercellular communication, as well as the highlighting of the role of EVs as co-operators in the development of lung diseases such as IPF. Methods: The present study aimed to carry out a systematic exploratory search of the literature (through the scoping review approach) to identify and systematize the main results of the pathogenetic role of EVs in pulmonary fibrosis models and biological fluids from ILD patients, including plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and sputum. Conclusion: Fibroblast-to-mesenchymal differentiation, collagen and extracellular matrix deposition are key mechanisms in the development and progression of IPF. EV-coupled miRNA are important modulators of biological processes in terms of intercellular communication as shown in pulmonary fibrosis models as well as biofluids. The helpfulness of EVs as diagnostic and theranostic markers is worth further investigation. The evolving potential of EVs to translate effective EV-based therapies into clinical practice is of growing interest, due to the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies for IPF patients.

Lung ultrasound in the evaluation of interstitial lung diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
N Buda ◽  
M Piskunowicz ◽  
M Porzezińska ◽  
W Kosiak ◽  
Z Zdrojewski
Keyword(s):  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Interstitial Lung Diseases
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