scholarly journals Can Automated Hematology Analyzers Predict the Presence of a Genetic Hemoglobinopathy? An Analysis of Hematological Biomarkers in Cambodian Women

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Lulu X. Pei ◽  
Tebogo T. Leepile ◽  
Kelsey M. Cochrane ◽  
Kaitlyn L. I. Samson ◽  
Jordie A. J. Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Variable Model ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Selection Strategies ◽  
Hematology Analyzers ◽  
Rbc Count

Genetic hemoglobinopathies are the most common single-gene disorder worldwide. Some automated hematology analyzers have the capability of flagging individuals who may have hematological disorders based on complete blood count (CBC) biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a hematology analyzer in identifying genetic hemoglobinopathies in Cambodian women and to determine which hematological biomarkers are the best predictors. A CBC was completed using a Sysmex XN-1000 analyzer and hemoglobinopathies were determined with capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis for 808 nonpregnant Cambodian women. Sysmex XN-1000 Interpretive Program (IP) messages, which flag potential hematological disorders, were produced from CBC results. Then, 2 × 2 tables were used to determine sensitivity and specificity of the IP message “Hemoglobin defect” to detect a genetic hemoglobinopathy. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses assessed the diagnostic ability of six CBC biomarkers to predict a genetic hemoglobinopathy. In total, 74% of women had a hemoglobinopathy (predominantly Hb E and α-thalassemia). “Hb defect” IP message sensitivity and specificity for genetic hemoglobinopathy detection were 10.4% and 98.6%, respectively. Variable selection strategies yielded a two-variable model including mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and red blood cell (RBC) count (AIC = 99.83, AUCROC = 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97, 0.99)) for the prediction of a homozygous EE disorder. Sensitivity and specificity values do not justify the use of Sysmex XN-1000 IP flag messages for identification of genetic hemoglobinopathies in Cambodian women. Development of an algorithm based on MCV and RBC biomarkers may optimize the screening ability of automated hematology analyzers.

scholarly journals Prediction of anemia at delivery

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enav Yefet ◽  
Avishag Yossef ◽  
Zohar Nachum
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Iron Supplement ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Operating Characteristic Curve ◽  
Study Database

AbstractWe aimed to assess risk factors for anemia at delivery by conducting a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study database including 1527 women who delivered vaginally ≥ 36 gestational weeks. Anemia (Hemoglobin (Hb) < 10.5 g/dL) was assessed at delivery. A complete blood count results during pregnancy as well as maternal and obstetrical characteristics were collected. The primary endpoint was to determine the Hb cutoff between 24 and 30 gestational weeks that is predictive of anemia at delivery by using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Independent risk factors for anemia at delivery were assessed using stepwise multivariable logistic regression. Hb and infrequent iron supplement treatment were independent risk factors for anemia at delivery (OR 0.3 95%CI [0.2–0.4] and OR 2.4 95%CI [1.2–4.8], respectively; C statistics 83%). Hb 10.6 g/dL was an accurate cutoff to predict anemia at delivery (AUC 80% 95%CI 75–84%; sensitivity 75% and specificity 74%). Iron supplement was beneficial to prevent anemia regardless of Hb value. Altogether, Hb should be routinely tested between 24 and 30 gestational weeks to screen for anemia. A flow chart for anemia screening and treatment during pregnancy is proposed in the manuscript.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02434653.

scholarly journals Diagnostic performances of manual and automated reticulocyte parameters in anaemic cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Paltrinieri ◽  
Marco Fossati ◽  
Valentina Menaballi
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Instrumental Measurement ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Reticulocyte Production

Objectives The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performances of manual and instrumental measurement of reticulocyte percentage (Ret%), reticulocyte number (Ret#) and reticulocyte production index (RPI) to differentiate regenerative anaemia (RA) from non-regenerative anaemia (NRA) in cats. Methods Data from 106 blood samples from anaemic cats with manual counts (n = 74; 68 NRA, six RA) or instrumental counts of reticulocytes (n = 32; 25 NRA, seven RA) collected between 1995 and 2013 were retrospectively analysed. Sensitivity, specificity and positive likelihood ratio (LR+) were calculated using either cut-offs reported in the literature or cut-offs determined from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results All the reticulocyte parameters were significantly higher in cats with RA than in cats with NRA. All the ROC curves were significantly different ( P <0.001) from the line of no discrimination, without significant differences between the three parameters. Using the cut-offs published in literature, the Ret% (cut-off: 0.5%) was sensitive (100%) but not specific (<75%), the RPI (cut-off: 1.0) was specific (>92%) but not sensitive (<15%), and the Ret# (cut-off: 50 × 10³/µl) had a sensitivity and specificity >80% and the highest LR+ (manual count: 14; instrumental count: 6). For all the parameters, sensitivity and specificity approached 100% using the cut-offs determined by the ROC curves. These cut-offs were higher than those reported in the literature for Ret% (manual: 1.70%; instrumental: 3.06%), lower for RPI (manual: 0.39; instrumental: 0.59) and variably different, depending on the method (manual: 41 × 10³/µl; instrumental: 57 × 10³/µl), for Ret#. Using these cut-offs, the RPI had the highest LR+ (manual: 22.7; instrumental: 12.5). Conclusions and relevance This study indicated that all the reticulocyte parameters may confirm regeneration when the pretest probability is high, while when this probability is moderate, RA should be identified using the RPI providing that cut-offs <1.0 are used.

scholarly journals Clinical utility of microRNA-451 as diagnostic biomarker for human cancers

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanzhan Li ◽  
Yanyan Li ◽  
Jun Fu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Liangfang Shen
Keyword(s):  
Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Positive Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Negative Likelihood Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Odds Ratio ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

AbstractWe conducted comprehensive analyses to assess the diagnostic ability of miRNA-451 in cancers. A systematic online search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, China’s national knowledge infrastructure, and VIP databases from inception to July 31, 2017. The bivariate random effect model was used for calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and area under cure (AUC). The whole pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (0.77–0.90) and 0.85 (0.78–0.90) with their 95% confidence interval (95%CI), respectively. The pooled AUC was 0.91 (95%CI: 0.89–0.94). Positive likelihood ratio was 5.57 (95%CI: 3.74–8.31), negative likelihood ratio was 0.18 (95%CI: 0.11–0.28), and diagnostic odds ratio was 31.33 (95%CI: 15.19–64.61). Among Asian population, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.85 (95%CI: 0.77–0.91) and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.78–0.91), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were 5.87 (95%CI: 3.78–9.12) and 0.17 (95%CI: 0.11–0.28). The diagnostic odds ratio and AUC were 34.31 (15.51–75.91) and 0.92 (0.89–0.94). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, diagnostic odds ratio, and AUC for digestive system cancer were 0.83, 0.88, 6.87, 0.20, 35.13, and 0.92, respectively. The other cancers were 0.87, 0.81, 4.55, 0.16, 28.51, and 0.90, respectively. For sample source, the results still remain consistent. Our results indicated miRNA-451 has a moderate diagnostic ability for cancers, and could be a potential early screening biomarker, and considered as an adjuvant diagnostic index when being combined with other clinical examinations.

scholarly journals Comparison of Photopic Negative Response of Full-Field and Focal Electroretinograms in Detecting Glaucomatous Eyes

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeki Machida ◽  
Kunifusa Tamada ◽  
Taku Oikawa ◽  
Yasutaka Gotoh ◽  
Tomoharu Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Negative Response ◽  
Photopic Negative Response ◽  
Diagnostic Ability ◽  
Full Field ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Advanced Glaucoma ◽  
Blue Background ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Purpose. To compare the photopic negative response (PhNR) of the full-field electroretinogram (ERG) to the PhNR of the focal ERGs in detecting glaucoma.Methods. One hundred and three eyes with glaucoma and 42 normal eyes were studied. Full-field ERGs were elicited by red stimuli on a blue background. The focal ERGs were elicited by a15∘white stimulus spot centered on the macula, the superotemporal or the inferotemporal areas of the macula.Results. In early glaucoma, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were significantly larger for the focal PhNR (0.863–0.924) than those for the full-field PhNR (0.666–0.748) (P<.05). The sensitivity was significantly higher for the focal PhNR than for the full-field PhNR in early (P<.01) and intermediate glaucoma (P<.05). In advanced glaucoma, there was no difference in the AUCs and sensitivities between the focal and full-field PhNRs.Conclusions. The focal ERG has the diagnostic ability with higher sensitivity in detecting early and intermediate glaucoma than the full-field ERG.

A comparative study of bone marrow aspirate with trephine biopsy in pancytopenia disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-206
Author(s):  
Kavya J ◽  
Kalpana Kumari MK
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Bone Marrow Aspiration ◽  
Bone Marrow Examination ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Trephine Biopsy ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

Pancytopenia is commonly reported in clinical hematology practice. Due to its varied marrow pathology and underlying ailments, diagnosis is often misleading and delayed. Bone marrow examination would provide a comprehensive diagnosis of both blood and bone marrow, since aspirate investigates the cytological morphology and biopsy evaluates the cellularity, architecture, and compact marrows.To compare bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy results in the diagnosis of pancytopenia, and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of aspirate examination in pancytopenia diagnosis.This prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital from July 2014 to June 2016. A total of 320 samples were received at the department of pathology for bone marrow examination (aspirate and biopsy). Romanowsky (Leishman) stain was used to investigate aspirate samples. All biopsy samples were processed into 3-5 μ blocks and stained using hematoxylin and eosin after decalcification with 5.5% EDTA. Data analysis was performed using SPSS19.Pancytopenia constituted 56 (18.7%) cases with the mean age of 41.79 years. Of the total pancytopenia cases, hematological disorders constituted 50 (89.3%) cases and 6 (10.7%) were non-hematological cases. Aspirate and biopsy diagnosis positively correlated in 76.79% of cases. A 100% sensitivity and specificity of aspirate diagnosis was observed in, acute myeloid leukemia, hypersplenism, myelodysplastic syndrome, megaloblastic anemia, hematological malignancy in remission and negative for lymphoma infiltrate. Aspirate had no role in diagnosis of uremic osteodystrophy and myelofibrosis, whereas leishmaniasis was diagnosed on aspirate alone.Pancytopenia includes multiple underlying ailments which requires a differential diagnosis approach. Combining both aspirate and biopsy for diagnosis would benefit the patient in prognosis as they are complementary to each other.

scholarly journals Comparison of 2 ELISAs for detecting exposure to Brucella ovis

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-705
Author(s):  
Molly J. Elderbrook ◽  
Brant A. Schumaker ◽  
Massaro W. Ueti ◽  
Meila Bastos de Almeida ◽  
Thallitha S. W. J. Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Cutoff Value ◽  
Brucella Ovis ◽  
Cutoff Values ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference

Control of Brucella ovis infection in sheep flocks in the United States depends on early detection of B. ovis antibodies via serologic testing. We used 2,276 sheep sera and various cutoff values to compare seroprevalence and agreement between 2 ELISAs: the National Veterinary Services Laboratories (NVSL) B. ovis indirect ELISA and the IDEXX B. ovis ELISA kit. A subset of 295 sera was used to compare agreement and evaluate relative sensitivity and specificity of the 2 ELISAs with an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test kit. There was no significant difference in B. ovis seroprevalence between the ELISAs; however, there was poor agreement between them. When the AGID test was used as the reference test, the IDEXX ELISA with a moderate cutoff value (S/P ratio = 45%) had the highest relative sensitivity of 38.1% and specificity of 92.0%. The NVSL ELISA with a lax cutoff value (S/P ratio = 0.75) had relative sensitivity of 19.1% and specificity of 94.6%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that optimal cutoff values for the NVSL and IDEXX ELISAs were 0.091 and 16.5%, respectively. This results in sensitivity and specificity of 85.7% and 31.8% for the NVSL ELISA, and sensitivity and specificity of 81.0% and 53.6% for the IDEXX ELISA, respectively.

scholarly journals Accuracy and adequacy of waist circumference cut-off points currently recommended in Brazilian adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Avila Vianna ◽  
Rogério da Silva Linhares ◽  
Renata Moraes Bielemann ◽  
Eduardo Coelho Machado ◽  
David Alejandro González-Chica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Youden Index ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Receiver Operating

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the adequacy and accuracy of cut-off values currently recommended by the WHO for assessment of cardiovascular risk in southern Brazil.DesignPopulation-based study aimed at determining the predictive ability of waist circumference for cardiovascular risk based on the use of previous medical diagnosis for hypertension, diabetes mellitus and/or dyslipidaemia. Descriptive analysis was used for the adequacy of current cut-off values of waist circumference, receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed and the most accurate criteria according to the Youden index and points of optimal sensitivity and specificity were identified.SettingPelotas, southern Brazil.SubjectsIndividuals (n2112) aged ≥20 years living in the city were selected by multistage sampling, since these individuals did not report the presence of previous myocardial infarction, angina pectoris or stroke.ResultsThe cut-off values currently recommended by WHO were more appropriate in men than women, with overestimation of cardiovascular risk in women. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve showed moderate predictive ability of waist circumference in men (0·74, 95 % CI 0·71, 0·76) and women (0·75, 95 % CI 0·73, 0·77). The method of optimal sensitivity and specificity showed better performance in assessing the accuracy, identifying the values of 95 cm in men and 87 cm in women as the best cut-off values of waist circumference to assess cardiovascular risk.ConclusionsThe cut-off values currently recommended for waist circumference are not suitable for women. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to evaluate the consistency of the findings.

Performance of Serum Glypican 3 in Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 0-10
Author(s):  
Dahai Xu ◽  
Chang Su ◽  
Liang Sun ◽  
Yuanyuan Gao ◽  
Youjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Non Invasive

Introduction and aim. Serum glypican-3 (GPC3) has been explored as a non-invasive biomarker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, controversy remains on its diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and metaanalysis to evaluate the differential diagnostic accuracy of serum GPC3 between HCC and liver cirrhosis (LC) cases. Material and methods. After the strict filtering and screening of studies from NCBI, PUBMED, Clinical Trials, Cochrane library, Embase, Prospero and Web of Science databases, 11 studies were selected. All studies provided the sensitivity and specificity of GPC3 and the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the HCC and LC diagnosis. The sensitivity and specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were determined and compared between GPC3 and AFP, which was set as a positive control. Results. Pooled sensitivity (95% CI) and specificity (95% CI) were 0.55 (0.52-0.58) and 0.58 (0.54-0.61) for GPC3, 0.54 (0.51-0.57) and 0.83 (0.80-0.85) for AFP, and 0.85 (0.81-0.89) and 0.79 (0.73-0.84) for GPC3 + AFP, respectively. The AUCs of GPC3, AFP and GPC3 + AFP were 0.7793, 0.7867 and 0.9366, respectively. GPC3 had a nearly similar sensitivity as AFP, while the specificity and AUC of GPC3 was lower than that of AFP. The combination of GPC3 and AFP yielded a better sensitivity and AUC than GPC3 or AFP. Conclusion. Serum GPC3 is inferior to AFP in the differential diagnosis between HCC and LC. However, the combination of GPC3 and AFP exhibited a much better performance.

New Scaphocephaly Severity Indices of Sagittal Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Study with Cranial Index Quantifications

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvador Ruiz-Correa ◽  
Raymond W. Sze ◽  
Jacqueline R. Starr ◽  
Hen-Tzu J. Lin ◽  
Matthew L. Speltz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Operating Characteristic ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Base Plane ◽  
Sagittal Synostosis ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Cranial Index

Objective To describe a novel set of scaphocephaly severity indices (SSIs) for predicting and quantifying head- and skull-shape deformity in children diagnosed with isolated sagittal synostosis (ISS) and compare their sensitivity and specificity with those of the traditional cranial index (CI). Methods Computed tomography head scans were obtained from 60 patients diagnosed with ISS and 41 age-matched control patients. Volumetric reformations of the skull and overlying skin were used to trace two-dimensional planes defined in terms of skull-base plane and internal or surface landmarks. For each patient, novel SSIs were computed as the ratio of head width and length as measured on each of these planes. A traditional CI was also calculated and a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was applied to compare the sensitivity and specificity of the proposed indices with those of CI. Results Although the CI is a sensitive measure of scaphocephaly, it is not specific and therefore not a suitable predictor of ISS in many practical applications. The SSI-A provides a specificity of 95% at a sensitivity level of 98%, in contrast with the 68% of CI. On average, the sensitivity and specificity of all proposed indices are superior to those of CI. Conclusions Measurements of cranial width and length derived from planes that are defined in terms of internal or surface landmarks and skull-base plane produce SSIs that outperform traditional CI measurements.

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