scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka: Hematological Changes and Pro-Inflammation Suggest Likely Predictors of Advance Disease, as Renal Outcomes Show Prevalent Normoalbuminuria

Diseases ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
S. H. Nandana P. Gunawickrama ◽  
K. Imesha G. Hewavitharana ◽  
P. G. Chandra L. Nanayakkara ◽  
K. B. Suneetha Gunawickrama
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Hematological Changes ◽  
Cell Profile

CKDu needs to be characterized in fundamental areas to improve etiological understanding and disease management. In a cross-sectional study, blood cell profile and plasma inflammatory cytokines were followed by automated analysis and sandwich ELISA, respectively. Disease development stages and proteinuria were ascertained by eGFR and UACR. Comparison among control and stages (ANOVA/Dunnett’s MRT) revealed time-specific changes (p < 0.05), including decreased erythrocytes (G5) and hematocrit (G5), and increased MCHC (G3b, G4), MCV (G5), and MCH (G5). CKDu decreased (p < 0.05) lymphocytes (G3b, G4, G5), monocytes (G3b), MPV (G3b, G4, G5), and plateletcrit (G3b, G4), and increased basophils (G3a, G3b, G4), N/L (G4) and PLR (G4–G5). MCHC and aforesaid leukocyte variables were in correlation (rho > ±0.03, p < 0.05, Pearson’s test) with disease development. MCP-1 and IL-6 spiked (p > 0.05) at G3b. Multivariate analyses confirmed that MCP-1, lymphocytes, and BMI were related to renal dysfunction, pointing to inflammation, compromised immunity, and muscle wasting as CKDu effects. Nonproteinuric CKDu was prevalent (23.2–35.6% of total CKDu) with (p < 0.05) elevated basophils (G3a), N/L (G4), and depleted lymphocytes (G4). In both forms, G1–G2 were unaffected, and the earliest change was G3a basophils. Results suggest that MCP-1, lymphocyte count, N/L, and PLR may verify the stage and predict impending ESRD in advance proteinuric CKDu.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Undernutrition at Admission Among Adult Hospitalized Patients at a Referral Hospital in Indonesia

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 215824402098331
Author(s):  
Nur Chandra Bunawan ◽  
Dwi Suseno ◽  
Drupadi H. S. Dillon ◽  
Ikhwan Rinaldi ◽  
Dyah Purnamasari
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Initial Hospital ◽  
Comorbidity Index

Patients with undernutrition at admission have higher risks to worsen their nutritional status, which is linked to an increase in morbidity and mortality. This study investigated the prevalence of undernutrition at admission and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients aged 18 to 59 years old in Internal Medicine ward at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, between July and September 2019. Factors that might be associated with undernutrition at admission, such as age, sex, marital status, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and type of comorbidity, depression, and neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), were assessed. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine the associated factors. Sixty hospitalized patients with median age of 42 years and 76.7% with married status joined the study. The most common reason for hospitalization was acute gastrointestinal disease with gallstones as the most common comorbidity. Undernutrition exists in 26.7% of subjects. High CCI score was observed among 11.7% subjects and half of subjects had NLR category ≥5. Bivariate analysis revealed that unmarried status, age ≥40 years, and malignancy were associated with undernutrition at admission. Logistic regression analysis showed malignancy as an independent predictor of undernutrition during the initial hospital admission (odds ratio [OR] = 11.8; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.1, 125.7]). The prevalence of undernutrition at admission was 26.7%. Factors associated with an increased prevalence of undernutrition at admission were age <40 years, unmarried status, and malignancy. Malignancy was an independent factor of the prevalence of undernutrition at admission.

Abstract 13362: Socio-ecological Variables Influenced Moderate-to-vigorous Intensity Physical Activity Levels Amongst Hospital-based Nurses: A Multi-site Study

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Law ◽  
daniele chirico ◽  
Tasuku Terada ◽  
Stephanie Prince Ware ◽  
jordan bernick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ecological Variables ◽  
Vigorous Intensity ◽  
Common Barriers

Introduction: Previous research has shown that nurses are not meeting recommended moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) guidelines (≥150 minutes/week) for optimal cardiovascular disease risk reduction. Socio-ecological approaches have been used to explore the determinants of PA levels. We examined personal, social and environmental factors associated with the MVPA levels of Canadian nurses. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a multi-site cross-sectional study was undertaken. Nurses were recruited from 14 hospitals in Ontario, Canada. An accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X) was used to measure MVPA levels (minutes/day). Socio-ecological variables were derived from sociodemographic, anthropometric and cardiometabolic data, and questionnaires assessing determinants of PA (Table 1). Multivariate generalized estimating equations (GEE) were used to explore associations between socio-ecological variables and MVPA levels while accounting for hospital sites. Variables were selected for multivariate analyses if they were significant ( p <0.05) in univariate analyses. Results: A total of 257 nurses (42±12 years) had complete accelerometer (≥10 hours of wear time for ≥4 days) and questionnaire data. Of these nurses, 54% were overweight/obese and 6% were smokers. Multivariate analyses showed positive associations between MVPA levels and high perceived capability to exercise despite common barriers (e.g. poor weather; β=0.13, p =0.02) and feeling connected to their exercise peers (β=1.34, p =0.01). Greater shiftwork associated daytime sleepiness and/or insomnia were inversely associated with MVPA levels (β=-4.87, p <0.01). Conclusion: Future endeavors to accentuate nurses’ PA levels should address modifiable socio-ecological variables such as encouraging exercise despite common barriers, and with peers to whom they feel connected. Nurses should consider increasing time spent engaging in MVPA to minimize the negative effects of shiftwork.

scholarly journals Association between circulating alpha-1 antitrypsin polymers and lung and liver disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Núñez ◽  
Irene Belmonte ◽  
Elena Miranda ◽  
Miriam Barrecheguren ◽  
Georgina Farago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Liver Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Impaired Lung Function ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Abstract Background Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is considered one of the most common genetic diseases and is characterised by the misfolding and polymerisation of the alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein within hepatocytes. The relevance of circulating polymers (CP) of AAT in the pathogenesis of lung and liver disease is not completely understood. Therefore, the main objective of our study was to determine whether there is an association between the levels of CP of AAT and the severity of lung and liver disease. Method This was a cross-sectional study in patients with different phenotypes of AATD and controls. To quantify CP, a sandwich ELISA was performed using the 2C1 monoclonal antibody against AAT polymers. Sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics, and liver and lung parameters were collected. Results A cohort of 70 patients was recruited: 32 Pi*ZZ (11 on augmentation therapy); 29 Z-heterozygous; 9 with other genotypes. CP were compared with a control group of 47 individuals (35 Pi*MM and 12 Pi*MS). ZZ patients had the highest concentrations of CP (p < 0.001) followed by Z heterozygous. The control group and patients with Pi*SS and Pi*SI had the lowest CP concentrations. Pi*ZZ also had higher levels of liver stiffness measurements (LSM) than the remaining AATD patients. Among patients with one or two Z alleles, two patients with lung and liver impairment showed the highest concentrations of CP (47.5 µg/mL), followed by those with only liver abnormality (n = 6, CP = 34 µg/mL), only lung (n = 18, CP = 26.5 µg/mL) and no abnormalities (n = 23, CP = 14.3 µg/mL). Differences were highly significant (p = 0.004). Conclusions Non-augmented Pi*ZZ and Z-patients with impaired lung function and increased liver stiffness presented higher levels of CP than other clinical phenotypes. Therefore, CP may help to identify patients more at risk of developing lung and liver disease and may provide some insight into the mechanisms of disease.

scholarly journals Etiological patterns of polyneuropathy in a tertiary level hospital of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Makhan Lal Paul ◽  
Monoj Sinha ◽  
Ahsan Habib ◽  
Lubna Khondker ◽  
Md Mahabubur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Muscle Cramp ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Etiological Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical University

The causes of polyneuropathy are many and it is important to identify them, as some of them, especially the inflammatory types are treatable. To explore the different etiological factors of polyneuropathy, this cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Neurology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka. Data were collected by taking medical history and clinical examination and subsequent laboratory investigations. A total of 60 subjects were included in this study and mean age of the entire patient was 42.25 year. Out of all respondents, 83.3% had muscle weakness, similar number had problems with object handling, 66.3% had muscle cramp, 63.3% had impaired standing or gait, 55.0% had distal paraesthesia, 41.7% had burning feet, 8.3% had restless legs and 5.0% had stiffness. Out of all patients of polyneuropathy, 33.3% had diabetic neuropathy, 11.7% had Guillain-Barré syndrome, 10.0% had chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, similar number had unknown etiology, 6.7% had charcot-marry-tooth disease disease, 6.7% had renal failure, 5.0% had leprosy, Vitamin B 12 deficiency and chronic liver disease of each, 3.3% had history of isoniazide drug intake and similar had systemic lupus erythromatosus. We conclude that, polyneuropathy has wide variety of etiological factors. Among them, diabetes is the most common factor. Further large controlled study is needed to establish the etiological pattern in the context of Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmj.v43i1.21371 Bangladesh Med J. 2014 January; 43 (1): 17-20

scholarly journals Exposure to Hantavirus is a Risk Factor Associated with Kidney Diseases in Sri Lanka: A Cross Sectional Study

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarathkumara ◽  
Gamage ◽  
Lokupathirage ◽  
Muthusinghe ◽  
Nanayakkara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Hantavirus Infection ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) imposes a substantial burden on public health in Sri Lankan agricultural communities. High seroprevalences of hantavirus have been reported in CKDu patients in several locations of Sri Lanka. We carried out a cross-sectional study followed by an unmatched case-control comparison in two geographically distinct areas of Sri Lanka, Girandurukotte (CKDu endemic) and Kandy (CKDu non-endemic) to determine whether exposure to hantaviruses is a potential risk factor in patients with kidney disease. An indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay using two antigens, Thailand orthohantavirus-infected and recombinant N protein-expressing Vero E6 cells, were used for serodiagnosis. Participants’ demographic and other socio-economic data were collected through a structured questionnaire. Fifty kidney disease patients and 270 controls from Kandy and 104 kidney disease patients and 242 controls from Girandurukotte were examined. Seropositivities were 50% and 17.4% in kidney patients and controls, respectively, in Girandurukotte, and they were 18% and 7% in Kandy. The odds of exposure to hantaviruses were higher for kidney disease patients than for controls in both Girandurukotte (OR:3.66, 95% CI:2.01 to 6.64) and Kandy (OR:2.64, 95% CI:1.07 to 6.54) in binary logistic regression models. According to statistical analysis, individuals exposed to hantaviruses had a higher risk of developing renal impairment. Therefore, hantavirus infection might be an important risk factor for development of kidney disease in Sri Lanka.

Awareness and attitude of cancer patients about participation in clinical research (CR) in Saudi Arabia.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17528-e17528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagham Ramzi Sheblaq ◽  
Sara Traifi ◽  
Moahmmed Al Sakiani ◽  
Ahmed Gasmelseed ◽  
Mostafa A Abolfotouh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review

e17528 Background: Enrollment of patients in CR may be impacted by their levels of awareness and attitude toward participation. Our study aims at assessing the awareness and willingness to participate in CR and identifying the barriers and influencing factors for participation. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using an interview-based questionnaire composed of close-ended questions conducted by trained research coordinators. Descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate analyses were applied. Results: A total of 300 patients were enrolled in the study with a median age of 53.6 (42.2 - 64.0), and 188 patients (62.67%) were females. The majority of patients 289 (97.31%) were not aware of what is institutional review board. On the other hand, 226 (75.33%) showed interest in CR participation, if offered. The trust in treating physician (88.33 %) and the belief that participation in CR offers a better chance of cure (73.14%) were the two most important influencing factors to participate, while the preference of receiving standard treatment (43.13%) and the unknown efficacy of treatment (40.32%) were the top two barriers to participate. In univarate analyses, patients younger than 45 years (p<0.015) and those with higher education (more than middle school) (p<0.022) were significantly more interested in CR participation. However; in a multivariate analysis, higher education was the only significant predictor of interest to participate (p<0.023). Conclusions: There is an apparent gap in cancer patients’ awareness about CR. However, there is an obvious interest in participation in CR especially in patients with higher education level. Enhancing public awareness is crucial to improve CR participation.

A1.25 B-Cell profile in RA patients treated with two different biological therapeutic targets: anti-TNF and anti-IL6R. a cross-sectional study

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. A10.2-A11
Author(s):  
Diana Hernández ◽  
Lara Valor ◽  
Inmaculada de la Torre ◽  
Tamara del Río ◽  
Lina Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cell Profile

scholarly journals Depression Associated With COVID-19 and its Impact on Physical Activities of Young Adults of Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bakhtawar Samejo ◽  
Sajida Bibi Noonari ◽  
Sikander Munir Memon ◽  
Dua-e- Noor
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Respiratory Illnesses ◽  
Daily Routines

Introduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a cluster of acute respiratory illnesses with unknown etiology, which firstly appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019. All educational institutes of Pakistan were completely closed from March 13, 2020, to August 15, 2020. This condition disturbs the daily routines of children with mental health needs. This sudden closure limited their physical activities in their routine life. This study aims to observe the depression associated with COVID-19 and its impact on the physical activities of young adults of Pakistan. Materials and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 young adults. A modified depression scale was used to assess depression, and the revised physical activity questionnaire was used to evaluate the physical activity of Pakistani young adults in the past month. Results: About 57.8% of the samples were sometimes  sad; 44.5% sometimes  felt grouchy in the mood; 43.8% never felt hopeless about the future. Also, 32.6% sometimes slept less or more than usual, 35.9% sometimes had difficulty concentrating on their work, 48.7% slept 6-8 hours per day. Besides, 49% engaged 1-3 hours in work or study per day; 43.2% watched TV, sat quietly, or listened to music for 1-3 hours. About 57.8% engaged less than 1 hour per week in light physical activities. Also, 77.9% engaged for less than 1 hour per week in moderately strenuous activities. Conclusion: Depression could be highly associated with the COVID-19 outbreak, and it might affect the physical activities of young adults.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Common Candida Species in Oral Lichen Planus Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in South of Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-5
Author(s):  
Hooman Ebrahimi ◽  
Keyvan Pakshir ◽  
Sara Pourshahidi ◽  
Kamyar Zomorodian ◽  
Maryam Saki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lichen Planus ◽  
Oral Lichen Planus ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Colony Color ◽  
Oral Lichen

Background: Lichen Planus is a common mucocutaneous disease with unknown etiology. Immunodeficiency is a known predisposing factor to this disease. Oral Candidiasis which is an opportunistic fungal infection, commonly affects healthy and immune-compromised patients. Candida has different species bearing different treatments. In this study, researchers aimed to detect the frequency and colonization rate of Candida and its association with different factors such as lesion types of oral lichen Planus (OLP).Materials and Methods: Thirty seven untreated oral lichen Planus patients, attending the Clinical Department of Oral Medicine at Shiraz Dental School in 2011, were selected. Swab method and CHROMagar media were used to obtain samples incubated for 48 hours at 30 ºC. Fungal species were detected considering colony color changes.Results: In the culture test, approximately 80% of samples were positive of non-reticular type. About 40% of positive samples were of Candida non-albicans (C.Non-albicans) type. Among C. Non-albicans, 85% were non-reticular type among OLP patients. There was no significant statistical difference in prevalence of Candida albicans (C.albicans) and C. Non-albicans in OLP patients.Conclusion: Based on results, certain biotypes of Candida were not confirmed responsible for OLP patterns.[GMJ.2014;3(4):252-5]

scholarly journals 25(OH)D Inadequacy Has Different Pathway with VEGF in Increases the Risk of Severe Preeclampsia

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Hanifa Erlin Damayanti ◽  
Aditiawarman Aditiawarman
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chemiluminescent Immunoassay ◽  
Risk Of Preeclampsia

Objectives: To identify in vivo correlation between 25(OH)D and VEGF in severe preeclampsia.Materials and Methods: A case control, cross sectional study of 36 pregnant women which consist of 18 patients with preeclampsia and 18 patients as control with gestational age-matched. We perform 25(OH)D serum examination by chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) and VEGF serum examination by sandwich ELISA to all patients.Results: All patients are in 25(OH)D insufficiency and deficiency state. Both maternal 25(OH)D and VEGF levels were inversely associated with the risk of preeclampsia (both P<0.05). There is no correlation between 25(OH)D serum level and VEGF serum level (P=0,629).Conclusion: Maternal vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased preeclampsia risk. However, our data do not support the hypothesis that the association between vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia is mediated by impaired level of VEGF.

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