scholarly journals The Entropy Universe

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ribeiro ◽  
Teresa Henriques ◽  
Luísa Castro ◽  
André Souto ◽  
Luís Antunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Mathematical Linguistics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Fields

About 160 years ago, the concept of entropy was introduced in thermodynamics by Rudolf Clausius. Since then, it has been continually extended, interpreted, and applied by researchers in many scientific fields, such as general physics, information theory, chaos theory, data mining, and mathematical linguistics. This paper presents The Entropy Universe, which aims to review the many variants of entropies applied to time-series. The purpose is to answer research questions such as: How did each entropy emerge? What is the mathematical definition of each variant of entropy? How are entropies related to each other? What are the most applied scientific fields for each entropy? We describe in-depth the relationship between the most applied entropies in time-series for different scientific fields, establishing bases for researchers to properly choose the variant of entropy most suitable for their data. The number of citations over the past sixteen years of each paper proposing a new entropy was also accessed. The Shannon/differential, the Tsallis, the sample, the permutation, and the approximate entropies were the most cited ones. Based on the ten research areas with the most significant number of records obtained in the Web of Science and Scopus, the areas in which the entropies are more applied are computer science, physics, mathematics, and engineering. The universe of entropies is growing each day, either due to the introducing new variants either due to novel applications. Knowing each entropy’s strengths and of limitations is essential to ensure the proper improvement of this research field.

Domestic violence in pregnancy

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loraine Bacchus ◽  
Susan Bewley ◽  
Gill Mezey
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Demographic Patterns ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Definitions of domestic violence vary according to the frequency, severity and nature of the violence as well as the context in which it occurred and the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. Though there is a lack of uniformity, a generally accepted definition of domestic violence is the physical, sexual or emotional abuse of an adult woman by a man with whom she has or has had an intimate relationship, regardless of whether the couple are living together. Although violence can be carried out by other family members or occur in same-sex relationships, it is argued that men use violence in order to maintain dominance and control over their female partners. Physical violence is just one of the many tactics that an abuser may use to exert control over his partner. Other behaviours include isolation, intimidation, threats of violence, threats to take the children away or hurt them and emotional or economic abuse. Whilst some studies have identified demographic patterns associated with domestic violence, it can affect any woman regardless of age, race, ethnicity, social class, employment status, religion, marital status or disability.

scholarly journals Protein Evolution Depends on Multiple Distinct Population Size Parameters

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Platt ◽  
Claudia C Weber ◽  
David A Liberles
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Protein Evolution ◽  
Functional Constraints ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Coding Sequences ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Evolution Of Proteins ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
New Mutations

AbstractThat population size affects the fate of new mutations arising in genomes, modulating both how frequently they arise and how efficiently natural selection is able to filter them, is well established. It is therefore clear that these distinct roles for population size that characterize different processes should affect the evolution of proteins and need to be carefully defined. Empirical evidence is consistent with a role for demography in influencing protein evolution, supporting the idea that functional constraints alone do not determine the composition of coding sequences.Given that the relationship between population size, mutant fitness and fixation probability has been well characterized, estimating fitness from observed substitutions is well within reach with well-formulated models. Molecular evolution research has, therefore, increasingly begun to leverage concepts from population genetics to quantify the selective effects associated with different classes of mutation. However, in order for this type of analysis to provide meaningful information about the intra- and inter-specific evolution of coding sequences, a clear definition of concepts of population size, what they influence, and how they are best parameterized is essential.Here, we present an overview of the many distinct concepts that “population size” and “effective population size” may refer to, what they represent for studying proteins, and how this knowledge can be harnessed to produce better specified models of protein evolution.

scholarly journals Multidisciplinary Nature of the Psycholinguistic Discourse Neuroeconomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 262-286
Author(s):  
Tamara Tkach ◽  
Anatoliy Tkach ◽  
Ivan Rekun
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Multidisciplinary Nature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Scientific Fields

Introduction. The article is devoted to the issues of multidisciplinary interaction in new scientific fields, which involve a wide variety of convergences, no matter how strange at first glance they may seem. One of these phenomena is the interaction of psycholinguistics and neuroeconomics. The goal. The article examines the transition of modern science to multidisciplinary discourse, which makes it necessary to conceptualize and possibly operationalize methods of psycholinguistics. The conceptualization of new areas of neuroeconomics, in a psycholinguistic context, presupposes a certain mental experience that includes, in addition to the processes of creating new concepts and contextual economic knowledge, also defining the role of interests, intentions, emotions in human economic activity. Methods. Multivariate analysis, comparative analysis, extrapolation. Results. It is proved that in recent decades the development of new areas of economic science, namely those related to the development of neuroeconomics, has significantly expanded the field of psycholinguistics. The production of new paradigms of economic theory, the formation of the corresponding definitions, objects requires the design and definition of them both in form and in content. It considers the need for a theoretical and orderly definition of the functional meaning of the psycholinguistic context of new definitions, the result of which can be a conceptual system for communication between specialists in various fields of science at the level of their professional understanding. It seems that the central issues in the psycholinguistic discourse of neuroeconomics have become the relationship between economics, psychology, linguistics and psycholinguistics. Such connection is undoubtedly of a multidisciplinary nature, which contributes to the deepening of the relationship between scientific thought, culture and language and became the impetus for understanding the nature of human cognition at a higher, multidisciplinary level of development of science. This is a necessary component for understanding the meanings and structure of concepts, terms and definitions, as well as communications at a higher scientific level. Conclusions. It is concluded that new areas of neuroeconomics such as behavioral economics, behavioral finance, emotional economics, psychological economics, have become areas of economic theory that, explicitly or implicitly, take into account the psychological characteristics of human perception and behavior in the process of economic activity. These definitions catalyze the theoretical integration of various scientific fields, and, above all, psycholinguistic science.

Legal Uses of Anthropology in France in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Audren ◽  
Laetitia Guerlain
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Anthropology ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human And Social Sciences ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter sheds light on the long-standing history of the relationship between law and the human and social sciences in nineteenth- and twentieth-century France. This story has often been reduced to its most recent and academic development, that is, legal anthropology. However, focusing on this strictly contemporary, academic definition of anthropology risks overlooking the many and varied ways of thinking that, over the past two centuries and more, have shaped the relationship between law and the study of humanity. The authors suggest that such an approach obscures the depth and the variety of forms that this relationship took over time. This chapter documents the various ways that legal scholars in France—over the course of two centuries marked by the rise of codification and legal positivism—drew upon history, philology, ethnology, physical anthropology, and sociology, all in the pursuit of a more profound understanding of homo juridicus.

Digital Transformation and Innovation Explained

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Rocci Luppicini
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Healthcare Education ◽  
Contemporary Society ◽  
Current Conception ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Definition Of

Digital transformation is reshaping many areas of work and life within contemporary society. These include healthcare, education, government, politics, law, human rights, and ethical controversies. This chapter addresses the following questions, What is the current conception of digital transformation as an emerging interdisciplinary field of research and study? The objectives of the chapter are twofold: (1) to conceptualize digital transformation as an emerging interdisciplinary field and (2) to identify key research areas that currently constitute digital transformation. The chapter contributes by positing a comprehensive systems definition of digital transformation as an interdisciplinary research field to help guide researchers and other leaders in the field.

Assessment of the relationship between territorial loyalty and emotional burning: results of a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. V Volkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level ◽  
Emotional Burnout ◽  
The Relationship

The article introduces a new term in Russian science — territorial loyalty, which is a specific perceptual-behavioral phenomenon. The definition of this term is given, the relevance of the study, due to the existing research contradictions identified by the author, is substantiated, and an analogy with another loyalty type — organizational — is drawn. A comparison of organizational and territorial loyalty with reliance on the empirical research results leads to the idea of another perceptualbehavioral phenomenon — emotional burnout, the formation of which the individual affects its loyalty — organizational or territorial. The article gives a brief description of the author’s research tools pilot version for assessing the territorial loyalty, and also describes the questionnaire, which is one of the most Russian famous tools for studying emotional burnout. A pilot study of the relationship between emotional burnout and territorial loyalty was conducted on a small sample included 15 respondents (educational system employees and university students), in connection with which a quantitative data analysis was carried out using non-parametric methods. As a result, with a high level of statistical significance, it was found that the severity of territorial loyalty of non-burnt respondents is lower than the severity of this phenomenon in individuals characterized by an average, high or critical emotional burnout level, that is, the existence of a relationship between emotional burnout and territorial loyalty is confirmed. In addition, further research areas have been outlined: for example, the question remains as to which of the considered indicators is a predictor and which is a dependent variable

scholarly journals Beyond Translation Proper—Extending the Field of Translation Studies

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Korning Zethsen
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Translation Studies ◽  
Translation Theory ◽  
Modern Life ◽  
Ulterior Motive ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Modern society demands many different kinds of translation or translation-like activities which often exceed the boundaries of what translation theory traditionally terms translation proper. Highly functional translations, localisation, précis-writing, expert-to-layman communication, etc. are all part of modern life, but where do such activities fit in theoretically? In this article I shall discuss the fact that despite Jakobson’s classical definition, intralingual translation or rewording is de facto peripheral to translation studies and I shall argue that the relationship between interlingual and intralingual translation is a neglected area of research, as is a thorough description of intralingual translation. Since Jakobson’s definition, general definitions of translation have become less inclusive. This I consider a major setback as there seems to be much to gain theoretically as well as practically by looking for similarities and differences between various kinds of translational activities. With the ulterior motive of putting intralingual translation (back?) on the map of translation studies and to encourage future empirical research within this area I shall argue for a broader perception of translation and consequently of translation studies as a discipline. Inspired by Jakobson (1959), Toury (1995) and Tymoczko (1998, 2005), I shall attempt to draw up an open definition of translation which reflects the many-faceted nature of the phenomenon.

scholarly journals The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane assay as a model for the study of angiogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angélida Daiane Lemos Do Prado ◽  
Elisa Flávia Luiz Cardoso Bailão ◽  
João Carlos Nabout ◽  
Tatiana Rabachini ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Melo Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Cam Assay ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
The Impact

Angiogenesis is a fundamental physiological process with strong implications in tissue homeostasis. Animal models helping to identify how angiogenesis is regulated are fundamental to answer many biological questions. Chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is one of the most employed methods to study angiogenesis. In this study we applied a scientometric approach to evaluate the employment of CAM assay in published articles. Temporal trends indicated that CAM assay was the preferred method to investigate angiogenesis over time. The publications had a significant number of citations and the impact factor of journals publishing articles is relevant for the scientific community. A total of 52 different research areas have articles published using this particular technique. Oncology is the research field in which CAM assay was mostly used. Accordingly, tumor-derived cell lines were the most frequent sample tested on CAM. We also identified that 73,6% of articles published used only CAM assay to answer questions concerning angiogenesis. We concluded that although the CAM assay is a classical approach, that does not need so much infrastructure and financial support to be performed, it is a well-accepted technique by the scientific community. In addition, this methodology has gain attention in scientific community because no pain is experienced by the chick and they are minor ethical concerns to employ this method. Moreover, this data can help researchers who are unfamiliar with the CAM assay to identify if this particular method is suitable for their research.  

Discovering the Nexus between Market Orientation and Open Innovation

2014 ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gul Denktas-Sakar ◽  
Cimen Karatas-Cetin ◽  
Omur Yasar Saatcioglu
Keyword(s):  
Grounded Theory ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Global Marketplace ◽  
Grounded Theory Methodology ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
The Relationship

The global marketplace is characterized by various changes taking place in social, economic, natural, and technological areas. As these changes occur both at the organizational and market levels, innovations act as the main processes that accelerate the adaptation of these changes to the services/products of the organizations. Considering the involvement of many stakeholders and the partners within the dynamic business environment of the organizations, an increasing need for the cooperation and the coordination of such actors in the development of service innovations is observed. As topical research areas of both the marketing and management disciplines, this chapter focuses on discovering the relationship between market orientation and the open innovation by pursuing a grounded theory methodology in combination with a specific case study of a leading container shipping company. The originality of the research lies on the investigation of the unexplored research field of open innovation from the perspective of the grounded theory methodology as well as the generation of an emergent theory by the use of an inductive approach.

scholarly journals On the question of definition of the subject area of research in the specialty "Geodesy and land surveying"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Martyn ◽  
◽  
I. Trevoho ◽  
T. Ievsiukov ◽  
Kh. Burshtynska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Land Surveying ◽  
Subject Orientation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article discusses the content of the subject area of research introduced in 2015 in Ukraine specialty "Geodesy and Land Management" as a set of all subjects, the properties of which and the relationship between which should be considered in the relevant scientific theory. Based on the established practice of research work, as well as international approaches to determining the subject of modern geodesy and land management, it is proposed to identify five subsets of research areas (specializations): geodesy and cartography; geoinformatics and aerospace research of the Earth; land cadastre; land management; land management. For each of the subsets of the subject area of research, a detailed description of the subject orientation is proposed, which allows to specify the context and content of the relevant research.

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