scholarly journals Investigation of Particle Steering for Different Cylindrical Permanent Magnets in Magnetic Drug Targeting

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Angelika Thalmayer ◽  
Samuel Zeising ◽  
Georg Fischer ◽  
Jens Kirchner
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Gravitational Force ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Fluid Velocities ◽  
Particle Propagation

Magnetic Drug Targeting is a promising cancer treatment that offers the possibility of increasing therapeutic efficiency while reducing the patient’s side-effects. Thereby, the cancer-drug is bounded to magnetic nanoparticles, which are injected into a vessel and guided through the cardiovascular system into the tumor by an external magnetic field. However, a successful navigation depends on several multiphysical parameters including the properties of the nanoparticles, the flow characteristics of blood, and the gradient of the applied magnetic field. To investigate their impact, the propagation of particle packets within a 45∘ bifurcation vessel was modeled in COMSOL Multiphysics®. Therefore, magnets with varying radius-to-length ratios and magnetizations (radial and axial) were placed right before the bifurcation. Furthermore, different fluid velocities in addition to the influence of the gravitational force were evaluated. Overall, a strong dependency of the particle steering on the fluid velocity and the magnet’s radius-to-length ratio was observed. Moreover, a radial magnetization has a greater impact on the particle propagation, while the gravitation can be neglected for higher velocities. However, when a single permanent magnet is used, the results depict that it is a fine line between deflecting or trapping a particle at the vessel wall.

Intrathecal Magnetic Drug Targeting: A New Approach to Treating Diseases of the Central Nervous System

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Lueshen ◽  
Indu Venugopal ◽  
Andreas Linninger
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Drug Doses

Intrathecal (IT) drug delivery is a standard technique which involves direct injection of drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled space within the spinal canal to treat many diseases of the central nervous system. Currently, in order to reach the therapeutic drug concentration at certain locations within the spinal canal, high drug doses are used. With no method to deliver the large drug doses locally, current IT drug delivery treatments are hindered with wide drug distributions throughout the central nervous system (CNS) which cause harmful side effects. In order to overcome the current limitations of IT drug delivery, we have developed the novel method of intrathecal magnetic drug targeting (IT-MDT). Gold-coated magnetite nanoparticles are infused into a physiologically and anatomically relevant in vitro human spine model and then targeted to a specific site using external magnetic fields, resulting in a substantial increase in therapeutic nanoparticle localization at the site of interest. Experiments aiming to determine the effect of key parameters such as magnet strength, duration of magnetic field exposure, location of magnetic field, and ferrous implants on the collection efficiency of our superparamagnetic nanoparticles in the targeting region were performed. Our experiments indicate that intrathecal magnetic drug targeting and implant-assisted IT-MDT are promising techniques for concentrating and localizing drug-functionalized nanoparticles at required target sites within the spinal canal for potential treatment of diseases affecting the central nervous system.

scholarly journals Modelling the Effect of SPION Size in a Stent Assisted Magnetic Drug Targeting System with Interparticle Interactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adil Mardinoglu ◽  
P. J. Cregg
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Interparticle Interactions ◽  
Different Diameters

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and it is caused by the interaction of genomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Although chemotherapy is one way of treating cancers, it also damages healthy cells and may cause severe side effects. Therefore, it is beneficial in drug delivery in the human body to increase the proportion of the drugs at the target site while limiting its exposure at the rest of body through Magnetic Drug Targeting (MDT). Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) are derived from polyol methods and coated with oleic acid and can be used as magnetic drug carrier particles (MDCPs) in an MDT system. Here, we develop a mathematical model for studying the interactions between the MDCPs enriched with three different diameters of SPIONs (6.6, 11.6, and 17.8 nm) in the MDT system with an implanted magnetizable stent using different magnetic field strengths and blood velocities. Our computational analysis allows for the optimal design of the SPIONs enriched MDCPs to be used in clinical applications.

Magnetic drug targeting: biodistribution and dependency on magnetic field strength

2002 ◽  
Vol 252 ◽  
pp. 363-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch Alexiou ◽  
A Schmidt ◽  
R Klein ◽  
P Hulin ◽  
Ch Bergemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Magnetic Field Strength ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting

Flow of a Biomagnetic Visco-Elastic Fluid in a Channel With Stretching Walls

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Misra ◽  
G. C. Shit
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Elastic Fluid ◽  
Sufficient Intensity ◽  
Pyromagnetic Coefficient ◽  
Velocity Pressure

The flow of a visco-elastic fluid in a channel with stretching walls under the action of an externally applied magnetic field generated by a magnetic dipole was studied in this paper. As per an experimental report, the variation in magnetization M of the fluid with temperature T was approximated as a linear equation of state M=K1T, where K1 is a constant called the pyromagnetic coefficient. In this investigation the model used is that of Walter’s liquid B fluid, which includes the effect of fluid visco-elasticity. By introducing appropriate nondimensional variables, the problem is reduced to solving a coupled nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations subject to a set of boundary conditions. The problem is solved by developing a suitable numerical technique based on finite difference approach. Computational results concerning the variation in the velocity, pressure and temperature fields, skin friction and the rate of heat transfer with magnetic field strength, Prandtl number, and blood visco-elasticity are presented graphically. The results presented reveal that the velocity of blood in the normal physiological state can be lowered by applying a magnetic field of sufficient intensity. The study bears the promise of important applications in controlling the flow of blood during surgery and also during treatment of cancer by therapeutic means when it involves magnetic drug targeting (hyperthemia).

Computational Simulation of Magnetic Drug Targeting in Human Body

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Kamali ◽  
Gholamreza Keshavarzi
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Targeted Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Specific Part

Development of novel particle carrier methods has led to enhanced advances in targeted drug delivery. This paper has aimed the investigation of targeting drugs via attached magnetic particles into human body. This goal was approached by inducing a magnetic field near a specific part of the human body to target the drug or as it is called magnetic drug targeting (MDT). Blood flow and magnetic particles are simulated under the presence of the specified properties of a magnetic field. In order to demonstrate a more realistic simulation, the flow was considered pulsatile. Finally, the results provided show valuable information on magnetic drug targeting in human body.

Fluid mechanics aspects of magnetic drug targeting

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Odenbach
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Numerical Model ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Magnetic Particles ◽  
Field Configuration ◽  
Side Branch ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Targeting Efficiency ◽  
Flow Phantom ◽  
The Magnetic Field

AbstractExperiments and numerical simulations using a flow phantom for magnetic drug targeting have been undertaken. The flow phantom is a half y-branched tube configuration where the main tube represents an artery from which a tumour-supplying artery, which is simulated by the side branch of the flow phantom, branches off. In the experiments a quantification of the amount of magnetic particles targeted towards the branch by a magnetic field applied via a permanent magnet is achieved by impedance measurement using sensor coils. Measuring the targeting efficiency, i.e. the relative amount of particles targeted to the side branch, for different field configurations one obtains targeting maps which combine the targeting efficiency with the magnetic force densities in characteristic points in the flow phantom. It could be shown that targeting efficiency depends strongly on the magnetic field configuration. A corresponding numerical model has been set up, which allows the simulation of targeting efficiency for variable field configuration. With this simulation good agreement of targeting efficiency with experimental data has been found. Thus, the basis has been laid for future calculations of optimal field configurations in clinical applications of magnetic drug targeting. Moreover, the numerical model allows the variation of additional parameters of the drug targeting process and thus an estimation of the influence, e.g. of the fluid properties on the targeting efficiency. Corresponding calculations have shown that the non-Newtonian behaviour of the fluid will significantly influence the targeting process, an aspect which has to be taken into account, especially recalling the fact that the viscosity of magnetic suspensions depends strongly on the magnetic field strength and the mechanical load.

High-Gradient Magnetic Capture of Ferrofluids: Implications for Drug Targeting and Tumor Embolization

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 909-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melánia Babincová ◽  
Peter Babinec ◽  
Christian Bergemann
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Strong Magnetic Field ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Magnetic Targeting ◽  
Biomedical Sciences ◽  
Magnetic Gradient ◽  
Tumor Embolization ◽  
Magnetic Capture

Abstract One of the perspective methods of cancer chemotherapy is magnetic targeting of drugs to tumors. This task is usually accomplished using small permanent magnets attached near the desired sites. In this study a new much more effective approach is proposed which is based on a strong magnetic gradient using a ferromagnetic wire placed in a strong magnetic field. Feasibility of this approach has been evaluated by the formation of ferrofluid seals and measurement of maximum pressure the formed seal can resists. Using this method it is possible to capture even superparamagnetic particles with nanos­ize dimensions, therefore the method may have an interesting applications in biomedical sciences.

scholarly journals Nonviral Locally Injected Magnetic Vectors for In Vivo Gene Delivery: A Review of Studies on Magnetofection

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1078
Author(s):  
Artem A. Sizikov ◽  
Marianna V. Kharlamova ◽  
Maxim P. Nikitin ◽  
Petr I. Nikitin ◽  
Eugene L. Kolychev
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Local Injections ◽  
In Vivo Gene Delivery ◽  
Magnetic Vectors

Magnetic nanoparticles have been widely used in nanobiomedicine for diagnostics and the treatment of diseases, and as carriers for various drugs. The unique magnetic properties of “magnetic” drugs allow their delivery in a targeted tumor or tissue upon application of a magnetic field. The approach of combining magnetic drug targeting and gene delivery is called magnetofection, and it is very promising. This method is simple and efficient for the delivery of genetic material to cells using magnetic nanoparticles controlled by an external magnetic field. However, magnetofection in vivo has been studied insufficiently both for local and systemic routes of magnetic vector injection, and the relevant data available in the literature are often merely descriptive and contradictory. In this review, we collected and systematized the data on the efficiency of the local injections of magnetic nanoparticles that carry genetic information upon application of external magnetic fields. We also investigated the efficiency of magnetofection in vivo, depending on the structure and coverage of magnetic vectors. The perspectives of the development of the method were also considered.

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