scholarly journals Can a Questionnaire Be Useful for Assessing Reading Skills in Adults? Experiences with the Adult Reading Questionnaire among Incarcerated and Young Adults in Norway

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Arve E. Asbjørnsen ◽  
Lise Øen Jones ◽  
Ole Johan Eikeland ◽  
Terje Manger
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Resource Requirement ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Adult Reading ◽  
Reading Impairments

Background: Good screening tools can be of immense value in educational counselling for adults. We report two studies where we explored the factor structure and discriminative power of the Adult Reading Questionnaire (ARQ) in different samples of young adults at risk for reading impairments. Method: The ARQ was designed to screen for literacy skills with low resource requirement. The instrument includes 11 questions regarding reading and writing skills and 6 questions regarding attention deficits and hyperactivity. The first study included of 246 undergraduate students. One-third of the sample were under assessment of specific learning impairments/dyslexia. The second study included 1475 incarcerated adults, where 1 in 4 reported specific reading impairments. Results: Principal Component Analyses (PCA) with varimax rotation returned four components for the participants in Study 1: Reading skills, Reading habits, Attention, and Hyperactivity. For the incarcerated sample in Study 2, the analysis returned three components, as the Attention and Hyperactivity items were combined. Conclusion: The ARQ is useful for identifying individuals at risk for dyslexia with acceptable measures of sensitivity and specificity, as well as for identifying those who report difficulties with reading and writing but have not been assessed for their difficulties earlier. The increased prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) seen among incarcerated adults must be considered when screening for reading problems as it may confound the scores on reading questionnaires.

Apparel shopping styles of Ghanaian female young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Appiadu ◽  
Mercy Kuma-Kpobee ◽  
Efua Vandyck
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Apparel Shopping ◽  
Shopping Orientation ◽  
The University ◽  
University Of Ghana ◽  
First Time

PurposeThe purpose of the study was to identify the apparel shopping styles of Ghanaian female young adults and to assess the applicability of the consumer styles inventory (CSI) within the Ghanaian context.Design/methodology/approachA multistage random sampling technique was used to select 405 Ghanaian female undergraduate students aged 18–25 years from the University of Ghana. The CSI was used to collect data and these were analyzed using principal component analysis.FindingsThe results showed that the subjects adopted multiple shopping styles when scouting for stores and selecting apparel for managing their appearance. Seven of the CSI dimensions were confirmed (perfectionism, brand consciousness, novelty-fashion consciousness, confused by over-choice, impulsive carelessness, recreational hedonism and habitual brand loyalty). A new shopping style, indifference shopping orientation was identified.Practical implicationsMarket segmentation, product development and marketing strategies should be tailored to the shopping styles of female young consumers in Ghana.Originality/valueThis study, for the first time, uses the consumer characteristic approach and the CSI to identify the apparel decision-making styles of young adult female Ghanaians. This fulfils the need for the study of shopping styles, which is vital for producers and marketers to enable them to make informed decisions to meet specific needs and expectations of these cohorts of consumers.

scholarly journals Computerised emotional well-being and substance use questionnaires in young Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212090604
Author(s):  
Belinda Davison ◽  
Robyn Liddle ◽  
Joseph Fitz ◽  
Gurmeet R Singh
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
Indigenous Australian

Background: Mental health disorders rank among the most substantial causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Almost half of Australian adults experience mental illness at some point in their lifetime, with Indigenous Australians disproportionally affected. Thus, it is imperative that effective, acceptable screening tools are used, which are tailored to the target population. Objectives: This research investigates the methodology of computerised questionnaires in assessing the emotional well-being and substance use in Indigenous and non-Indigenous young adults. Methods: Cross-sectional data from young adults (21–28 years) in the Life Course Program, Northern Territory, Australia, are presented. Through an extensive consultation process, validated questionnaires were adapted to a computerised format suitable for both remote and urban residing Indigenous and non-Indigenous adults. Results: Of the 576 participants (459 Indigenous, 117 non-Indigenous) available for assessment, high consent rates were seen, with completion rates >86%. One in three young adults in this cohort were highlighted as ‘at risk’ of psychological distress, and one in five as ‘at risk’ of suicidal ideation or self-harm. Conclusion: The target population of this study were at a critical age with high levels of psychological distress and suicidal ideation reported, particularly in Indigenous young adults. This simple, user-friendly, pictorial programme allowed assessment of a sensitive topic anonymously, while simultaneously collating data and identifying those at high risk, irrespective of literacy level or cultural background.

THE ROLE OF LITERACY METHODS IN MASTERING OF WRITTEN LANGUAGE BY STUDENTS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DYSLEXIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Tsvetanka Tsenova
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Work ◽  
Developmental Dyslexia ◽  
Reading Skills ◽  
Writing Skills ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Empirical Verification ◽  
Literacy Methods ◽  
The Relationship

This article focuses on the relationship between literacy methods applied at school and the emergence of serious difficulties in mastering reading and writing skills that shape the developmental dyslexia. The problem was analyzed theoretically and subjected to empirical verification. Experimental work was presented which aims to study the phonological and global reading skills of 4- th grade students with and without dyslexia. Better global reading skills have been demonstrated in all tested children, and this is much more pronounced in those with dyslexia than their peers without disorders. Hence, the need to develop a special, corrective methodology for literacy of students with developmental dyslexia consistent with their psychopathological characteristics.

Refinement and Psychometric Properties of the Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory

2020 ◽  
pp. 019394592094097
Author(s):  
Christine S. Gipson ◽  
Jenifer M. Chilton ◽  
Eric Stocks
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychometric Testing ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Sleep Hygiene ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The Self ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Electronic Survey

The purpose of this study was to determine key concepts of self-efficacy for sleep hygiene among young adults/college students and sleep experts, and to refine the Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory. The Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory was revised using input from young adult focus groups and experts. Information from focus groups informed instrument revision. The revised instrument was distributed using an electronic survey to young adults age 18–26 years for a total sample of 296. A principal component analysis with Varimax Orthogonal Rotation was conducted resulting in a three-factor solution. Cronbach’s alphas were: .85 for Behaviors to Adopt (nine items), .79 for Manage Mindset and Environment (eight items), .70 for Behaviors to Avoid (eight items), and .88 for the inventory (twenty-five items). Initial psychometric testing of the Self-Efficacy for Sleep Hygiene Inventory-Revised indicates that it is a reliable measure of self-efficacy for sleep hygiene in young adults age 18–26 years.

Neural Correlates of Visuospatial Working Memory in Healthy Young Adults at Risk for Hypertension

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreana P. Haley ◽  
John Gunstad ◽  
Ronald A. Cohen ◽  
Beth A. Jerskey ◽  
Richard C. Mulligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Working Memory ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Visuospatial Working Memory

Establishing a New Measure of Alcohol-Related Sexual Consequences and Examining Its Association to Alcohol Consequences Among At-Risk Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-502
Author(s):  
Anne M. Fairlie ◽  
Anne E. Jaffe ◽  
Kelly Cue Davis ◽  
Dana M. Litt ◽  
Debra Kaysen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Young Adults

scholarly journals Early Detection of At-Risk Undergraduate Students through Academic Performance Predictors

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Vikash Rowtho
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
At Risk Students ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Student Dropout ◽  
Performance Predictors ◽  
A New Technique

Undergraduate student dropout is gradually becoming a global problem and the 39 Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) are no exception to this trend. The purpose of this research was to develop a method that can be used for early detection of students who are at-risk of performing poorly in their undergraduate studies. A sample of 279 students participated in the study conducted in a Mauritian private tertiary academic institution. Results of regression analyses identified the variables having a significant influence on academic performance. These variables were used in a linear discriminant analysis where 74 percent of the students could be correctly classified into three categories: at-risk, pass or fail. In conclusion, this study has proposed a new technique that can be used by institutions to determine significant academic performance predictors and then identify at-risk students upon whom interventions can be implemented prior to exams to address the problem of dropouts.

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