scholarly journals Design of Multi Standard Near Field Communication Outphasing Transmitter with Modulation Wave Shaping

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Žiga Korošak ◽  
Nejc Suhadolnik ◽  
Anton Pleteršek
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Differential Delay ◽  
Fully Differential ◽  
Delay Locked Loop ◽  
Modulation Wave ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this work is to tackle the problem of modulation wave shaping in the field of near field communication (NFC) radio frequency identification (RFID). For this purpose, a high-efficiency transmitter circuit was developed to comply with the strict requirements of the newest EMVCo and NFC Forum specifications for pulse shapes. The proposed circuit uses an outphasing modulator that is based on a digital-to-time converter (DTC). The DTC based outphasing modulator supports amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, operates at four times the 13.56 MHz carrier frequency and is made fully differential in order to remove the parasitic phase modulation components. The accompanying transmitter logic includes lookup tables with programmable modulation pulse wave shapes. The modulator solution uses a 64-cell tapped current controlled fully differential delay locked loop (DLL), which produces a 360° delay at 54.24 MHz, and a glitch-free multiplexor to select the individual taps. The outphased output from the modulator is mixed to create an RF pulse width modulated (PWM) output, which drives the antenna. Additionally, this implementation is fully compatible with D-class amplifiers enabling high efficiency. A test circuit of the proposed differential multi-standard reader’s transmitter was simulated in 40 nm CMOS technology. Stricter pulse shape requirements were easily satisfied, while achieving an output linearity of 0.2 bits and maximum power consumption under 7.5 mW.

RFID, NFC, Beacons, and the Infrastructures of Logistical Locative Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 474-486
Author(s):  
Jordan Frith
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Machine Readable

The phrase the Internet of things was originally coined in a 1999 presentation about attaching radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to individual objects. These tags would make the objects machine-readable, uniquely identifiable, and, most importantly, wirelessly communicative with infrastructure. This chapter evaluates RFID as a piece of mobile communicative infrastructure, and it examines two emerging forms: near-field communication (NFC) and Bluetooth low-energy beacons. The chapter shows how NFC and Bluetooth low-energy beacons may soon move some types of RFID to smartphones, in this way evolving the use of RFID in payment and transportation and enabling new practices of post-purchasing behaviors.

scholarly journals Hydrogel Sensors for the Agricultural Applications

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruba Ali ◽  
Tamim Al-Rashid ◽  
Youusef Al-Mahmoud ◽  
Kishor Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Soil Porosity ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Communication Device ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Control Water

This work is focused on the design and fabrication of hydrogel sensors for the agricultural applications, “a multi-sensory device”. Agriculture is an important contributor to Qatar’s economy, as the country is aiming to produce more local products. We chose to use hydrogel in soil, for their high efficiency in absorbing water. The hydrogel will be embedded in a multisensory device that will provide consistent plant watering when soil is dry and in need for water. The multi-sensory device will employ NFC switch “Near Field Communication” which is a wireless communication device used to control water flow for plant irrigation. Also, the experimental work including enhancing soil properties by using Arabic gum (sodium 2-[(7-carboxyheptyl)-Chydroxycarbonimidoyl] benzen-1-olate), a biodegradable and naturally available polymer. It is proven that it decreases soil porosity, enhances the reinforcement between the soil and the hydrogel therefore retaining more water and preventing evaporation, it also increases plant growth through fixating nitrogen in the soil.

scholarly journals An Implantable Inductive Near-Field Communication System with 64 Channels for Acquisition of Gastrointestinal Bioelectrical Activity

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Javan-Khoshkholgh ◽  
Aydin Farajidavar
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Bioelectrical Activity ◽  
Real Time Monitoring ◽  
Rf Transceiver

High-resolution (HR) mapping of the gastrointestinal (GI) bioelectrical activity is an emerging method to define the GI dysrhythmias such as gastroparesis and functional dyspepsia. Currently, there is no solution available to conduct HR mapping in long-term studies. We have developed an implantable 64-channel closed-loop near-field communication system for real-time monitoring of gastric electrical activity. The system is composed of an implantable unit (IU), a wearable unit (WU), and a stationary unit (SU) connected to a computer. Simultaneous data telemetry and power transfer between the IU and WU is carried out through a radio-frequency identification (RFID) link operating at 13.56 MHz. Data at the IU are encoded according to a self-clocking differential pulse position algorithm, and load shift keying modulated with only 6.25% duty cycle to be back scattered to the WU over the inductive path. The retrieved data at the WU are then either transmitted to the SU for real-time monitoring through an ISM-band RF transceiver or stored locally on a micro SD memory card. The measurement results demonstrated successful data communication at the rate of 125 kb/s when the distance between the IU and WU is less than 5 cm. The signals recorded in vitro at IU and received by SU were verified by a graphical user interface.

scholarly journals Pengenalan Objek Museum dengan Teknologi NFC pada Android dan RFID (Studi Kasus Pada Museum Jawa Tengah Ranggawarsita)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zaki Fuadi
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Web Service ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Unified Process

Museum Jawa Tengah Ranggawarsita adalah salah satu tempat yang memiliki banyak koleksi objek bersejarah. Objek-objek bersejarah tersebut memiliki informasi penting di dalamnya. Informasi bisa berupa sejarah bangsa atau peradaban penting yang ada di Indonesia. Namun pada kenyataannya informasi mengenai objek bersejarah yang ditampilkan masih kurang jelas, detail dan informatif. Hal ini karena banyaknya informasi dari objek yang perlu ditampilkan dan dikenali oleh petugas kajian museum. Administrasi objek-objek museum juga masih menggunakan cara manual yaitu menggunakan arsip fisik untuk setiap informasi objek yang ada. Diperlukan sebuah sistem untuk mempermudah proses administrasi dan penampilan informasi objek dengan mengenali objek. Pengenalan objek menggunakan Near Field Communication pada android smartphone dan tag pasif Radio Frequency Identification dapat menjadi solusi dari permasalahan ini. Untuk pengunjung, sistem dapat digunakan untuk mengenali objek yang diinginkan dan menampilkan informasi objek secara detail, jelas dan informatif, sedangkan untuk petugas museum sistem dapat digunakan untuk administrasi objek-objek museum yang ada. Sistem dikembangkan dengan menggunakan proses pengembangan perangkat lunak unified process dalam satu iterasi. Sistem memanfaatkan web-service untuk sebagai penyedia atau perantara data sistem. Sistem sudah melewati pengujian black-box dan white-box dengan hasil lulus uji. Sistem diharapkan dapat mempermudah proses pengenalan objek museum dan administrasi objek museum.

scholarly journals O compartilhamento de informações no transporte público com as tecnologias RFID e NFC: uma proposta de aplicação

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Victor Nassar ◽  
Milton Luiz Horn Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Frequency Identification

Resumo O transporte público nos grandes centros urbanos brasileiros apresenta dificuldades relacionadas à informação disponibilizada aos usuários, tais como dados sobre linhas de ônibus, seus trajetos, terminais e horários, atualizações sobre as ocorrências de atrasos, entre outros. A aplicação de tecnologias possibilita compartilhar informações a fim de auxiliar o transporte urbano em geral. Nesse cenário, este artigo possui o objetivo de discutir a proposta de aplicação do Smart Bus, que utiliza as tecnologias NFC (Near Field Communication) e RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) para efetuar o compartilhamento de informações no transporte público. Após o referencial teórico, há um levantamento de projetos que utilizam as tecnologias NFC e RFID no transporte urbano e de aplicativos que contribuem com a gestão de informações sobre o trânsito. Em seguida, discutem-se o Smart Bus e as influências resultantes do compartilhamento de informação nos sistemas de transporte público. Por fim, verificou-se a contribuição da aplicação para o mapeamento do perfil das vias, ônibus e passageiros, localizando atrasos e provendo dados para a gestão do transporte público. Ressaltam-se ainda as implicações em relação à privacidade e à segurança dos dados de usuários, além da infraestrutura tecnológica necessária à implantação de projetos envolvidos nos conceitos das Cidades Inteligentes e da Internet das Coisas.

scholarly journals Very High Bit Rate Near-Field Communication with Low-Interference Coils and Digital Single-Bit Sampling Transceivers for Biomedical Sensor Systems

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 6025
Author(s):  
Sebastian Stoecklin ◽  
Elias Rosch ◽  
Adnan Yousaf ◽  
Leonhard Reindl
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
High Data ◽  
Biomedical Sensor ◽  
Field Programmable

The evolution of microelectronics increased the information acquired by today’s biomedical sensor systems to an extent where the capacity of low-power communication interfaces becomes one of the central bottlenecks. Hence, this paper mathematically analyzes and experimentally verifies novel coil and transceiver topologies for near-field communication interfaces, which simultaneously allow for high data transfer rates, low power consumption, and reduced interference to nearby wireless power transfer interfaces. Data coil design is focused on presenting two particular topologies which provide sufficient coupling between a reader and a wireless sensor system, but do not couple to an energy coil situated on the same substrate, severely reducing interference between wireless data and energy transfer interfaces. A novel transceiver design combines the approaches of a minimalistic analog front-end with a fully digital single-bit sampling demodulator, in which rectangular binary signals are processed by simple digital circuits instead of sinusoidal signals being conditioned by complex analog mixers and subsequent multi-bit analog-to-digital converters. The concepts are implemented using an analog interface in discrete circuit technology and a commercial low-power field-programmable gate array, yielding a transceiver which supports data rates of up to 6.78 MBit/s with an energy consumption of just 646 pJ/bit in transmitting mode and of 364 pJ/bit in receiving mode at a bit error rate of 2×10−7, being 10 times more energy efficient than any commercial NFC interface and fully implementable without any custom CMOS technology.

scholarly journals A CMOS Programmable Fourth-Order Butterworth Active-RC Low-Pass Filter

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Zhang ◽  
Long Shang ◽  
Yongkai Wang ◽  
Lu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Supply Voltage ◽  
Cutoff Frequency ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Low Pass Filter ◽  
Silicon Area ◽  
Fully Differential ◽  
Low Pass ◽  
Low Sensitivity

This paper presents a low-pass filter (LPF) for an ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) reader transmitter in standard SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The active-RC topology and Butterworth approximation function are employed mainly for high linearity and high flatness respectively. Two cascaded fully-differential Tow-Thomas biquads are chosen for low sensitivity to process errors and strong resistance to the imperfection of the involved two-stage fully-differential operational amplifiers. Besides, the LPF is programmable in order to adapt to the multiple data rate standards. Measurement results show that the LPF has the programmable bandwidths of 605/870/1020/1330/1530/2150 kHz, the optimum input 1dB compression point of −7.81 dBm, and the attenuation of 50 dB at 10 times cutoff frequency, with the overall power consumption of 12.6 mW from a single supply voltage of 1.8 V. The silicon area of the LPF core is 0.17 mm2.

Adoption of near field communication in S-Library application for information science

2015 ◽  
Vol 116 (11/12) ◽  
pp. 728-747 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHD KAMIR YUSOF ◽  
Andrew Abel ◽  
Md Yazid Saman ◽  
Mohd Nordin Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Usability Testing ◽  
Acceptance Testing ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Degree

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to first review the implementation of automatic identification and data capture) technologies in library/information science, focusing on barcode technology, radio frequency identification (RFID) and near field communication (NFC). This paper then presents S-Library, a new android-based application, to enable users to perform a wide range of information science-related transactions, such as borrowing, searching, returning and viewing transaction records. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents the design process and the database and software components. For analysis, the authors used application testing, and also usability testing, with a questionnaire distributed to 343 users. Findings – The implementation of NFC technology means that S-Library has a number of technical advantages over other approaches. It was also shown with user acceptance testing that there was a high degree of user satisfaction with S-Library. Research limitations/implications – Although the findings combine technical assessment and usability testing and are extremely positive, further user evaluation could be performed. In addition, S-Library does not currently read existing RFID tags, which would improve the application further. Practical implications – The system proposed here shows that S-Library is a feasible approach taken to improve the library transaction experience and that it can replace and improve upon older technologies. Originality/value – This paper provides a first successful demonstration of a functioning and tested android and NFC-based library transaction system and shows that this approach generates a high degree of user reliability.

scholarly journals Transaksi Pembayaran T-Cash dengan Dukungan Teknologi Berbasis Near Field Communications (NFC)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Frequency Identification

Makalah ini akan membahas mengenai T-Cash yaitu uang digital Telkomsel yang menjadi salah satu layanan digital lifestyle yang sedang dikembangkan oleh Telkomsel. Dengan lisensi dari Bank Indonesia, TCash kini hadir dengan teknologi Near Field Communication (NFC), yang dinamakan TCash TAP. Hal ini akan memberikan kemudahan dan pengalaman unik kepada pelanggan dalam melakukan transaksi. Layanan ini dapat digunakan di semua jenis ponsel baik feature phone maupun smartphone. TeknologiNFC dalam Tcash ini adalah pengembangan dari teknologi kartu Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID). Teknologi NFC pada handphone selangkah lebih maju daripada teknologi RFID dimana pada handphone ditanamkan NFC chip yang dapat bertindak sebagai kartu RFID dan juga sebagai reader sekaligus dengan radius jangkauan pendek (kurang dari 10cm). Teknologi NFC pada handphone betul-betul dapat menggantikan dompet dimana dapat mengeluarkan uang dan juga menerima uang dari dan ke sesama pengguna NFC. TCASH memberikan berbagai solusi untuk transaksi nontunai. Dengan mudah, pembayaran merchant favorit dengan berbagai promo, beli pulsa dengan harga terbaik, bayar tagihan, belanja online tanpa kartu kredit, kirim uang, dan masih banyak lagi.diharapkan akan menjadi teknologi yang sangat efisien dan efektif pada proses pembayaran.

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