scholarly journals Modeling, Verification and Signal Integrity Analysis of High-Speed Signaling Channel with Tabbed Routing in High Performance Computing Server Board

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 1590
Author(s):  
Kyunghwan Song ◽  
Jongwook Kim ◽  
Hyunwoong Kim ◽  
Seonghi Lee ◽  
Jangyong Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Crosstalk Noise ◽  
Segmentation Approach ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Integrity Analysis ◽  
3D Em

It is necessary to reduce the crosstalk noise in high-speed signaling channels. In the channel routing area, the tabbed routing pattern is used to mitigate far-end crosstalk (FEXT), and the electrical length is controlled with a time domain reflectometer (TDR) and time domain transmission (TDT). However, unlike traditional channels having uniform width and space, the width and space of tabbed routing changes by segment, and the capacitance and inductance values of tabbed routing also change. In this paper, we propose a tabbed routing equivalent circuit modeling method using the segmentation approach. The proposed model was verified using 3D EM simulation and measurement results in the frequency domain. Based on the calculated inductance and capacitance parameters, we analyzed the insertion loss, FEXT, and self-impedance in the frequency domain, and TDT and FEXT in the time domain, by comparing the values of these metrics with and without tabbed routing. Using the proposed tabbed routing model, we analyzed tabbed routing with variations of design parameters based on self- and mutual-capacitance and inductance.

scholarly journals Development of a High-Speed Digitizer to Time Resolve Nanosecond Fluorescence Pulses

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Moreno-García ◽  
R. Galicia-Mejía ◽  
D. Jiménez-Olarte ◽  
J. M. de la Rosa Vázquez ◽  
S. Stolik-Isakina
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Digital Signal Processor ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Input Pulse ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Digital Signal ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
The Time Domain

The development of a high-speed digitizer system to measure time-domain voltage pulses in nanoseconds range is presented in this work. The digitizer design includes a high performance digital signal processor, a high-bandwidth analog-to-digital converter of flash-type, a set of delay lines, and a computer to achieve the time-domain measurements. A program running on the processor applies a time-equivalent sampling technique to acquire the input pulse. The processor communicates with the computer via a serial port RS-232 to receive commands and to transmit data. A control program written in LabVIEW 7.1 starts an acquisition routine in the processor. The program reads data from processor point by point in each occurrence of the signal, and plots each point to recover the time-resolved input pulse after n occurrences. The developed prototype is applied to measure fluorescence pulses from a homemade spectrometer. For this application, the LabVIEW program was improved to control the spectrometer, and to register and plot time-resolved fluorescence pulses produced by a substance. The developed digitizer has 750 MHz of analog input bandwidth, and it is able to resolve 2 ns rise-time pulses with 150 ps of resolution and a temporal error of 2.6 percent.

scholarly journals A measurement system for very fast transients in GIS power substations

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 01021
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Hengtian Wu ◽  
Lingyun Gu ◽  
Chongqing Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gas Insulated Switchgear ◽  
Power Substation ◽  
Fast Transients ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Auxiliary Device ◽  
Power Substations

In order to acquire the very fast transients during the disconnector operations in GIS (gas insulated switchgear, GIS) of power substation, a novel measurement system is developed and tested. By using the high speed digitizer as an alternative of the oscilloscope with other auxiliary device, the system is an effective approach to acquire the characteristics of the disturbance voltage of VFTs, including the frequency domain and the time domain features. Several kinds of experiments are carried out in the lab and GIS substation. The results show the good performance of this measurement system.

Time and Frequency Domain Performance Comparison for Wheeze Detection Using K-Nearest Neighbor

2014 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
pp. 163-166
Author(s):  
Syamimi Mardiah Shaharum ◽  
Kenneth Sundaraj
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Dominant Frequency ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Time Domain Data ◽  
The Time Domain ◽  
Domain Performance

In this Paper, the Comparison between the Performance of Wheezes Data Processing in the Frequency Domain and in the Time Domain is Evaluated Using K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN). the Purpose of this Paper is to Clarify the Confusion Regarding the Methods Used Nowadays, as many of the Previous Researchers have Stated that Wheezes Data are Better Processed in the Frequency Domain due to its Dominant Frequency Peaks but Not a Single Researcher has Made a Direct Comparison to Prove the Reliability of the Method Used. from the Evaluation Made, the Result Shows that the Performance of Wheeze Data Processed in the Frequency Domain is Better as Compared to the Data Processed in the Time Domain. A High Performance Accuracy with 97% is Obtained Comparing to an Accuracy Percentage of 83.13% were only Achieved by Using the Time Domain Data. Thus, this Paper has Successfully Made a Comparison between the Domains Proving the Reliability of the Frequency Domain for Wheeze Detection.

JOINT INTERPRETATION OF AIRBORNE ELECTROMAGNETIC DATA IN THE TIME DOMAIN AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
E. V. KARSHAKOV ◽  
J. MOILANEN
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Frequency Interval ◽  
Single Spectrum ◽  
Simultaneous Inversion ◽  
Homogeneous Half Space ◽  
Time Domain Data ◽  
The Time Domain

Тhe advantage of combine processing of frequency domain and time domain data provided by the EQUATOR system is discussed. The heliborne complex has a towed transmitter, and, raised above it on the same cable a towed receiver. The excitation signal contains both pulsed and harmonic components. In fact, there are two independent transmitters operate in the system: one of them is a normal pulsed domain transmitter, with a half-sinusoidal pulse and a small "cut" on the falling edge, and the other one is a classical frequency domain transmitter at several specially selected frequencies. The received signal is first processed to a direct Fourier transform with high Q-factor detection at all significant frequencies. After that, in the spectral region, operations of converting the spectra of two sounding signals to a single spectrum of an ideal transmitter are performed. Than we do an inverse Fourier transform and return to the time domain. The detection of spectral components is done at a frequency band of several Hz, the receiver has the ability to perfectly suppress all sorts of extra-band noise. The detection bandwidth is several dozen times less the frequency interval between the harmonics, it turns out thatto achieve the same measurement quality of ground response without using out-of-band suppression you need several dozen times higher moment of airborne transmitting system. The data obtained from the model of a homogeneous half-space, a two-layered model, and a model of a horizontally layered medium is considered. A time-domain data makes it easier to detect a conductor in a relative insulator at greater depths. The data in the frequency domain gives more detailed information about subsurface. These conclusions are illustrated by the example of processing the survey data of the Republic of Rwanda in 2017. The simultaneous inversion of data in frequency domain and time domain can significantly improve the quality of interpretation.

scholarly journals Time and Frequency Domain Dynamic Analysis of Offshore Mooring

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 781
Author(s):  
Shi He ◽  
Aijun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Linearization Method ◽  
Euler Method ◽  
Single Component ◽  
Hydrodynamic Drag ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Mooring Lines ◽  
The Time Domain

The numerical procedures for dynamic analysis of mooring lines in the time domain and frequency domain were developed in this work. The lumped mass method was used to model the mooring lines. In the time domain dynamic analysis, the modified Euler method was used to solve the motion equation of mooring lines. The dynamic analyses of mooring lines under horizontal, vertical, and combined harmonic excitations were carried out. The cases of single-component and multicomponent mooring lines under these excitations were studied, respectively. The case considering the seabed contact was also included. The program was validated by comparing with the results from commercial software, Orcaflex. For the frequency domain dynamic analysis, an improved frame invariant stochastic linearization method was applied to the nonlinear hydrodynamic drag term. The cases of single-component and multicomponent mooring lines were studied. The comparison of results shows that frequency domain results agree well with nonlinear time domain results.

A Multiple Harmonic Open-Loop Controller for Hydro/Aerodynamic Force Measurements in Rotating Machinery Using Magnetic Bearings

2002 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Baun ◽  
E. H. Maslen ◽  
C. R. Knospe ◽  
R. D. Flack
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Rotating Machinery ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Rotor Vibration ◽  
Aerodynamic Forces ◽  
Analog Input ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
The Time Domain

Inherent in the construction of many experimental apparatus designed to measure the hydro/aerodynamic forces of rotating machinery are features that contribute undesirable parasitic forces to the measured or test forces. Typically, these parasitic forces are due to seals, drive couplings, and hydraulic and/or inertial unbalance. To obtain accurate and sensitive measurement of the hydro/aerodynamic forces in these situations, it is necessary to subtract the parasitic forces from the test forces. In general, both the test forces and the parasitic forces will be dependent on the system operating conditions including the specific motion of the rotor. Therefore, to properly remove the parasitic forces the vibration orbits and operating conditions must be the same in tests for determining the hydro/aerodynamic forces and tests for determining the parasitic forces. This, in turn, necessitates a means by which the test rotor’s motion can be accurately controlled to an arbitrarily defined trajectory. Here in, an interrupt-driven multiple harmonic open-loop controller was developed and implemented on a laboratory centrifugal pump rotor supported in magnetic bearings (active load cells) for this purpose. This allowed the simultaneous control of subharmonic, synchronous, and superharmonic rotor vibration frequencies with each frequency independently forced to some user defined orbital path. The open-loop controller was implemented on a standard PC using commercially available analog input and output cards. All analog input and output functions, transformation of the position signals from the time domain to the frequency domain, and transformation of the open-loop control signals from the frequency domain to the time domain were performed in an interrupt service routine. Rotor vibration was attenuated to the noise floor, vibration amplitude ≈0.2 μm, or forced to a user specified orbital trajectory. Between the whirl frequencies of 14 and 2 times running speed, the orbit semi-major and semi-minor axis magnitudes were controlled to within 0.5% of the requested axis magnitudes. The ellipse angles and amplitude phase angles of the imposed orbits were within 0.3 deg and 1.0 deg, respectively, of their requested counterparts.

Time-Domain Nonlinear SSI Analysis of Foundation Sliding Using Frequency-Dependent Foundation Impedance Derived From SASSI

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Tabatabaie ◽  
Thomas Ballard
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Linear Systems ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Frequency Dependent ◽  
Nonlinear Springs ◽  
Mat Foundation ◽  
The Time Domain

Dynamic soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis of nuclear power plants is often performed in frequency domain using programs such as SASSI [1]. This enables the analyst to properly a) address the effects of wave radiation in an unbounded soil media, b) incorporate strain-compatible soil shear modulus and damping properties and c) specify input motion in the free field using the de-convolution method and/or spatially variable ground motions. For structures that exhibit nonlinearities such as potential base sliding and/or uplift, the frequency-domain procedure is not applicable as it is limited to linear systems. For such problems, it is necessary to solve the problem in the time domain using the direct integration method in programs such as ADINA [2]. The authors recently introduced a sub-structuring technique called distributed parameter foundation impedance (DPFI) model that allows the structure to be partitioned from the total SSI system and analyzed in the time domain while the foundation soil is modeled using the frequency-domain procedure [3]. This procedure has been validated for linear systems. In this paper we have expanded the DPFI model to incorporate nonlinearities at the soil/structure interface by introducing nonlinear shear and normal springs arranged in series between the DPFI and structure model. This combination of the linear far-field impedance (DPFI) plus nonlinear near-field soil springs allows the foundation sliding and/or uplift behavior be analyzed in time domain while maintaining the frequency-dependent stiffness and radiation damping nature of the far-field foundation impedance. To check the accuracy of this procedure, a typical NPP foundation mat supported at the surface of a layered soil system and subjected to harmonic forced vibration was first analyzed in the frequency domain using SASSI to calculate the target linear response and derive a linear, far-field DPFI model. The target linear solution was then used to validate two linear time-domain ADINA models: Model 1 consisting of the mat foundation+DPFI derived from the linear SASSI model and Model 2 consisting of the total SSI system (mat foundation plus a soil block). After linear alignment, the nonlinear springs were added to both ADINA models and re-analyzed in time domain. Model 2 provided the target nonlinear solution while Model 1 provided the results using the DPFI+nonlinear springs. By increasing the amplitude of the vibration load, different levels of foundation sliding were simulated. Good agreement between the results of two models in terms of the displacement response of the mat and cyclic force-displacement behavior of the springs validates the accuracy of the procedure presented herein.

IDENTIFICATION OF INTERHARMONICS BASED ON WAVELET PACKET TRANSFORM

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 031-036
Author(s):  
S. A. GOROVOY ◽  
◽  
V. I. SKOROKHODOV ◽  
D. I. PLOTNIKOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Wavelet Packet Transform ◽  
Mathematical Apparatus ◽  
Nonlinear Load ◽  
The Time Domain

This paper deals with the analysis of interharmonics, which are due to the presence of a nonlinear load. The tool for the analysis was a mathematical apparatus - wavelet packet transform. Which has a number of advantages over the traditional Fourier transform. A simulation model was developed in Simulink to simulate a non-stationary non-sinusoidal mode. The use of the wavelet packet transform will allow to determine the mode parameters with high accuracy from the obtained wavelet coefficients. It also makes it possible to obtain information, both in the frequency domain of the signal and in the time domain.

scholarly journals A research on fiber-optic vibration pattern recognition based on time-frequency characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 168781401881346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabi Fouda Bernard Marie ◽  
Dezhi Han ◽  
Bowen An ◽  
Jingyun Li
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
Pattern Recognition Method ◽  
Recognition Method ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Vibration Pattern ◽  
The Time Domain

To detect and recognize any type of events over the perimeter security system, this article proposes a fiber-optic vibration pattern recognition method based on the combination of time-domain features and time-frequency domain features. The performance parameters (event recognition, event location, and event classification) are very important and describe the validity of this article. The pattern recognition method is precisely based on the empirical mode decomposition of time-frequency entropy and center-of-gravity frequency. It implements the function of identifying and classifying the event (intrusions or non-intrusion) over the perimeter to secure. To achieve this method, the first-level prejudgment is performed according to the time-domain features of the vibration signal, and the second-level prediction is carried out through time-frequency analysis. The time-frequency distribution of the signal is obtained by empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert transform and then the time-frequency entropy and center-of-gravity frequency are used to form the time-frequency domain features, that is, combined with the time-domain features to form feature vectors. Multiple types of probabilistic neural networks are identified to determine whether there are intrusions and the intrusion types. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective and reliable in identifying and classifying the type of event.

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