scholarly journals Four-State Coupled-Line Resonator for Chipless RFID Tags Application

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wazie M. Abdulkawi ◽  
Abdel-Fattah A. Sheta
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Microstrip Resonator ◽  
Coupled Line ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Good Agreement

A novel quad-state coupled-line microstrip resonator is proposed for compact chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The proposed resonator can be reconfigured to present one of four possible states: 00, 01, 10, and 11, representing, no resonance, resonance at f2, resonance at f1, and resonance at both f1 and f2, respectively. The frequency span between f2 and f1 can be easily controlled, thereby reducing the required spectrum. Moreover, the proposed technique allows the storage of a large amount of data in a compact size to reduce the cost per bit. A multi-resonator prototype consisting of six resonators is designed, analyzed, and experimentally characterized. This prototype is implemented on the RT Duroid 5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2, loss tangent of 0.0009, and thickness of 0.79 mm. The designed configuration can be reconfigured for 46 codes. Two complete the RFID tags, including the six resonators and two orthogonally polarized transmitting and receiving antennas, are implemented and tested. The first tag code is designed for all ones, 111111111111, and the second tag is designed as 101010101010 code. Experimental results show good agreement with the simulation.

A low-profile FSS-based high capacity chipless RFID tag for sensing and encoding applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shahid Habib ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Ghaffer Iqbal Kiani ◽  
Wagma Ayub ◽  
Syed Muzahir Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract This paper presents a polarization-independent 11-bit chipless RFID tag based on frequency-selective surface which has been designed for encoding and relative humidity (RH) sensing applications. The 10 exterior U-shaped resonators are used for item encoding whereas Kapton has been incorporated with the interior resonator for RH sensing. This radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag operates in S- and C-frequency bands. The proposed design offers enhanced fractional bandwidth up to 88% with the density of 4.46 bits/cm2. Both single- and dual-layer tags have been investigated. The simulated results are in good agreement with measured results and a comparison with existing literature is presented to show the performance. Simple geometry, high code density, large frequency signature bandwidth, high magnitude bit, high radar cross-section, and angular stability for more than 75° are the unique outcomes of the proposed design. In addition, RH sensing has been achieved by integrating the Kapton on the same RFID tag.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Chipless RFID Tags: Fabrication through Additive Manufacturing

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4740
Author(s):  
Sergio Terranova ◽  
Filippo Costa ◽  
Giuliano Manara ◽  
Simone Genovesi
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Metallic Surfaces ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Promising Solution

A new class of Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) tags, namely the three-dimensional (3D)-printed chipless RFID one, is proposed, and their performance is assessed. These tags can be realized by low-cost materials, inexpensive manufacturing processes and can be mounted on metallic surfaces. The tag consists of a solid dielectric cylinder, which externally appears as homogeneous. However, the information is hidden in the inner structure of the object, where voids are created to encrypt information in the object. The proposed chipless tag represents a promising solution for anti-counterfeiting or security applications, since it avoids an unwanted eavesdropping during the reading process or information retrieval from a visual inspection that may affect other chipless systems. The adopted data-encoding algorithm does not rely on On–Off or amplitude schemes that are commonly adopted in the chipless RFID implementations but it is based on the maximization of available states or the maximization of non-overlapping regions of uncertainty. The performance of such class of chipless RFID tags are finally assessed by measurements on real prototypes.

scholarly journals Frequency-Coded Chipless RFID Tags: Notch Model, Detection, Angular Orientation, and Coverage Measurements

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jahangir Alam ◽  
Maher Khaliel ◽  
Abdelfattah Fawky ◽  
Ahmed El-Awamry ◽  
Thomas Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Federal Communications Commission ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Mathematical Representation ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Angular Orientation ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification

This paper focuses on the frequency coded chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) wherein the tag’s information bits are physically encoded by the resonators’ notch position which has an effect on the frequency spectrum of the backscattered or retransmitted signal of the tag. In this regard, the notch analytical model is developed to consider the notch position and quality factor. Besides, the radar cross section (RCS) mathematical representation of the tag is introduced to consider the incident wave’s polarization and orientation angles. Hence, the influences of the incident wave’s orientation and polarization mismatches on the detection performance are quantified. After that, the tag measurement errors and limitations are comprehensively explained. Therefore, approaches to measureing RCS- and retransmission-based tags are introduced. Furthermore, the maximum reading range is theoretically calculated and practically verified considering the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Ultra Wideband (UWB) regulations. In all simulations and experiments conducted, a mono-static configuration is considered, in which one antenna is utilized for transmission and reception.

scholarly journals Miniaturized Chipless RFID Tags Based on Periodically Loaded Microstrip Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 4679-4684
Author(s):  
M. Added ◽  
K. Rabaani ◽  
S. Chabaan ◽  
N. Boulejfen
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Resonant Circuit ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Coding Capacity ◽  
Microstrip Structure

A compact chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tag-based on slow-wave technology is introduced in this paper. The tag consists of a resonant circuit based on open stub resonators periodically loaded by shunt stubs allowing a coding capacity of 9 bits and operating in a frequency range from 2 to 4GHz. The receiving and transmitting antennas of the tag are particularly designed to minimize the tag size as much as possible. The proposed tag presents a robust bit pattern with a compact and fully printable structure using FR4 substrate for a low-cost tag.

Exploring Value-Added Applications of Chipless RFID Systems to Enhance Wider Adoption

2012 ◽  
pp. 221-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming K. Lim
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Rfid System ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
The Cost

Radio-frequency identification technology (RFID) is a popular modern technology proven to deliver a range of value-added benefits to achieve system and operational efficiency, as well as cost-effectiveness. The operational characteristics of RFID outperform barcodes in many aspects. Despite its well-perceived benefits, a definite rationale for larger scale adoption is still not so promising. One of the key reasons is high implementation cost, especially the cost of tags for applications involving item-level tagging. This has resulted in the development of chipless RFID tags which cost much less than conventional chip-based tags. Despite the much lower tag cost, the uptake of chipless RFID system in the market is still not as widespread as predicted by RFID experts. This chapter explores the value-added applications of chipless RFID system to promote wider adoption. The chipless technology’s technical and operational characteristics, benefits, limitations and current uses will also be examined. The merit of this chapter is to contribute fresh propositions to the promising applications of chipless RFID to increase its adoption in the industries that are currently not (or less popular in) utilising it, such as retail, logistics, manufacturing, healthcare, and service sectors.

scholarly journals Chipless RFID tags and sensors: a review on time-domain techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadali Forouzandeh ◽  
Nemai Chandra Karmakar
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Time Domain Reflectometry ◽  
Ultra Wideband ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Data Encoding ◽  
The Past ◽  
Rfid Systems ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification

In the past few years Radio Frequency Identification(RFID)has grown to be one of the most popular technologies in the area of identification systems. Following a brief survey of RFID systems, this paper provides a technical review of work undertaken in the field of time-domain chipless RFID tags and sensors. This paper aims not only to address the chipless tags which use Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) concept for data encoding but also for the use of Ultra-Wideband Impulse-Radar (UWB-IR) as a time-domain measurement technique. The penultimate section intends to focus on time-domain reading setups and finally, a brief comparison between this method and other chipless techniques is provided.

On BFSA Collision Resolution in LF, HF, and UHF RFID Networks

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Varun Bhogal ◽  
Zornitza Genova Prodanoff ◽  
Sanjay P. Ahuja ◽  
Kenneth Martin
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Uhf Rfid ◽  
Ceteris Paribus ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost

RFID (radio frequency identification) technology has gained popularity in a number of applications. Decreased cost of hardware components along with wide adoption of international RFID standards have led to the rise of this technology. One of the major factors associated with the implementation of RFID infrastructure is the cost of tags. RFID tags operating in the low frequency spectrum are widely used because they are the least expensive, but have a small implementation range. This paper presents an analysis of RFID performance across low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and ultra-high frequency (UHF) environments. The authors' evaluation is theoretical, using a passive-tag BFSA based simulation model that assumes 10 to 1,500 tags per reader and is created with OPNET Modeler 17. Ceteris paribus, the authors' results indicate that total census delay is lowest for UHF tags, while network throughput performance of LF tags is highest for large scale implementations of hundreds of tags in reader's range. A statistical analysis has been conducted on the findings for the three different sets.

scholarly journals A Review of Chipless Remote Sensing Solutions Based on RFID Technology

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (22) ◽  
pp. 4829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mc Gee ◽  
Anandarajah ◽  
Collins
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Impedance Change ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Remote Sensing Applications ◽  
Design Characteristics

Chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) has been used in a variety of remote sensing applications and is currently a hot research topic. To date, there have been a large number of chipless RFID tags developed in both academia and in industry that boast a large variation in design characteristics. This review paper sets out to discuss the various design aspects needed in a chipless RFID sensor. Such aspects include: (1) Addressing strategies to allow for unique identification of the tag, (2) Sensing mechanisms used to allow for impedance-based response signal modulation and (3) Sensing materials to introduce the desired impedance change when under the influence of the target stimulus. From the tabular comparison of the various sensing and addressing techniques, it is concluded that although many sensors provide adequate performance characteristics, more work is needed to ensure that this technology is capable/robust enough to operate in many of the applications it has been earmarked for.

scholarly journals Influence of Mutual Coupling on Stability of RCS Response in Chipless RFID

Technologies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Machac ◽  
Amine Boussada ◽  
Milan Svanda ◽  
Jaroslav Havlicek ◽  
Milan Polivka
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Mutual Coupling ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Position ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Domain Performance ◽  
Amplitude Level

The paper investigates the influence of mutual coupling between individual scatterings of chipless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags based on its frequency-domain performance using a simplified equivalent circuit model. The proposed steady state analysis predicts a fast and satisfactory amplitude level and frequency position of resonant peaks of a predicted radar cross section (RCS) response. The proposed approach is capable of pre-evaluating a suitability of the particular scattered topology for implementing in chipless RFID tags. It is demonstrated on two different geometries.

scholarly journals Flexible, Fully Printable, and Inexpensive Paper-Based Chipless Arabic Alphabet-Based RFID Tags

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Jawad Yousaf ◽  
Eqab Almajali ◽  
Mahmoud El Najjar ◽  
Ahmed Amir ◽  
Amir Altaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Electromagnetic Signature ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

This work presents the design and analysis of newly developed reconfigurable, flexible, inexpensive, optically-controlled, and fully printable chipless Arabic alphabet-based radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The etching of the metallic copper tag strip is performed on a flexible simple thin paper substrate (ϵr = 2.31) backed by a metallic ground plane. The analysis of investigated tags is performed in CST MWS in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz for the determination of the unique signature resonance characteristics of each tag in terms of its back-scattered horizontal and vertical mono-static radar cross section (RCS). The analysis reflects that each tag has its own unique electromagnetic signature (EMS) due to the changing current distribution of metallic resonator. This EMS of each tag could be used for the robust detection and recognition of all realized 28 Arabic alphabet tags. The study also discusses, for the first time, the effect of the change in font type and size of realized tags on their EMS. The robustness and reliability of the obtained EMS of letter tags is confirmed by comparing the RCS results for selective letter tags using FDTD and MoM numerical methods, which shows very good agreement. The proposed tags could be used for smart internet of things (IoT) and product marketing applications.

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