scholarly journals Flexible, Fully Printable, and Inexpensive Paper-Based Chipless Arabic Alphabet-Based RFID Tags

Sensors ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Jawad Yousaf ◽  
Eqab Almajali ◽  
Mahmoud El Najjar ◽  
Ahmed Amir ◽  
Amir Altaf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Metallic Copper ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Electromagnetic Signature ◽  
First Time ◽  
Good Agreement

This work presents the design and analysis of newly developed reconfigurable, flexible, inexpensive, optically-controlled, and fully printable chipless Arabic alphabet-based radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The etching of the metallic copper tag strip is performed on a flexible simple thin paper substrate (ϵr = 2.31) backed by a metallic ground plane. The analysis of investigated tags is performed in CST MWS in the frequency range of 1–12 GHz for the determination of the unique signature resonance characteristics of each tag in terms of its back-scattered horizontal and vertical mono-static radar cross section (RCS). The analysis reflects that each tag has its own unique electromagnetic signature (EMS) due to the changing current distribution of metallic resonator. This EMS of each tag could be used for the robust detection and recognition of all realized 28 Arabic alphabet tags. The study also discusses, for the first time, the effect of the change in font type and size of realized tags on their EMS. The robustness and reliability of the obtained EMS of letter tags is confirmed by comparing the RCS results for selective letter tags using FDTD and MoM numerical methods, which shows very good agreement. The proposed tags could be used for smart internet of things (IoT) and product marketing applications.

scholarly journals Four-State Coupled-Line Resonator for Chipless RFID Tags Application

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wazie M. Abdulkawi ◽  
Abdel-Fattah A. Sheta
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Microstrip Resonator ◽  
Coupled Line ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Good Agreement

A novel quad-state coupled-line microstrip resonator is proposed for compact chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The proposed resonator can be reconfigured to present one of four possible states: 00, 01, 10, and 11, representing, no resonance, resonance at f2, resonance at f1, and resonance at both f1 and f2, respectively. The frequency span between f2 and f1 can be easily controlled, thereby reducing the required spectrum. Moreover, the proposed technique allows the storage of a large amount of data in a compact size to reduce the cost per bit. A multi-resonator prototype consisting of six resonators is designed, analyzed, and experimentally characterized. This prototype is implemented on the RT Duroid 5880 substrate with a dielectric constant of 2.2, loss tangent of 0.0009, and thickness of 0.79 mm. The designed configuration can be reconfigured for 46 codes. Two complete the RFID tags, including the six resonators and two orthogonally polarized transmitting and receiving antennas, are implemented and tested. The first tag code is designed for all ones, 111111111111, and the second tag is designed as 101010101010 code. Experimental results show good agreement with the simulation.

scholarly journals Robust Detection for Chipless RFID Tags Based on Compact Printable Alphabets

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (21) ◽  
pp. 4785
Author(s):  
Rmili ◽  
Oussama ◽  
Yousaf ◽  
Hakim ◽  
Mittra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Visual Recognition ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Dielectric Substrate ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
The Impact

This work presents a novel technique for designing chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) tags which, unlike the traditional tags with complex geometries, are both compact and printable. The tags themselves are alphabets, which offers the advantage of efficient visual recognition of the transmitted data in real-time via radio frequency (RF) waves. In this study, the alphabets (e.g., a, b and c) are realized by using copper etching on a thin dielectric substrate (TLX-8) backed by a ground plane. It is shown that the original signature of the frequency response of the backscattered radar cross-section (RCS) of the letter, displays dips that are unique to the individual letters. The tags have been simulated, fabricated and their monostatic cross-sections have been measured by using a dual-polarized Vivaldi antenna in the frequency band ranging from 6 to 13 GHz. The study also includes, for the first time, a detailed analysis of the impact of changing the shape of the tag owing to variation in the font type, size, spacing, and orientation. The proposed letters of the alphabet are easily printable on the tag and provide an efficient way to visually recognized them and, hence, to detect them in a robust way, even with a low coding density of 2.63 bit/cm2. The advantages of the proposed novel identification method, i.e., utilization of the both co- and cross-polar RCS characteristics for the printable clipless RFID tags are the enhancement of the coding density, security and better detection of the alphabet tags with different fonts by capturing the tag characteristics with better signal to noise ratio (SNR). Good agreement has been achieved between the measured and simulated results for both co- and cross-polarized cases.

Theoretical study of ground radiation tag antenna with Tunable open-slot exciter

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Fang Lin ◽  
Ming-Jui Chang ◽  
Hua-Ming Chen ◽  
Shih-Ting Huang
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Power Measurement ◽  
Radiated Power ◽  
Quarter Wavelength ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Inductive Reactance

A novel radio frequency identification tag antenna is composed of a resonant open-slot exciter and a dipole-type ground radiator. For a conjugate match to the Alien Higgs-4 chip impedance of 8−j149 Ω at 925 MHz, a quarter wavelength open-slot resonator embedded at the center of the dipole-type ground plane (130 × 18 mm2) was investigated and fabricated. Simple size adjustments and various loaded inductor of the open-slot resonator allow for easy control of the tag antenna resistance and inductive reactance, from which the chip impedance requirement can be easily obtained. The read range of the prototype antenna attached on a foam in the free space can reach more than 9 m, which has been tested for a radio frequency identification reader with 4.0-W of effective isotropic radiated power. Measurement data are in good agreement with simulation results.

scholarly journals Development of a Semielliptical Partial Ground Plane Antenna for RFID and GSM-900

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Zaman ◽  
R. Azim ◽  
N. Misran ◽  
M. F. Asillam ◽  
T. Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Ground Plane ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Planar Antenna ◽  
Fractional Bandwidth ◽  
Feed Line ◽  
Response Change ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Good Agreement

A novel compact broadband patch antenna for UHF (ultrahigh frequency), RFID (radio frequency identification), and GSM-900 (global system for mobile communications) band is shown in this paper. The antenna is composed of an ellipse shape annular ring at the patch. The ground plane of the planar antenna is modified with a semiellipse shape slot. The structure can generate substantial amount of current at the feed-line. The geometry of the antenna is evaluated by using HFSS simulation software and deliberated across the paper. Parametric study is exhibited to delineate the response change of the antenna. The antenna has a physical width of 0.24 λand length of 0.3 λ. It covers a frequency starting from 0.9 GHz to 1.08 GHz. A fractional bandwidth of 18.2% has been achieved from 0.9 GHz till 1.08 GHz. An average gain of 5.5 dBi is achieved at the resonance frequency. The simulated and measured results have good agreement.

RFID, NFC, Beacons, and the Infrastructures of Logistical Locative Media

2020 ◽  
pp. 474-486
Author(s):  
Jordan Frith
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Near Field Communication ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Bluetooth Low Energy ◽  
Locative Media ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Machine Readable

The phrase the Internet of things was originally coined in a 1999 presentation about attaching radio frequency identification (RFID) tags to individual objects. These tags would make the objects machine-readable, uniquely identifiable, and, most importantly, wirelessly communicative with infrastructure. This chapter evaluates RFID as a piece of mobile communicative infrastructure, and it examines two emerging forms: near-field communication (NFC) and Bluetooth low-energy beacons. The chapter shows how NFC and Bluetooth low-energy beacons may soon move some types of RFID to smartphones, in this way evolving the use of RFID in payment and transportation and enabling new practices of post-purchasing behaviors.

A low-profile FSS-based high capacity chipless RFID tag for sensing and encoding applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Shahid Habib ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
Ghaffer Iqbal Kiani ◽  
Wagma Ayub ◽  
Syed Muzahir Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Frequency Selective Surface ◽  
Rfid Tag ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Simple Geometry ◽  
Chipless Rfid ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract This paper presents a polarization-independent 11-bit chipless RFID tag based on frequency-selective surface which has been designed for encoding and relative humidity (RH) sensing applications. The 10 exterior U-shaped resonators are used for item encoding whereas Kapton has been incorporated with the interior resonator for RH sensing. This radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag operates in S- and C-frequency bands. The proposed design offers enhanced fractional bandwidth up to 88% with the density of 4.46 bits/cm2. Both single- and dual-layer tags have been investigated. The simulated results are in good agreement with measured results and a comparison with existing literature is presented to show the performance. Simple geometry, high code density, large frequency signature bandwidth, high magnitude bit, high radar cross-section, and angular stability for more than 75° are the unique outcomes of the proposed design. In addition, RH sensing has been achieved by integrating the Kapton on the same RFID tag.

scholarly journals A Model of the Environmental Burden of RFID Technology in the Slovak Republic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3684
Author(s):  
Bibiana Bukova ◽  
Jiri Tengler ◽  
Eva Brumercikova
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency Identification ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Rfid Tags ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
Environmental Burden ◽  
The Core ◽  
Regulatory Approach ◽  
Frequency Identification ◽  
Model Household

The paper focuses on the environmental burden created by Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags in the Slovak Republic (SR). In order to determine the burden there, a model example was created to calculate electronic waste produced by households in the SR by placing RFID tags into municipal waste. The paper presents a legislative regulatory approach towards the environmental impacts from using RFID tags in the SR, as well as an analysis of the environmental burden of using RFID tags throughout the world. The core of the paper is focused on the research conducted in order to calculate the environmental burden of a model household in the SR, where the number of used RFID tags per year was observed; then, the volume of e-waste produced by households of the Slovak Republic per year was determined. In the conclusion, we provide the results of the research presented and discuss including our own proposal for solving the problems connected with the environmental burden of RFID technology.

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