scholarly journals A 0.94 μW 611 KHz In-Situ Logic Operation in Embedded DRAM Memory Arrays in 90 nm CMOS

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Myeong-Eun Hwang ◽  
Sungoh Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Reducing Power ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Memory Array ◽  
Process Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Logic Operations ◽  
Von Neumann Architecture ◽  
Time And Energy

Conventional computers based on the Von Neumann architecture conduct computation with repeated data movements between their separate processing and memory units, where each movement takes time and energy. Unlike this approach, we experimentally study memory that can perform computation as well as store data within a generic memory array in a non-Von Neumann architecture way. Memory array can innately perform NOR operation that is functionally complete and thus realize any Boolean functions like inversion (NOT), disjunction (OR) and conjunction (AND) operations. With theoretical exploration of memory array performing Boolean computation along with storing data, we demonstrate another potential of memory array with a test chip fabricated in a 90 nm logic process. Measurement results confirm valid in-situ memory logic operations in a 32-kbit memory system that successfully operates down to 135 mV consuming 130 nW at 750 Hz, reducing power and data traffic between the units by five orders of magnitude at the sacrifice of performance.

scholarly journals One Step in-Memory Solution of Inverse Algebraic Problems

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Giacomo Pedretti
Keyword(s):  
Memory Device ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Algebraic Operation ◽  
Processing Unit ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
One Step ◽  
Irregular Data ◽  
Von Neumann Architecture ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Inverse Operation

AbstractMachine learning requires to process large amount of irregular data and extract meaningful information. Von-Neumann architecture is being challenged by such computation, in fact a physical separation between memory and processing unit limits the maximum speed in analyzing lots of data and the majority of time and energy are spent to make information travel from memory to the processor and back. In-memory computing executes operations directly within the memory without any information travelling. In particular, thanks to emerging memory technologies such as memristors, it is possible to program arbitrary real numbers directly in a single memory device in an analog fashion and at the array level, execute algebraic operation in-memory and in one step. In this chapter the latest results in accelerating inverse operation, such as the solution of linear systems, in-memory and in a single computational cycle will be presented.

scholarly journals Nanoparticle-based computing architecture for nanoparticle neural networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (35) ◽  
pp. eabb3348
Author(s):  
Sungi Kim ◽  
Namjun Kim ◽  
Jinyoung Seo ◽  
Jeong-Eun Park ◽  
Eun Ho Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Boolean Logic ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Single Chip ◽  
Feed Forward Neural Network ◽  
Computing Architecture ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Dna Strands ◽  
Logic Operations ◽  
Von Neumann Architecture

The lack of a scalable nanoparticle-based computing architecture severely limits the potential and use of nanoparticles for manipulating and processing information with molecular computing schemes. Inspired by the von Neumann architecture (VNA), in which multiple programs can be operated without restructuring the computer, we realized the nanoparticle-based VNA (NVNA) on a lipid chip for multiple executions of arbitrary molecular logic operations in the single chip without refabrication. In this system, nanoparticles on a lipid chip function as the hardware that features memory, processors, and output units, and DNA strands are used as the software to provide molecular instructions for the facile programming of logic circuits. NVNA enables a group of nanoparticles to form a feed-forward neural network, a perceptron, which implements functionally complete Boolean logic operations, and provides a programmable, resettable, scalable computing architecture and circuit board to form nanoparticle neural networks and make logical decisions.

scholarly journals A 1T2C FeCAP-Based In-Situ Bitwise X(N)OR Logic Operation with Two-Step Write-Back Circuit for Accelerating Compute-In-Memory

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Qiao Wang ◽  
Donglin Zhang ◽  
Yulin Zhao ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Qiao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nonvolatile Memory ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Charge Sharing ◽  
Operation Speed ◽  
Sharing Function ◽  
Logic Operations ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Process Compatibility ◽  
Ferroelectric Capacitors

Ferroelectric capacitors (FeCAPs) with high process compatibility, high reliability, ultra-low programming current and fast operation speed are promising candidates to traditional volatile and nonvolatile memory. In addition, they have great potential in the fields of storage, computing, and memory logic. Nevertheless, effective methods to realize logic and memory in FeCAP devices are still lacking. This study proposes a 1T2C FeCAP-based in situ bitwise X(N)OR logic based on a charge-sharing function. First, using the 1T2C structure and a two-step write-back circuit, the nondestructive reading is realized with less complexity than the previous work. Second, a method of two-line activation is used during the operation of X(N)OR. The verification results show that the speed, area and power consumption of the proposed 1T2C FeCAP-based bitwise logic operations are significantly improved.

scholarly journals Dynamics of in-process control with non-contact air gauges

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-186
Author(s):  
Mirosław Rucki ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Dynamic Error ◽  
Back Pressure ◽  
Practical Recommendation ◽  
Measuring Range ◽  
Process Measurement ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
End Stage

Dynamic properties of the air gauges performing in-process measurement are of the great importance because of dynamic error affecting the measurement results. The paper presents the analysis of the air gauges dynamics and some practical recommendation. The investigations proved the dependence of the time constants on the actually measured back-pressure. In practical solutions of in-process control, the air gauge must work in conditions of falling back-pressure since with the material removal dimensions of the machined workpiece go down. Thus, in the area of the smallest values of back-pressure within the measuring range, the time constant value is the largest. Worsening of the air gauge dynamic properties at the end stage of the machining must be considered when the dynamic characteristics of the projected air gauge are calculated.

scholarly journals Performance Evaluation of Cleanroom Environmental Systems

2003 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengfang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Contamination Control ◽  
Performance Benchmarking ◽  
Power Intensity ◽  
Environmental Systems ◽  
Measurement Results

This paper presents in-situ measurement results for energy and environmental performance of 13 cleanroom systems located in the United States, including key metrics for evaluating cleanroom air system performance and overall electric power intensity. Comparisons with IEST Recommended Practice IEST-RP-CC012.1: Considerations in Cleanroom Design are made to examine the performance of cleanroom air systems. Based on the results, the paper discusses likely opportunities for improving cleanroom energy efficiency while maintaining effective contamination control. The paper concludes that there are wide variations in energy performance of cleanroom environmental systems, and that performance benchmarking can serve as a vehicle to identify energy efficient cleanroom design practices and to highlight important issues in cleanroom operation and maintenance.

scholarly journals Atmospheric CO2, CH4, and CO with CRDS technique at the Izaña Global GAW station: instrumental tests, developments and first measurement results

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel J. Gomez-Pelaez ◽  
Ramon Ramos ◽  
Emilio Cuevas ◽  
Vanessa Gomez-Trueba ◽  
Enrique Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Drift Rate ◽  
Inlet Pressure ◽  
Response Functions ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Ambient Measurements ◽  
Acceptance Tests ◽  
Term Maintenance

Abstract. At the end of 2015, a CO2/CH4/CO Cavity Ring-Down Spectrometer (CRDS) was installed at the Izaña Global Atmosphere Watch station (Tenerife, Spain) to improve the Izaña Greenhouse gases GAW measurement programme, and to guarantee the renewal of the instrumentation and the long-term maintenance of this programme. We present the results of the CRDS acceptance tests, the processing of raw data applied through novel numerical codes, and the response functions used. Also, the calibration results, the implemented water vapour correction, the target gas injection statistics, the ambient measurements performed from December 2015 to July 2017, and their comparison with other continuous in situ measurements are described. The agreement with other in situ continuous measurements is good most of the time for CO2 and CH4, but for CO is just outside the GAW 2-ppb objective. It seems the disagreement is not produced by significant drifts in the CRDS CO WMO tertiary standards. The main novelties are: 1) determination of a slight CO2 correction that takes into account changes in the inlet pressure/flow rate; 2) detailed justification of the use of virtual tanks to monitor the response function changes in time; 3) drift rate determination for the pressure and temperature sensors located inside the CRDS cavity; 4) novelties in the determination of the H2O correction for CO; and 5) determination and discussion of the origin of the CRDS-flow inlet pressure and H2O dependences.

scholarly journals Modelling the Heating Process at Transient and Steady State of an In Situ Tape Laying Machine Head

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonny Rodrigues ◽  
Paulo Reinier Gonçalves ◽  
Luís Miguel Pina ◽  
Fernando Gomes de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Response ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
Finite Differences Method ◽  
Shape Complexity ◽  
Automated Processes ◽  
Alternative Processes ◽  
Time And Energy

As use of composite materials increases, the search for suitable automated processes gains relevance to guarantee production quality by ensuring uniformity of the process, minimizing the amount of generated scrap and reducing time and energy consumption. Limitations on production by traditional means such as hand lay-up, vacuum bagging and in-autoclave methods, tend not to be as efficient when the size and shape complexity of the part being produced increases, motivating the search for alternative processes such as the Automated Tape Laying (ATL). This work aims to describe the process of modelling and simulating a composite ATL with in situ consolidation by characterizing the machine elements, using the finite differences method in conjunction with energy balances, in order to create a digital twin of the process for further control design. The modelling approach implemented is able to follow the process dynamics when changes to the heating element are imposed as well as to predict the composite material temperature response, making it suitable to work as a digital twin of a production process using an ATL machine.

Grain Growth in Al: First Results from a Combined Study of Bulk and In-Situ Experiments Using a Columnar Structured Al Foil

2004 ◽  
Vol 467-470 ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Piazolo ◽  
Vera G. Sursaeva ◽  
David J. Prior
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Boundary Energy ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
First Results ◽  
Backscatter Diffraction

First results from grain growth experiments in a columnar structured Al foil show several interesting features: (a) the grain size distribution remains heterogeneous even after up to 300 min. annealing and (b) the Von Neumann-Mullins relation is not always satisfied. To clarify the underlying reasons for these features, in-situ heating experiments within a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were combined with detailed Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis. These show that the movement of boundaries can be strongly heterogeneous. For example, the complete replacement of one grain by a neighbouring grain without significant change of the surrounding grain boundary topology is frequently seen. Experiments show that grain boundary energy and/or mobility are anisotropic both with respect to misorientation and orientation of grain boundary plane. Low energy and/or mobility boundaries are commonly low angle boundaries, twin boundaries and boundaries that form traces to a low index plane of at least one of the adjacent grains. As a consequence the Von Neumann-Mullins relation is not always satisfied.

From von Neumann Architecture and Atanasoff’s ABC to Neuromorphic Computation and Kasabov’s NeuCube. Part II: Applications

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Gholami Doborjeh ◽  
Zohreh Gholami Doborjeh ◽  
Akshay Raj Gollahalli ◽  
Kaushalya Kumarasinghe ◽  
Vivienne Breen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Von Neumann ◽  
Von Neumann Architecture

The First Generation of Computers

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-142
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Primiero
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Universal Model ◽  
Von Neumann ◽  
Model Of Computation ◽  
Von Neumann Architecture

This chapter starts with the analysis of the engineering foundation of computing which, proceeding in parallelwith themathematical foundation, led to the design and creation of physical computingmachines. It illustrates the historical evolution of the first generation of computing and their technical foundation, known as the von Neumann architecture. Fromthe conceptual point of view, the chapter clarifies the relation between the universal model of computation and the construction of an all-purpose machine.

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