scholarly journals Development and Calibration of an Open Source, Low-Cost Power Smart Meter Prototype for PV Household-Prosumers

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanchez-Sutil ◽  
Cano-Ortega ◽  
Hernandez ◽  
Rus-Casas
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
International Electrotechnical Commission ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Accuracy Class ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
High Resolution Data

Smart meter roll-out in photovoltaic (PV) household-prosumers provides easy access to granular meter measurements, which enables advanced energy services. The design of these services is based on the training and validation of models. However, this requires temporal high-resolution data for generation/load profiles collected in real-world household facilities. For this purpose, this research developed and successfully calibrated a new prototype for an accurate low-cost On-time Single-Phase Power Smart Meter (OSPPSM), which corresponded to these profiles. This OSPPSM is based on the Arduino open-source electronic platform. Not only can it locally store information, but can also wirelessly send these data to cloud storage in real-time. This paper describes the hardware and software design and its implementation. The experimental results are presented and discussed. The OSPPSM demonstrated that it was capable of in situ real-time processing. Moreover, the OSPPSM was able to meet all of the calibration standard tests in terms of accuracy class 1 (measurement error ≤1%) included in the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standards for smart meters. In addition, the evaluation of the uncertainty of electrical variables is provided within the context of the law of propagation of uncertainty. The approximate cost of the prototype was 60 € from eBay stores.

scholarly journals Smart Public Lighting Control and Measurement System Using LoRa Network

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sánchez Sutil ◽  
Antonio Cano-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Dynamic Control ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
High Resolution Data

The installation of smart meters in smart cities to monitor streetlights (SLs) provides easy access to measurements of electrical variables and lighting levels, which improves the operation of installation. The use of smart meters in cities requires temporary high-resolution data to improve the energy efficiency (EE) of SLs. Long range (LoRa) is an ideal wireless protocol for use in smart cities due to its low energy consumption, secure communications, and long range indoors and outdoors. For this purpose, we developed a low-cost new system and successfully evaluated it by developing three devices, namely the measure and control device for street lights (MCDSL), lighting level measurement device (LLMD) and gateway LoRa network (GWLN), based on the Arduino open-source electronic platform. This paper describes the hardware and software design and its implementation. Further, an algorithm has been developed to enhance the energy efficiency of public lights using MCDSL, the energy efficiency for street lights (EESL) algorithm, that use the illumination level measured on the same set of SLs with a dynamic control, which assumed different lighting levels throughout the night, and adjusted luminous flux based on the traffic intensity of pedestrians. It sends the acquired data through the LoRa low-power wide-area-network (LPWAN) to the cloud.

scholarly journals Capturing high-resolution water demand data in commercial buildings

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Melville-Shreeve ◽  
Sarah Cotterill ◽  
David Butler
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Site Water

Abstract Water demand measurements have historically been conducted manually, from meter readings less than once per month. Leading water service providers have begun to deploy smart meters to collect high-resolution data. A low-cost flush counter was developed and connected to a real-time monitoring platform for 119 ultra-low flush toilets in 7 buildings on a university campus to explore how building users influence water demand. Toilet use followed a typical weekly pattern in which weekday use was 92% ± 4 higher than weekend use. Toilet demand was higher during term time and showed a strong, positive relationship with the number of building occupants. Mixed-use buildings tended to have greater variation in toilet use between term time and holidays than office-use buildings. The findings suggest that the flush sensor methodology is a reliable method for further consideration. Supplementary data from the study's datasets will enable practitioners to use captured data for (i) forecast models to inform water resource plans; (ii) alarm systems to automate maintenance scheduling; (iii) dynamic cleaning schedules; (iv) monitoring of building usage rates; (v) design of smart rainwater harvesting to meet demand from real-time data; and (vi) exploring dynamic water pricing models, to incentivise optimal on-site water storage strategies.

scholarly journals Monitoring of the Efficiency and Conditions of Induction Motor Operations by Smart Meter Prototype Based on a LoRa Wireless Network

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1040 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cano-Ortega ◽  
F. Sánchez-Sutil
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Area Network ◽  
Wide Area Network ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Received Signal Strength Indicator ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Approximate Cost ◽  
Wireless Protocol

The installation of smart meters in the industry to monitor induction motors (IMs) provides easy access to the measurements of the electrical and mechanical variables, which improves the installation process. Using smart meters in industry requires temporary high-resolution data to improve the energy efficiency (EE) and power factor (PF) of IMs. For these purposes, Long Range (LoRa) is an ideal wireless protocol for the usage in industries due to its low energy consumption. In addition, it provides secure communications and long range indoors and outdoors. LoRa avoids the need to install antennas or routers to extend coverage, as each gateway can service 300 LoRa devices with distances of up to 10 km. For this purpose, this research successfully developed a new prototype for a low-cost IM Efficiency Monitoring System using LoRa (IMEMSL). IMEMSL is based on the Arduino open-source electronic platform. It sends the acquired data through the LoRa low-power wide-area-network (LPWAN) and cloud access gateway. This document describes the hardware and software design and implementation. The experimental results are presented and discussed. Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and time on air measured endorse the use of LoRa for this type of meters. The approximate cost of the prototype was €72 and €93 for the versions without and with Global Positioning System (GPS), respectively.

scholarly journals Digital Vein Mapping Using Augmented Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Mohamed Taha ◽  
◽  
Mohamed Ibrahim ◽  
Hala Zayed ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Infrared Radiation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Frame Rate ◽  
Infrared Light ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Time Systems

Vein detection is an important issue for the medical field. There are some commercial devices for detecting veins using infrared radiation. However, most of these commercial solutions are cost-prohibitive. Recently, veins detection has attracted much attention from research teams. The main focus is on developing real-time systems with low-cost hardware. Systems developed to reduce costs suffer from low frame rates. This, in turn, makes these systems not suitable for real-world applications. On the other hand, systems that use powerful processors to produce high frame rates suffer from high costs and a lack of mobility. In this paper, a real-time vein mapping prototype using augmented reality is proposed. The proposed prototype provides a compromised solution to produce high frame rates with a low-cost system. It consists of a USB camera attached to an Android smartphone used for real-time detection. Infrared radiation is employed to differentiate the veins using 20 Infrared Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The captured frames are processed to enhance vein detection using light computational algorithms to improve real-time processing and increase frame rate. Finally, the enhanced view of veins appears on the smartphone screen. Portability and economic cost are taken into consideration while developing the proposed prototype. The proposed prototype is tested with people of different ages and gender, as well as using mobile devices of different specifications. The results show a high vein detection rate and a high frame rate compared to other existing systems.

scholarly journals Arduino based platform for process control learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 0585-0593
Author(s):  
Bruna Couto Molinar Henrique ◽  
Leonardo Couto Molinar Henrique ◽  
Humberto Molinar Henrique
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Control Unit ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Internal Model Control ◽  
Pid Controllers ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Source Codes ◽  
Model Control

This work deals with implementation of an experimental flowrate control unit using free and low-cost hardware and software. The open-source software Processing was used to develop the source codes and user graphical interface and the open-source electronic prototyping platform Arduino was used to acquire data from an experimental unit. Work presents descriptions of the experimental setup, the real-time PID controllers used and theoretical/conceptual issues of Arduino. PID controllers based on internal model control, minimization of the integral of time-weighted absolute error, Ziegler-Nichols, and others were tuned for setpoint and load changes and real-time runs were carried out in order to make real-time use of  control theory learned in academy. Results showed the developed platform proved to be suitable for use in experimental setups allowing users compare their ideas and expectations with the experimental evidence in a real and low-cost fashion. In addition, the instrumentation is simple to configure with acceptable level noise and particularly useful for control/automation learning with educational purposes.

Comparison of Low-Cost Real-Time Processing Platforms for the Development of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Avionics

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben Campos-Canizales ◽  
Orlando Martinez-Galvan ◽  
E. Liceaga-Castro ◽  
Carlos Vaquera ◽  
Luis Amezquita-Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Real Time Processing ◽  
Time Processing ◽  
Aerial Vehicles

scholarly journals Open source modules for tracking animal behavior and closed-loop stimulation based on Open Ephys and Bonsai

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Paolo Buccino ◽  
Mikkel Elle Lepperød ◽  
Svenn-Arne Dragly ◽  
Philipp Häfliger ◽  
Marianne Fyhn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Data Formats ◽  
Behavioral Tracking ◽  
Real Time Tracking ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Closed Loop Stimulation

AbstractObjectiveA major goal in systems neuroscience is to determine the causal relationship between neural activity and behavior. To this end, methods that combine monitoring neural activity, behavioral tracking, and targeted manipulation of neurons in closed-loop are powerful tools. However, commercial systems that allow these types of experiments are usually expensive and rely on non-standardized data formats and proprietary software which may hinder user-modifications for specific needs. In order to promote reproducibility and data-sharing in science, transparent software and standardized data formats are an advantage. Here, we present an open source, low-cost, adaptable, and easy to set-up system for combined behavioral tracking, electrophysiology and closed-loop stimulation.ApproachBased on the Open Ephys system (www.open-ephys.org) we developed multiple modules to include real-time tracking and behavior-based closed-loop stimulation. We describe the equipment and provide a step-by-step guide to set up the system. Combining the open source software Bonsai (bonsai-rx.org) for analyzing camera images in real time with the newly developed modules in Open Ephys, we acquire position information, visualize tracking, and perform tracking-based closed-loop stimulation experiments. To analyze the acquired data we provide an open source file reading package in Python.Main resultsThe system robustly visualizes real-time tracking and reliably recovers tracking information recorded from a range of sampling frequencies (30-1000Hz). We combined electrophysiology with the newly-developed tracking modules in Open Ephys to record place cell and grid cell activity in the hippocampus and in the medial entorhinal cortex, respectively. Moreover, we present a case in which we used the system for closed-loop optogenetic stimulation of entorhinal grid cells.SignificanceExpanding the Open Ephys system to include animal tracking and behavior-based closed-loop stimulation extends the availability of high-quality, low-cost experimental setup within standardized data formats serving the neuroscience community.

scholarly journals Smart Metering: A Better Way To Monitor Consumer Electricity Usage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Smart Meter ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Smart Meters ◽  
Process Flow ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Complete Market

<div>This paper presents the development and implementation of a low-cost smart meter.</div><div>The smart meter is one of the major components of the distribution network. The</div><div>proposed low-cost smart meter is compared with already existing smart meters</div><div>deployed in the market. The comparison metrics involve cost, security, installation,</div><div>and lifetime. In this study, we have presented the market segment and the beachhead</div><div>market of the proposed product. The TAM size is calculated for better market</div><div>analysis by calculating the overall customer size. A complete proposed process flow</div><div>is explained for cost saving comparison, along with a complete market survey. In this</div><div>paper, the whole technology and hardware needed for the low-cost smart meter is</div><div>explained in detail along with the total cost of testing and installation.</div>

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