scholarly journals A Co-Opetition Straw Supply Strategy Integrating Rural Official Organizations and Farmers’ Behavior in China

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaiyan Luo ◽  
Xingping Zhang ◽  
Qinliang Tan
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Multi Agent ◽  
Agricultural Producer ◽  
Biomass Power Plants

China has a huge potential of biomass power generation since it is a big agricultural producer and abundant in agriculture straw. However, the current straw supply system cannot guarantee the feedstock sufficiency for biomass power plants. The main reason is the high costs of straw collection and transportation because farmers are scattered across the country and farming in a small-scaled method for self-support. This study aims at solving the issue with the introduction of China’s rural official organizations to collect agriculture straw in a centralized way and to share benefits with farmers. We apply the approach of multi-agent modeling and simulation to analyze the farmer’s participation behavior within a co-opetition supply strategy after the rural official organizations are incorporated. The results demonstrate that farmers’ participation is positively affected by the cooperative enthusiasm of rural official organizations. In addition to those basic factors, such as straw price, transportation cost, and shipping distance, the benefit sharing policy has a significant impact on the equilibrium percentage of the cooperative farmers. We recommend that the Chinese central government encourage and support rural official organizations to participate in the agriculture straw supply chain, and the benefit sharing policy should be implemented with the precaution against free rides.

Dendrobiomass Based Power Generation - A PCS (Production to Consumption System) Approach in Tamil Nadu, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
P. Durairasu ◽  
K. Parthiban
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Consumption System ◽  
The Impact

Bioresources particularly the dendro energy resources play significant role in meeting the energy requirement of both domestic and industrial requirements. With the improvement in the technology of conversion and utilization over the last three decades dendro energy resources have reached a status of being considered as commercial energy resources and are prioritized for use in decentralized biomass based power generation projects. However, many biomass based power plants started in the country in general and the state of Tamil Nadu in particular have exhibited various constraints which resulted in uncertained power generation. The reasons are numerous but the key factors are non-availability of quality (High Calorific Value) raw material, fragmented land use pattern, lack of site specific HDSR models, unorganized supply chain and lack of partnership among various stake holders. Against this back drop, the current project has conceived a concept of consortium mode dendro energy farming by comprehensively involving all levels of stake holders viz., research institutes for technology development for dendro energy resources, biomass power plant for assuring minimum support price and to facilitate contract farming, the farmers to grow energy trees identified by the research institutes and adopt precision silvicultural technology and lastly the financial institution to provide credit facilities to energy plantation growers. This consortium has been successfully introduced and implemented in Tamil Nadu in association with Auromira Energy Company Limited which have three Biomass Power Plants with an installed capacity of 35.5 MW. Through this consortium, the research institute has identified high yielding energy rich species and developed HDSR models suitable for varied agroclimatic zones. This consortium has introduced contract dendro energy farming in the state following farm forestry and captive model approaches. The various contract farming models land lease, tree share and income share models have been introduced through this consortium to benefit the growers and the biomass based power plants. In a holistic perspective the consortium has reduced the impact of multipartite supply chain in to a bi-partite, tri-partite and quad partite model supply chain thereby helped to augment the Production to Consumption System (PCS). This model can suitably be modified to meet the wood requirement of other wood based industries. This paper discusses the constraints and the interventions made to augment dendrobioresources to generate power which are from clean and green bioresources.

Methodology for optimizing geographical distribution and capacities of biomass power plants in Sabah, East Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Seng Lim ◽  
Siong Lee Koh ◽  
Stella Morris
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Capital Costs ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Biomass Power Plants

Purpose – Biomass waste can be used as fuel in biomass power plants to generate electricity. It is a type of renewable energy widely available in Malaysia because 12 million tons of the biomass waste is produced every year. At present, only 5 per cent of the total biomass waste in Sabah, one of the states in Malaysia, is used to generate electricity for on-site consumption. The remaining 95 per cent of the biomass waste has not been utilized because the transportation cost for shifting the waste from the plantations to the power plants is substantial, hence making the cost of the biomass generated electricity to be high. Therefore, a methodology is developed and presented in this paper to determine the optimum geographic distribution and capacities of the biomass power plants around a region so that the cost of biomass generated electricity can be minimized. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology is able to identify the potential locations of biomass power plants on any locations on a region taking into account the operation and capital costs of the power plants as well as the cost of connecting the power plants to the national grid. The methodology is programmed using Fortran. Findings – This methodology is applied to Sabah using the real data. The results generated from the methodology show the best locations and capacities of biomass power plants in Sabah. There are 20 locations suitable for biomass power plants. The total capacity of these biomass power plants is 4,996 MW with an annual generation of 35,013 GWh. This is sufficient to meet all the electricity demand in Sabah up to 2030. Originality/value – The methodology is an effective tool to determine the best geographic locations and sizes of the biomass power plants around a region.

scholarly journals An Economic and Technology Analysis of a New High-Efficiency Biomass Cogeneration System: A Case Study in DC County, China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3957
Author(s):  
Hui Huang ◽  
Xiaoli Yan ◽  
Shizhong Song ◽  
Yingying Du ◽  
Yanlei Guo
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Water Heating ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Cogeneration System ◽  
Biomass Power Plants ◽  
Heating Technology

Biomass is the fourth largest energy source in the world; it is easy to store and can be converted into various kinds of renewable energies. The biomass cogeneration system is an important way to utilize biomass energy, especially in northern China. At present, there are many problems in biomass power plants in China, such as high latent heat loss of chimney and cooling towers, low power generation efficiency, and thermal efficiency. In order to solve this problem, this paper introduces low vacuum circulating water heating technology in the biomass cogeneration system, and expounds the differences between China and Western countries in biomass power plants. Based on this background, the technology is redesigned and reformed to make it more suitable for the biomass fuel varieties in the power plant location, and realize the localization of technology and the expansion of scale. The application of this improved technology in China’s biomass cogeneration project is analyzed. Based on the biomass cogeneration project in the DC County of China, the analysis confirms that the designed low vacuum circulating water heating technology is suitable for biomass power generation projects with agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials, and its application can greatly improve the heat utilization efficiency of the whole cogeneration system. At the same time, in order to estimate the possibility of profitable investment when the key financial parameters change, the financial risk is analyzed. The results show that the probability of 90% net present value (NPV) in 15 years is between 355.28 million RMB and 623.96 million RMB, and the internal rate of return can reach 17.7%.

Conceptualizing a Resilient Supply Chain for Single-fuel Biomass Power Plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Kalyan Bhaskar ◽  
Nikunj Kumar Jain
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Biomass Power Plant ◽  
Biomass Power Plants

India is taking several steps to decarbonize electricity as part of the climate change mitigation efforts. One of those steps has been to promote electricity generation from biomass. Past research has focused on risks related to technology, cost, financing, policy, and supply chain in case of biomass power, but there have been limited studies on risks arising due to climate change. Climate change can have major implications for the supply chain of biomass power plants by affecting the underground water availability and land productivity and thereby affecting the availability of biomass for power plants. The effect could be more acute for single-fuel biomass power plants rather than for multi-fuel biomass power plants. Using data from an 8 megawatt (MW) biomass power plant and by developing a conceptual model, this article models risks arising due to climate change and assesses their likely impact on single-fuel biomass power plants. Two key insights emerge from the analysis: (a) A supply chain that is not sustainable and resilient to climate change impacts poses a major risk to the profits of a biomass power plant; and (b) Single-fuel biomass power plants may need to change their businesses and sourcing strategies by either turning into multi-fuel biomass power plant or by increasing the catchment area of their sourcing.

scholarly journals The Development of Straw-Based Biomass Power Generation in Rural Area in Northeast China—An Institutional Analysis Grounded in a Risk Management Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Tsunemi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Biomass Supply ◽  
Management Perspective ◽  
Biomass Power Plant ◽  
Biomass Power Plants

Given a lack of consideration for the role and importance of stakeholders and the importance of stakeholders in the operation of biomass power plants in China, a comprehensive analysis oriented toward stakeholder risk management is needed to further develop the country’s biomass energy industry. Accordingly, we analyzed institutional factors that contribute to or constrain progress in biomass power generation in China. Data were collected from 275 straw suppliers (farmers) living around a biomass power plant, 15 middlemen, five power plant managers, and five local government officers. Interviews were held with all the participants, but questionnaires were additionally administered to the straw suppliers. Results showed that: (1) risk transfer in the biomass supply chain is one of the reasons why farmers are unwilling to supply straw; (2) middlemen are vital intermediaries between biomass power plant managers and farmers as a middleman-based biomass supply system is necessary to guarantee the quantity of straw supply, and; (3) the institutional structure that underlies the Chinese biomass energy industry is immature.

scholarly journals Using improved iterative gravity method to optimize the investment location of agricultural biomass power generation projects: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (9&10) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Zhibin Liu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Aisheng Ren
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Normal Operation ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Agricultural Biomass ◽  
Biomass Power Plants ◽  
Investment Location

Biomass power generation has characteristics of good quality of power generation, high reliability and mature technology. It plays significant aspects in maintaining the safety of energy, optimizing energy structure, alleviating environmental pollution and promoting the economic development in the rural areas. Analyzing the investment of biomass power generation in China systematically cannot only improve the scientificity of the investment process, but also guide the industry to develop rapidly and healthily. At present, the investment areas of agricultural biomass power generation projects are too concentrated and the fuel supply is difficult, which affect the normal operation of biomass power plants and lead to loss or on the verge of profit and loss of biomass power generation plants. This paper constructed the optimal model of investment location of agricultural biomass power generation projects using the iterative gravity algorithm based on the key factors analysis to affect the operation costs of agricultural biomass power plants. The model optimized the transportation lines and transportation distance, and gained the smallest transport costs of power generation materials after a few iterative calculations. This paper took Huantai County as an example, and determined the optimal investment location of agricultural biomass power project using the Region props toolbox of Matlab 7.4. The simulating calculation of Huantai County showed that the results given by this model are reliable, and this method to select the investment location of agricultural biomass power projects is feasible and effective.

Research on Supply Chain Cooperation Optimization Model of Electric Heating Market Replacing Traditional Coal Power Generation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 5824-5835
Author(s):  
Yang Zhuo ◽  
Wang Ju ◽  
Tang Jie
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Electric Heating ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Revenue Sharing ◽  
Chain Structure ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Revenue Sharing Contract

Objectives: The rapid development of central heating service in China mostly uses fossil fuels such as coal for production. The market competitiveness of new energy such as wind and solar energy to replace coal to produce heat energy for heating is relatively poor. Under the multiple requirements of energy security, ambient air quality and low carbon, electric heating is practicable because of its flexible use, adapts to the differential demand of consumers for heat, which energy supply can improve efficiency with the progress of power generation technology and so on. On the basis of case study data and results of residential users, companies and public buildings adopting electric heating technology, the analysis of consumer demand, supply chain structure and market relationship in China's electric heating market, this paper discusses the supply chain cooperation model by using revenue sharing contract mode. The results show that the performance of the benefit sharing ratio in the data simulation is acceptable when the revenue sharing contract is used in the supply chain. This model can promote the spontaneous and effective operation of the market, and help the local government in China to get rid of the embarrassment of the continuous subsidy.

Case Study: Maximizing Business Performance by Optimizing Supply Chain Of LNG-C Distribution of 9 Gas Power Plants with A Capacity of 780 MW in Eastern Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wara
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Total Power ◽  
First Year ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Logistics Optimization ◽  
The Government ◽  
Milk Run

The Government of Indonesia plans to build 9 gas power plants in South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi and Southeast Nusa Tenggara with a total power capacity of 780 MW with an estimated actual gas demand of 46.56 MMSCFD which are planned to be supplied by the Bontang terminal, DS-LNG, Masela LNG, and Tangguh LNG. LNG-C logistics optimization is needed to get the best transportation scenario regarding the eastern region which consists of scattered islands and inadequate infrastructure. This study analyzes and evaluates the best-case scenarios by comparing the time and cost variables. The process of planning the supply chain starts from determining the upstream-downstream distribution scheme and then calculates the shipping distance which results in the determination of the quantity, capacity and shipping of the LNG-C. Based on the analysis and calculation of the logistics, it is concluded that there are 3 divisions of clusters of Kalimantan-Sulawesi, NTT and NTB having estimated needs in a row of 18.06, 18.8, and 9.7 MMSCFD with the Milk-Run transportation method. Logistics optimization results show that scenario 1 has an efficiency value of 87% with an LNG-C transport capacity of 0.35 MMSCF, a roundtrip cruise time of 8.6 days and the number of shipments is 36 / year. The detailed analysis of costs in scenario A is 1-2 USD / MMBTU for the milk and run transportation method, 1.49-1.73 USD / MBTU for LNG-C transport costs, and regasification costs which are 1.0-3.7 USD / MMBTU. Based on the above results it can be calculated that the price of gas in the first year of implementation was 13.4 USD / MMBTU, so the total value below this supply chain was Rp.8,812,876,800.00. Therefore, this idea was created as a solution for the initial steps for the utilization of the domestic natural gas distribution

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