scholarly journals Improvement of Heat Dissipation Characteristics of Cu Bus-Bar in the Switchboards through Shape Modification and Surface Treatment

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Min-Jun Kim ◽  
Sang-Hwan Bak ◽  
Woo-Chul Jung ◽  
Deog-Jae Hur ◽  
Dong-Shin Ko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Phase Array ◽  
Shape Modification ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Conventional Plate ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Plate Type

In order to improve energy efficiency by increasing heat dissipation performance of bus-bar which distributes the current in high-power switchboard, the heat dissipation effects of the shape modification and surface treatment of Cu bus-bar were studied. The surface temperatures of the conventional plate-type bus-bar, and the improved tunnel-type bus-bar were compared by using electromagnetic and thermal analyses. The optimum thickness of tunnel-type bus-bar and the spacing and array among three bus-bars were calculated; and the surface temperature of tunnel-type bus-bar showed 7.9 °C lower than that of plate-type bus-bar in a 3-phase array condition. In addition, the surface and internal temperatures of the uncoated, CNT (Carbon nanotube)-coated, and BN (Boron nitride)-coated Cu bus-bars were measured with thermal imaging camera and the experiment using a hot plate. It was confirmed that the difference in the internal temperature between uncoated and BN-coated Cu was 19.4 °C. The application of the bus-bar improved from this study might contribute to the increase in power energy efficiency.

scholarly journals Modern theoretical and practical measures to improve the energy efficiency of industrial buildings in Zaporizhzhia

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
D.S. Ivanenko ◽  
O.S. Ishchenko ◽  
O.M. Nazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. Problem statement. The problem of improving the energy efficiency of industry is today one of the most pressing and is being developed in several modern areas. One of the leading directions in this field is the development of the principles of sustainable architecture. The purpose of the article is to identify the main measures for the rational use of thermal resources, reducing energy consumption at industrial enterprises, which leads to a significant impact on the development of the country in the European direction. The use of foreign approaches to form a holistic methodology for assessing energy efficiency. Analysis of publications. The study of not only foreign, but also domestic modern theoretical developments and practical experience will allow to achieve the goal − to increase an energy efficiency of industrial buildings in Zaporizhzhia region. There are examples among European countries, which largely meet modern requirements, including energy efficiency in industry. Results of the study. The effectiveness of measures to improve energy efficiency is defined as the difference in the cost of energy consumed after their implementation. The first step in obtaining the results of energy efficiency is an energy survey or energy audit. Upon completion of the above operations, the customer must be provided with a report on the inspection of the facility, which includes recommendations (measures) to reduce the consumption of fuel and energy resources and their feasibility study, as well as the energy passport of the facility. Conclusions. The paper identifies the main aspects that need to be considered when drawing up an energy saving program at an industrial enterprise, which includes measures to improve energy efficiency. Also identified the main means of improving the energy efficiency of industry in Zaporizhzhia. Keywords: energy efficiency of buildings; energy efficiency improvement; rational use of energy resources; industrial construction; reconstruction of industrial enterprises; heat saving

scholarly journals From practice to policy — exploring the travel and transformation of energy savings calculations and its implications for future energy transitions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Petter Johansen ◽  
Petter Grytten Almklov ◽  
Tomas Moe Skjølsvold
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Technology Use ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Industry Research ◽  
Policy Program ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
The Difference

AbstractImproving energy efficiency in industries is imperative for sustainable transitions. This article explores the logic behind calculating energy savings from energy efficiency improvements. Based on a qualitative study of industry-research projects and policies to improve energy efficiency in Norway, the article presents different ways energy savings are estimated when assessing the viability of novel technologies. Here, energy savings are calculated as the difference in energy consumption between a proposed technology (use-case) and an alternative scenario (base-case). We discuss the heterogeneity of the chosen cases of comparison, as they are associated with a wide variety of uncertainty, contextual preconditions, estimates, and projections. Further, we trace the calculations of energy savings of one of these projects as they move from the context of research and technology assessment to official reporting. We show how the circumstances where these numbers are produced become black-boxed as the calculations are transformed and aggregated into a policy program-specific measurement “energy results” in Norway. Our findings show that the project and policy objectives and measurements point in somewhat different directions. Through this, we unpack the logic inscribed in energy savings calculations and the way these are applied to reach multiple goals.

scholarly journals Allocation of Energy Saving Target for Provinces Based on Cluster Analysis in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chau Dinh Van
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
National Data ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
Cluster 2

In order to meet the national energy saving goals set in the Vietnam National Energy Efficiency Program in the period of 2019 – 2030 (VNEEP), the Vietnamese government has adopted a series solutions and policies to improve energy efficiency. The Vietnam’s 63 provinces will be as main actor for the national achievement in energy efficiency. Thus, understanding the province’s potentiality of energy efficiency is useful for the harmonious and sustainable development between the economy and energy systems. In this study, provincial and national data from General Statistic Office are analyzed in terms of the energy efficiency levels. With the trends of economic development and energy consumption in both national and regional levels, the Lorenz curve between Vietnamese energy consumption and GDP is investigated. The Lorenz coefficient shows the energy allocation is nether reasonable nor balanced. By using clustering method, the 63 provinces of Vietnam clustered into 7 groups that the provinces in the cluster has the similar indexes of energy efficiency i.e. ability, responsibility, potential and difficulty. The energy consumption and GDP are predicted in the period of 2019 – 2025. Based on the difference of GDP development and energy consumption levels, the target of energy efficiency for each province through clustering is set. The results show that 33 provinces included in the cluster 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 are heavy contribution. Among them, the provinces in the cluster 2 and 3 need to focus on the industry sector in their energy saving policy. The cluster 7 included the under-developed provinces can learn development’s experiences of the provinces in the cluster 1, 2, 3 and 4 to find the best way of their future development.

Effect Analysis of Nitrogen Injection on the Variation of “Oxidation Zone” in Coal Mine Gob Based on Numerical Simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Jing Shen ◽  
Mingran Chang
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Spontaneous Combustion ◽  
Oxidation Zone ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Mine Fire ◽  
Nitrogen Injection ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Residual Coal

One of the main reasons for coal mine fire is spontaneous combustion of residual coal in gob. As the difference of compaction degree of coal and rock, the underground gob can be considered as a porous medium and divided into “three zones” in accordance with the criteria. The “three zones” are “heat dissipation zone”, “oxidation zone” and “choking zone”, respectively. Temperature programming experiments are taken and numerical simulation with obtained experimental data is utilized to analyze the distribution of “three zones” in this paper. Different width and depth of “oxidation zone” are obtained when the inlet air velocity is changed. As the nitrogen injection has inhibition effect on spontaneous combustion of residual coal in gob, nitrogen is injected into the gob. The widths of “oxidation zone” are compared before and after nitrogen injection. And ultimately the optimum location and volume of nitrogen injection are found out.

scholarly journals Prognostic Assessment of the Performance Parameters for the Industrial Diesel Engines Operated with Microalgae Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6482
Author(s):  
Sergejus Lebedevas ◽  
Laurencas Raslavičius
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Prognostic Assessment ◽  
High Speed Diesel ◽  
Microalgae Oil ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Smoke Opacity ◽  
Efficiency Indicators

A study conducted on the high-speed diesel engine (bore/stroke: 79.5/95.5 mm; 66 kW) running with microalgae oil (MAO100) and diesel fuel (D100) showed that, based on Wibe parameters (m and φz), the difference in numerical values of combustion characteristics was ~10% and, in turn, resulted in close energy efficiency indicators (ηi) for both fuels and the possibility to enhance the NOx-smoke opacity trade-off. A comparative analysis by mathematical modeling of energy and traction characteristics for the universal multi-purpose diesel engine CAT 3512B HB-SC (1200 kW, 1800 min−1) confirmed the earlier assumption: at the regimes of external speed characteristics, the difference in Pme and ηi for MAO100 and D100 did not exceeded 0.7–2.0% and 2–4%, respectively. With the refinement and development of the interim concept, the model led to the prognostic evaluation of the suitability of MAO100 as fuel for the FPT Industrial Cursor 13 engine (353 kW, 6-cylinders, common-rail) family. For the selected value of the indicated efficiency ηi = 0.48–0.49, two different combinations of φz and m parameters (φz = 60–70 degCA, m = 0.5 and φz = 60 degCA, m = 1) may be practically realized to achieve the desirable level of maximum combustion pressure Pmax = 130–150 bar (at α~2.0). When switching from diesel to MAO100, it is expected that the ηi will drop by 2–3%, however, an existing reserve in Pmax that comprises 5–7% will open up room for further optimization of energy efficiency and emission indicators.

scholarly journals Are Cross-Border Classes Feasible for Students to Collaborate in the Analysis of Energy Efficiency Strategies for Socioeconomic Development While Keeping CO2 Concentration Controlled?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1584
Author(s):  
Roberto Araya ◽  
Pedro Collanqui
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Concept Maps ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
School Students ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Science Classes

Education is critical for improving energy efficiency and reducing CO2 concentration, but collaboration between countries is also critical. It is a global problem in which we cannot isolate ourselves. Our students must learn to collaborate in seeking solutions together with others from other countries. Thus, the research question of this study is whether interactive cross-border science classes with energy experiments are feasible and can increase awareness of energy efficiency among middle school students. We designed and tested an interactive cross-border class between Chilean and Peruvian eighth-grade classes. The classes were synchronously connected and all students did experiments and answered open-ended questions on an online platform. Some of the questions were designed to check conceptual understanding whereas others asked for suggestions of how to develop their economies while keeping CO2 air concentration at acceptable levels. In real time, the teacher reviewed the students’ written answers and the concept maps that were automatically generated based on their responses. Students peer-reviewed their classmates’ suggestions. This is part of an Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) education project on energy efficiency using APEC databases. We found high levels of student engagement, where students discussed not only the cross-cutting nature of energy, but also its relation to socioeconomic development and CO2 emissions, and the need to work together to improve energy efficiency. In conclusion, interactive cross-border science classes are a feasible educational alternative, with potential as a scalable public policy strategy for improving awareness of energy efficiency among the population.

scholarly journals Dimensionless Analysis on the Characteristics of Pneumatic Booster Valve with Energy Recovery

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kotaro Tadano ◽  
Gangyan Li ◽  
Toshiharu Kagawa
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Air Power ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Dimensionless Analysis ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Save Energy

Factories are increasingly reducing their air supply pressures in order to save energy. Hence, there is a growing demand for pneumatic booster valves to overcome the local pressure deficits in modern pneumatic systems. To further improve energy efficiency, a new type of booster valve with energy recovery (BVER) is proposed. The BVER principle is presented in detail, and a dimensionless mathematical model is established based on flow rate, gas state, and energy conservation. The mathematics model was transformed into a dimensionless model by accurately selecting the reference values. Subsequently the dimensionless characteristics of BVER were found. BVER energy efficiency is calculated based on air power. The boost ratio is found to be mainly affected by the operational parameters. Among the structural ones, the recovery/boost chamber area ratio and the sonic conductance of the chambers are the most influential. The boost ratio improves by 15%–25% compared to that of a booster valve without an energy recovery chamber. The efficiency increases by 5%–10% depending on the supply pressure. A mathematical model is validated by experiment, and this research provides a reference for booster valve optimisation and energy saving.

Thermal investigations of microelectronic chip with non‐uniform power distribution: temperature prediction and thermal placement design optimization

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teck Joo Goh ◽  
K.N. Seetharamu ◽  
G.A. Quadir ◽  
Z.A. Zainal ◽  
K. Jeevan Ganeshamoorthy
Keyword(s):  
Power Distribution ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Convection Heat Transfer ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Junction Temperature ◽  
Thermal Investigations ◽  
Placement Distance

This paper presents the thermal analyses carried out to predict the temperature distribution of the silicon chip with non‐uniform power dissipation patterns and to determine the optimal locations of power generating sources in silicon chip design layout that leads to the desired junction temperature, Tj. Key thermal parameters investigated are the heat source placement distance, level of heat dissipation, and magnitude of convection heat transfer coefficient. Finite element method (FEM) is used to investigate the effect of the key parameters. From the FEM results, a multiple linear regression model employing the least‐square method is developed that relates all three parameters into a single correlation which would predict the maximum junction temperature, Tj,max.

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