scholarly journals Simulation of Thermal Behaviour of a Lithium Titanate Oxide Battery

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Test System ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide

One of the reasonable possibilities to investigate the battery behaviour under various temperature and current conditions is the development of a model of the lithium-ion batteries and then by employing the simulation technique to anticipate their behaviour. This method not only can save time but also they can predict the behaviour of the batteries through simulation. In this investigation, a three-dimensional model is developed to simulate thermal and electrochemical behaviour of a 13Ah lithium-ion battery. In addition, the temperature dependency of the battery cell parameters was considered in the model in order to investigate the influence of temperature on various parameters such as heat generation during battery cell operation. Maccor automated test system and isothermal battery calorimeter were used as experimental setup to validate the thermal model, which was able to predict the heat generation rate and temperature at different positions of the battery. The three-dimensional temperature distributions which were achieved from the modelling and experiment were in well agreement with each other throughout the entire of discharge cycling at different environmental temperatures and discharge rates.

scholarly journals An Experimental Analysis of Entropic Coefficient of a Lithium Titanate Oxide Battery

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Thermal Cycle ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Temperature State ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide ◽  
Temperature Levels

In order to understand the thermal behaviour of a lithium-ion battery, the heat generation within the cell should be determined. The entropic heat coefficient is necessary to determine for the heat generation calculation. The entropic heat coefficient is one of the most important factors, which affects the magnitude of the reversible heat. The purpose of this research is to analyze and investigate the effect of different parameters on the entropic coefficient of lithium titanate oxide batteries. In this research, a lithium ion pouch cell was examined in both charging and discharging situations. The state of charge levels range was considered from 10% to 90%, and vice versa, in 10% increments. The temperature levels vary from 5 °C to 55 °C and the voltage levels vary from 1.5 V to 2.8 V. The effect of different parameters such as initial temperature, state of charge, thermal cycle, time duration for thermal cycles, and procedure prior to the thermal cycle on the entropic coefficient of lithium titanate oxide batteries were investigated. It was concluded that there is a strong influence of the battery cell state of charge on the entropic heat coefficient compared with other parameters.

scholarly journals Heat Loss Measurement of Lithium Titanate Oxide Batteries under Fast Charging Conditions by Employing Isothermal Calorimeter

Batteries ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide ◽  
Temperature Efficiency ◽  
Constant Current Charge

To understand better the thermal behaviour of lithium-ion batteries under different working conditions, various experiments were applied to a 13 Ah Altairnano lithium titanate oxide battery cell by means of isothermal battery calorimeter. Several parameters were measured such as the battery surface temperature, voltage, current, power, heat flux, maximum temperature and power area. In addition, the efficiency was calculated. Isothermal battery calorimeter was selected as the most appropriate method for heat loss measurements. Temperatures on the surface of the battery were measured by employing four contact thermocouples (type K). In order to determine the heat loss of the battery, constant current charge and discharge pulses at sixteen different C-rates were applied to the battery. It was seen that the charge and discharge C-rates has a considerable influence on the thermal behaviours of lithium-ion batteries. In this research paper, the C-rate was linked to the peak temperature, efficiency and heat loss and it was concluded that they are linear dependent on the C-rate. In addition, the outcomes of this investigation can be used for battery thermal modelling and design of thermal management systems.

scholarly journals An Electrical Equivalent Circuit Model of a Lithium Titanate Oxide Battery

Batteries ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Equivalent Circuit Model ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Electrical Equivalent Circuit ◽  
Battery Model ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide ◽  
Voltage Performance

A precise lithium-ion battery model is required to specify their appropriateness for different applications and to study their dynamic behavior. In addition, it is important to design an efficient battery system for power applications. In this investigation, a second-order equivalent electrical circuit battery model, which is the most conventional method of characterizing the behavior of a lithium-ion battery, was developed. The current pulse procedure was employed for parameterization of the model. The construction of the model was described in detail, and a battery model for a 13 Ah lithium titanate oxide battery cell was demonstrated. Comprehensive characterization experiments were accomplished for an extensive range of operating situations. The outcomes were employed to parameterize the suggested dynamic model of the lithium titanate oxide battery cell. The simulation outcomes were compared to the laboratory measurements. In addition, the proposed lithium-ion battery model was validated. The recommended model was assessed, and the proposed model was able to anticipate precisely the current and voltage performance.

scholarly journals Thermal Characterizations of a Lithium Titanate Oxide-Based Lithium-Ion Battery Focused on Random and Periodic Charge-Discharge Pulses

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Pulse Charge ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide

Thermal characterization of lithium-ion batteries is essential to improve an efficient thermal management system for lithium-ion batteries. Besides, it is needed for safe and optimum application. The investigated lithium-ion battery in the present research is a commercially available lithium titanate oxide-based lithium-ion battery, which can be used in different applications. Different experimental facilities were used to measure lithium-ion battery heat generation at different operating conditions and charge and discharge rates in this investigation. Isothermal battery calorimeter is the exclusive calorimeter globally, suitable for lithium-ion batteries’ accurate thermal measurements. Pulse charge and discharge in different increments of state of charge were applied to the lithium titanate oxide-based lithium-ion battery to designate the heat generation of the lithium-ion battery cell. Three different cases were studied. The precise effects of different state-of-charge levels and current-rates on lithium-ion battery total generated heat was investigated. The maximum heat generation during 13 A, 40 A, 50 A, 60 A and 100 A pulse discharges were 0.231 Wh, 0.77 Wh, 0.507 Wh, 0.590 Wh and 1.13 Wh correspondingly. It could be inferred that in the case of periodic charge and discharge pulses applied to the lithium titanate oxide-based lithium-ion battery, important parameters including state of charge, current rates, initial cycling, and temperature have a significant influence on total generated heat.

Thermal Analysis of a Dynamic Lithium-Ion Battery during Charge

2012 ◽  
Vol 516-517 ◽  
pp. 489-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Qiang E ◽  
Yan Ping Long ◽  
Xiao Feng Hu ◽  
Rong Jia Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Electrochemical Reaction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Reaction Heat ◽  
Temperature Distributions

Four types of heat sources of a dynamic lithium-ion battery (LIB) during charge were studied, and temperature distributions inside the dynamic LIB caused by the four kinds of heat generation sources with different currents and temperatures during charge were simulated by using a electrochemical-thermal three-dimensional model. The ohmic heat is the largest heat resource with about 63.5% in the total heat generation during regular charge, the electrochemical reaction heat is dominant when the SOC is below around 10%, and the subsidiary reaction heat can not be ignored when the temperature in the battery is above 80°C. Current as well as ambient temperature plays a very important role in the overall thermal behaviors of the battery.

scholarly journals Applying Different Configurations for the Thermal Management of a Lithium Titanate Oxide Battery Pack

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63
Author(s):  
Seyed Saeed Madani ◽  
Erik Schaltz ◽  
Søren Knudsen Kær
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Titanate ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Lithium Titanate Oxide ◽  
Cooling Mechanism ◽  
Flow Configurations

This investigation’s primary purpose was to illustrate the cooling mechanism within a lithium titanate oxide lithium-ion battery pack through the experimental measurement of heat generation inside lithium titanate oxide batteries. Dielectric water/glycol (50/50), air and dielectric mineral oil were selected for the lithium titanate oxide battery pack’s cooling purpose. Different flow configurations were considered to study their thermal effects. Within the lithium-ion battery cells in the lithium titanate oxide battery pack, a time-dependent amount of heat generation, which operated as a volumetric heat source, was employed. It was assumed that the lithium-ion batteries within the battery pack had identical initial temperature conditions in all of the simulations. The lithium-ion battery pack was simulated by ANSYS to determine the temperature gradient of the cooling system and lithium-ion batteries. Simulation outcomes demonstrated that the lithium-ion battery pack’s temperature distributions could be remarkably influenced by the flow arrangement and fluid coolant type.

scholarly journals Electrical Response of Mechanically Damaged Lithium-Ion Batteries

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4284
Author(s):  
Damoon Soudbakhsh ◽  
Mehdi Gilaki ◽  
William Lynch ◽  
Peilin Zhang ◽  
Taeyoung Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Battery Management System ◽  
Battery Cell ◽  
Cell Parameters

Lithium-ion batteries have found various modern applications due to their high energy density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge. However, increased use of these batteries has been accompanied by an increase in safety concerns, such as spontaneous fires or explosions due to impact or indentation. Mechanical damage to a battery cell is often enough reason to discard it. However, if an Electric Vehicle is involved in a crash, there is no means to visually inspect all the cells inside a pack, sometimes consisting of thousands of cells. Furthermore, there is no documented report on how mechanical damage may change the electrical response of a cell, which in turn can be used to detect damaged cells by the battery management system (BMS). In this research, we investigated the effects of mechanical deformation on electrical responses of Lithium-ion cells to understand what parameters in electrical response can be used to detect damage where cells cannot be visually inspected. We used charge-discharge cycling data, capacity fade measurement, and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) in combination with advanced modeling techniques. Our results indicate that many cell parameters may remain unchanged under moderate indentation, which makes detection of a damaged cell a challenging task for the battery pack and BMS designers.

scholarly journals Preliminary crystallographic studies of aSchistosoma mansoniantigen (Sm21.7) dynein light-chain (DLC) domain

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. F. Costa ◽  
F. T. G. Rodrigues ◽  
B. C. A. Chagas ◽  
C. M. F. Rezende ◽  
A. M. Goes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Dynein Light Chain ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Terminal Domain ◽  
Drug Of Choice

Schistosomiasis is an inflammatory chronic disease that represents a major health problem in tropical and subtropical countries. The drug of choice for treatment, praziquantel, is effective in killing adult worms but fails to kill immature forms and prevent reinfection. One prominent antigen candidate for an anti-schistosomiasis vaccine is the protein Sm21.7 (184 amino-acid residues) fromSchistosoma mansoni, a tegumental protein capable of reducing the worm burden in a murine immunization model. In the present work, the Sm21.7 gene was cloned and expressed inEscherichia coliand the full-length protein was purified to homogeneity. Crystals of recombinant Sm21.7 suitable for X-ray diffraction were obtained using PEG monomethyl ether 2000 as a precipitant. X-ray diffraction images of a native crystal (at 2.05 Å resolution) and a quick-cryosoaked NaI derivative (at 1.95 Å resolution) were collected on the W01B-MX2 beamline at the Laboratório Nacional de Luz Síncrotron (LNLS, Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory/MCT). Both crystals belonged to the hexagonal space groupP6122, with similar unit-cell parametersa=b= 108.5,c= 55.8 Å. SIRAS-derived phases were used to generate the first electron-density map, from which a partial three-dimensional model of Sm21.7 (from Gln89 to Asn184) was automatically constructed. Anaysis of dissolved crystals by SDS–PAGE confirmed that the protein was cleaved in the crystallization drop and only the Sm21.7 C-terminal domain was crystallized. The structure of the Sm21.7 C-terminal domain will help in the localization of the epitopes responsible for its protective immune responses, constituting important progress in the development of an anti-schistosomiasis vaccine.

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