scholarly journals Assessment of Flexibilisation Potential by Changing Energy Sources Using Monte Carlo Simulation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Dunkelberg ◽  
Maximilian Sondermann ◽  
Henning Meschede ◽  
Jens Hesselbach
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Load Curve ◽  
Positive Direction ◽  
Heat System

In the fight against anthropogenic climate change, the benefit of the integration of fluctuating renewable energies (wind and photovoltaics) into the electricity grid is a widely proved concept. At the same time, a fluctuating and decentralised supply of energy, especially at lower voltage levels, leads to a local discrepancy in the power balance between generation and consumption. A possible solution in connection with demand side management is the grid-oriented flexibilisation of energy demand. The present study shows how the use of an innovative hybrid-redundant high-temperature heat system (combined heat and power (CHP), power-to-heat system (PtH), gas boiler) can contribute to a flexibilisation of the electrical energy demand of plastics processing companies. In this context, the flexibilisation potential of a company is to be understood as the grid-related change of the energy supply through a change of the energy sources within the framework of the process heat supply. For this purpose, an omniscient control algorithm is developed that specifies the schedule of the individual system components. A sensitivity analysis is used to test the functionality of the control algorithm. Determination of the electrical flexibilisation potential is carried out via a comprehensive simulation study using Monte Carlo methods. For this purpose, the residual load curves of four characteristic distribution grids with a high share of renewable energies as well as heat load profiles of injection moulding machines are taken into consideration. A frequency distribution provides information on the electrical flexibilisation potential to be expected depending on the various combinations. The evaluation is carried out using a specially introduced logic, which identifies grid-relevant changes in the company's power consumption as flexibilisation potential based on a reference load curve. The results show that a reliable energy supply for production is possible despite flexibilisation. Depending on the grid under consideration, there are differences in the exploitation of the potential, which essentially depends on the installed renewable capacity. Depending on the scenario under consideration, an average of up to 1486 kWhel can be shifted in a positive direction and 1199 kWhel in a negative direction.

scholarly journals The Markov Chain of Energy Carryover Reserves in Models of Power Supply Reliability in Remote

2019 ◽  
Vol 114 ◽  
pp. 03004
Author(s):  
Elena Gubiy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Supply System ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Markov Sequence ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Supply Reliability

We consider mathematical models for analyzing the energy supply reliability of isolated systems and propose a three-level complex of nested models. The lower level represents the model of functioning of the energy supply system during the period under review. The second level is a model of the energy supply reliability analysis. This analysis is based on multiple simulations of functioning of the energy supply system in randomly formed conditions. The energy sources demand and supply, as well as the amount of carryover reserves of energy in storage, are assumed to be random values. To simulate functioning, the values of energy demand and production are formed using the Monto-Carlo method following their laws of probability. The random value of the carryover reserves is formed using the algorithm that generates the Markov sequence of these reserves. The upper level is represented by the model for selecting the optimal composition of the means ensuring reliability, i.e. energy reserves in the energy production and storage capacity. It was revealed that the algorithm for generating the random value of the energy sources carryover reserves yields the homogenous Markov sequence. Sufficient conditions for uniqueness of the stationary state were determined. Based on the experimental calculations, we estimated the number of iterations required to reach the stationary ergodic state.

Heterogeneous Communication Architecture to Enable Demand Response Management for the Smart Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 760-762 ◽  
pp. 652-655
Author(s):  
Zhong Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Demand Response ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Communication Architecture ◽  
Home Area

Demand response entails the control of the energy demand and loads during critical peak situations to achieve a balance between electrical energy supply and demand. A robust communication infrastructure, which consists of network components of Home Area Networks (HANs) and Neighborhood Area Networks (NANs) is the touchstone to achieve the demand response goals. This paper surveys existing communication technologies that can be adopted for demand response applications. A heterogeneous communication architecture based on Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Ethernet Passive Optical Networks (EPONs) is presented, and the reliability and scalability requirements of communication system is satisfied.

Energieflexibilität von Produktionsanlagen*/Energy flexibility of production systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (03) ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
C. Liebl ◽  
R. Popp ◽  
M. F. Zäh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
German Industry ◽  
Energy Availability ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Detailed Evaluation ◽  
Evaluating Methods

Der Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien in Deutschland konfrontiert die deutsche Industrie mit einem volatilen Energieangebot. Eine Möglichkeit hierauf zu reagieren ist, den Energiebedarf flexibel dem Angebot anzupassen und niedrige Strompreise zu nutzen. Ergänzend zu den bestehenden Bewertungsmethoden wird eine Vorgehensweise vorgestellt, die eine Beurteilung des Potentials an Energieflexibilität einzelner Anlagen erlaubt. Ziel ist es, anhand einer Voruntersuchung entscheiden zu können, ob diese Anlagen einer intensiven Bewertung unterzogen werden sollten.   With the expanded use of renewable energy sources, German industry will be faced with a volatile energy supply. One way to react is to adapt energy demand to energy availability. In addition to existing evaluating methods, an approach to review the potential energy flexibility of production systems is presented. The objective is to be able to decide, if a detailed evaluation of the energy flexibility of a machine is useful.

scholarly journals Toward Sustainable Energy-Independent Buildings Using Internet of Things

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5954
Author(s):  
Naser Hossein Motlagh ◽  
Ali Khatibi ◽  
Alireza Aslani
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Web Application ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Zero Energy

Buildings are one of the primary consumers of energy. In addition to the electricity grids, renewable energies can be used to supply the energy demand of buildings. Intelligent systems such as the Internet of Things (IoT) and wireless sensor technologies can also be applied to manage the energy consumption in buildings. Fortunately, integrating renewable energies with these intelligent systems enables creating nearly zero-energy buildings. In this paper, we present the results of our experimentation to demonstrate forming such a building and showing the benefits for building users and the society. We create a system by integrating photovoltaic (PV) technology with an IoT-based control mechanism to supply and consume energy. We further illustrate “how the integration of IoT and PV technology can bring added value to the users?”. To this end, we evaluate the performance of our system against conventional ways of energy supply and consumption for a lighting use case in a dairy store. We also investigate the environmental and economic impacts of our system. In our implementation, for the IoT-based control system, we have used a set of sensors, a server, and a wireless network to control the energy consumption. We developed a web application for user interaction and software-based settings. To control the lighting system, we developed an algorithm that utilizes the ambient light, users’ movements inside the store and a historical dataset. The historical dataset was collected from the users’ behaviour as a training set for the algorithm for turning on and off the lights. We also designed an electricity management system that computes the energy generation by the PV panels, controls the energy supply, and imports and exports electricity to the grid. The results show that our system is an efficient approach for creating energy-independent buildings by integrating renewable energies with IoT-based control systems. The results also show that our system not only responds to the internal demand by using domestic supply, but it also (i) offers economic benefit by exporting extra renewable electricity to the grid, and (ii) prevents producing huge amounts of CO2. Our system is one of the first works to achieve a nearly zero-energy building in the developing countries with low electricity accessibility.

Decarbonizing the Energy Supply May Increase Energy Demand

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard York
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Environmental Implications

In order to limit human impact on the global climate, it is necessary to decarbonize the energy supply of nations by adopting clean energy sources to replace fossil fuels. However, as I show here on the basis of an analysis of cross-national time-series data for the past five decades, reducing the carbon intensity of overall energy use is associated with higher energy use, and reducing the carbon intensity of electricity production is associated with higher electricity production. These findings suggest that adding noncarbon and low-carbon energy generation capacity may be connected with processes that spur energy demand. This has important environmental implications, since alternative energy sources have serious environmental impacts of their own. The policy challenge is to ensure that clean energy sources replace rather than add to carbon-based energy.

Developing a new optimization energy model using fuzzy linear programming1

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Şeyma Emeç ◽  
Gökay Akkaya
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Model ◽  
Fuzzy Linear Programming ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Package Program ◽  
Technological Developments

Energy consumption increases due to technological developments, urbanization, industrialization and population. The fact that the constantly increasing energy demand is not exactly known is an important issue for countries. In addition, due to changing climate conditions, the amount of emission emitted and energy produced from energy sources are also not quite known. Therefore, determining the energy demand, protecting the environment, and minimizing the energy cost by using resources effectively has become one of the most important problems of countries. In this context, the present study developed a fuzzy optimal renewable energy model (F-OREM) to solve the energy problem involving fuzzy parameters. Fuzzy linear programming (FLP) models provide the best decision by producing faster and more flexible solutions compared to classical linear programming (CLP) models in situations where there are uncertainties and a lack of information. The purpose of the developed model was to minimize the cost of generating electrical energy from different energy sources in an uncertain environment under potential, demand, emission and efficiency constraints. The developed F-OREM was operated using CPLEX decoder in the GAMS 24.2.3 package program and using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) for ∝ different values between 0-1. The results showed that the results of the metaheuristic method and the results of the GAMS package program were the same, and the results were consistent According to the results obtained, the emission level at which the objective function was minimum (when ∝=1) was at the lowest level. In this case, the total emitted amount was 1,06125E+14 g-CO2/kWh.. In this context, the developed model can be applied using metaheuristic or heuristic methods for larger test cases with thousands of variables. This study contributed to the practicality of FLP by offering decision-makers a wider solution area than the CLP approach.

scholarly journals WIND DRIVEN WAVES' ENERGETIC POTENTIAL ASSESSMENT ON BRAZILIAN SOUTH-SOUTHEASTERN COAST

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phelype Haron Oleinik ◽  
Wiliam Correa Marques ◽  
Eduardo De Paula Kirinus
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Spectral Wave Model ◽  
Average Potential ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The One ◽  
Energy Exploitation

The electrical energy demand is constantly growing, making the study of new energy sources necessary. The worries about climate change make it almost mandatory that these sources are renewable. The ocean is a vast source of energy that is not yet fully exploited. With this in mind, for this paper, wind generated waves were simulated along the Brazilian South-Southeast shelf to evaluate the existence of places with appropriate potential for conversion into electrical energy. The simulations were run using the spectral wave model TOMAWAC, for the time between January and December 2006. The preliminary results have shown two places on the continental shelf near the coastal zone, with potential for wave energy exploitation. The first location, around the island Ilhabela, has a higher energetic potential than the second location, around Florianópolis; yet, on the other hand, the first location's energetic potential has a higher variability. The location around Florianópolis has a lower average potential (10 to 20 kW/m) than the location around Ilhabela (18 to 25 kW/m); however, its potential is more stable, since its temporal variability is half the one seen on Ilhabela.

scholarly journals The Evaluating of Wind Energy Potential of Osmaniye

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
C. Kurt ◽  
B. Yelmen ◽  
M. T. Çakir
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Effect ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Wind Potential

In parallel with the rapid increase in energy consumption today, it is known that conventional energy resources will be exhausted in the near future. Renewable energy sources are becoming more important today with decreasing available fossil resources and increasing energy needs. Wind energy is a clean and renewable energy source and has a remarkable importance. Wind energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources, whose technology and use have developed rapidly and their economy has become competitive with fossil energy sources. The systems that convert the energy in the wind into electrical energy are wind turbines. Wind turbines are classified according to their rotational axes, revolutions, powers, number of wings, wind effect, gear characteristics and installation locations. Energy has become one of the most important problems of the world countries today. Energy demand, as in many countries, is increasing with each passing day in Turkey. For this reason, solutions are sought to provide the energy needed in a timely, sufficient and reliable manner. The energy needed in these solution suggestions should be provided from domestic production opportunities and local energy sources as much as possible. In this study, usability of wind energy is tried to be revealed in Osmaniye province and its surroundings. When the wind map studies in Turkey are examined, in Osmaniye Province it has been found that the presence of wind potential, it is necessary to increase the number of WPP to benefit more from the potential of wind energy.

scholarly journals Machine Learning Modeling for Energy Consumption of Residential and Commercial Sectors

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 5171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Azad Nabavi ◽  
Alireza Aslani ◽  
Martha A. Zaidan ◽  
Majid Zandi ◽  
Sahar Mohammadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Final Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential And Commercial Sectors

Energy has a strategic role in the economic and social development of countries. In the last few decades, energy demand has been increasing exponentially across the world, and predicting energy demand has become one of the main concerns in many countries. The residential and commercial sectors constitute about 34.7% of global energy consumption. Anticipating energy demand in these sectors will help governments to supply energy sources and to develop their sustainable energy plans such as using renewable and non-renewable energy potentials for the development of a secure and environmentally friendly energy system. Modeling energy consumption in the residential and commercial sectors enables identification of the influential economic, social, and technological factors, resulting in a secure level of energy supply. In this paper, we forecast residential and commercial energy demands in Iran using three different machine learning methods, including multiple linear regression, logarithmic multiple linear regression methods, and nonlinear autoregressive with exogenous input artificial neural networks. These models are developed based on several factors, including the share of renewable energy sources in final energy consumption, gross domestic production, population, natural gas price, and the electricity price. According to the results of the three machine learning methods applied in our study, by 2040, Iranian residential and commercial energy consumption will be 76.97, 96.42 and 128.09 Mtoe, respectively. Results show that Iran must develop and implement new policies to increase the share of renewable energy supply in final energy consumption.

scholarly journals The denominator problem: energy demand in a sustainable energy policy

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Barton
Keyword(s):  
Shale Gas ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Oil Resources ◽  
Sustainable Energy Policy

Often when people think of policy for long-term sustainability they think of energy supply and not energy demand. What comes to mind often are new sources of supply on the very edge of technology, such as shale gas and deep-sea oil resources; or it may be renewable energy sources, such as hydro, wind, solar, geothermal and biofuels. But if people focus exclusively or excessively on supply, they are overlooking the demand side. How much energy must we produce in order to meet our human and economic needs? What assumptions are we making about future energy demand? In regard to a particular energy project going through an environmental impact assessment process, how do we evaluate whether the project is necessary? 

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