scholarly journals The Impact of Optimal Demand Response Control and Thermal Energy Storage on a District Heating System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Salo ◽  
Aira Hast ◽  
Juha Jokisalo ◽  
Risto Kosonen ◽  
Sanna Syri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demand Response ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Response Control ◽  
Water Storage Tank ◽  
The Impact

Demand response has been studied in district heating connected buildings since the rollout of smart, communicating devices has made it cost-effective to control buildings’ energy consumption externally. This research investigates optimal demand response control strategies from the district heating operator perspective. Based on earlier simulations on the building level, different case algorithms were simulated on a typical district heating system. The results show that even in the best case, heat production costs can be decreased by only 0.7%. However, by implementing hot water thermal storage in the system, demand response can become more profitable, resulting in 1.4% cost savings. It is concluded that the hot water storage tank can balance district heating peak loads for longer periods of time, which enhances the ability to use demand response strategies on a larger share of the building stock.

scholarly journals Impact of Domestic Hot Water Systems on District Heating Temperatures

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4694
Author(s):  
Tina Lidberg ◽  
Thomas Olofsson ◽  
Louise Ödlund
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
The Impact

When buildings become more energy effective, the temperature levels of district heating systems need to be lower to decrease the losses from the distribution system and to keep district heating a competitive alternative on the heating market. For this reason, buildings that are refurbished need to be adapted to suit low-temperature district heating. The aim of this paper is to examine whether four different energy refurbishment packages (ERPs) can be used for lowering the temperature need of a multi-family buildings space heating and domestic hot water (DHW) system as well as to analyse the impact of the DHW circulation system on the return temperature. The results show that for all ERPs examined in this study, the space heating supply temperature agreed well with the temperature levels of a low-temperature district heating system. The results show that the temperature need of the DHW system will determine the supply temperature of the district heating system. In addition, the amount of days with heating demand decreases for all ERPs, which further increases the influence of the DHW system on the district heating system. In conclusion, the DHW system needs to be improved to enable the temperature levels of a low-temperature district heating system.

scholarly journals Overview of Solutions for the Low-Temperature Operation of Domestic Hot-Water Systems with a Circulation Loop

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3350
Author(s):  
Theofanis Benakopoulos ◽  
William Vergo ◽  
Michele Tunzi ◽  
Robbe Salenbien ◽  
Svend Svendsen
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heat Loss ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Heating Power ◽  
Circulation Loop ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water

The operation of typical domestic hot water (DHW) systems with a storage tank and circulation loop, according to the regulations for hygiene and comfort, results in a significant heat demand at high operating temperatures that leads to high return temperatures to the district heating system. This article presents the potential for the low-temperature operation of new DHW solutions based on energy balance calculations and some tests in real buildings. The main results are three recommended solutions depending on combinations of the following three criteria: district heating supply temperature, relative circulation heat loss due to the use of hot water, and the existence of a low-temperature space heating system. The first solution, based on a heating power limitation in DHW tanks, with a safety functionality, may secure the required DHW temperature at all times, resulting in the limited heating power of the tank, extended reheating periods, and a DH return temperature of below 30 °C. The second solution, based on the redirection of the return flow from the DHW system to the low-temperature space heating system, can cool the return temperature to the level of the space heating system return temperature below 35 °C. The third solution, based on the use of a micro-booster heat pump system, can deliver circulation heat loss and result in a low return temperature below 35 °C. These solutions can help in the transition to low-temperature district heating.

scholarly journals Advanced Control of a District Heating System with High Residential Domestic Hot Water Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 01004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Chicherin ◽  
Lyazzat Junussova ◽  
Timur Junussov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Domestic Hot Water ◽  
Extreme Load ◽  
Flow Controller

Proper adjustment of domestic hot water (DHW) load structure can balance energy demand with the supply. Inefficiency in primary energy use prompted Omsk DH company to be a strong proponent of a flow controller at each substation. Here the return temperature is fixed to the lowest possible value and the supply temperature is solved. Thirty-five design scenarios are defined for each load deviation index with equally distributed outdoor temperature ranging from +8 for the start of a heating season towards extreme load at temperature of -26°C. All the calculation results are listed. If a flow controller is installed, the customers might find it suitable to switch to this type of DHW supply. Considering an option with direct hot water extraction as usual and a flow controller installed, the result indicates that the annual heat consumption will be lower once network temperatures during the fall or spring months are higher. The heat load profiles obtained here may be used as input for a simulation of a DH substation, including a heat pump and a tank for thermal energy storage. This design approach offers a quantitative way of sizing temperature levels in each DH system according to the listed methodology and the designer's preference.

scholarly journals The use of substations with PCM heat accumulators in district heating system

2018 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 01002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Nogaj ◽  
Michał Turski ◽  
Robert Sekret
Keyword(s):  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Save Energy ◽  
Determination Of Parameters ◽  
Storage Technologies ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of the article is to indicate the directions of development of new generations of supplying buildings with heat, by using phase change materials, referring to the technical possibilities of applying available heat storage technologies. As a detailed objective of the work, the determination of the impact of using a PCM accumulator on the temperature of the heat carrier on the return in the substation of the district heating system was adopted. Range work included determination of parameters of heat distribution network as a function of outdoor air temperature range of -20°C to +12°C. As the analysis object, the heat substation has been selected with the following parameters: supply 80°C and return 60°C. It was found that thanks to the use of PCM accumulators on heat substations, it is possible to save energy by up to approx. 6.7% and achieve economic benefits in the form of a payback period of approx. 13 years. In addition, it was found that the introduction of the PCM accumulator into the heating system allows the return temperature in the heating network to be obtained at a temperature level consistent with the adopted control table for external temperatures of the standard heating season.

scholarly journals District heating system simulation considering consumer and pump operation features

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saule K. Abildinova ◽  
Stanislav V. Chicherin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Pump Station ◽  
Pump Equipment

Introduction. The purpose of this investigation is to show what changes introduced in the mathematical model of a district heating system are capable of considerable improving the convergence of simulation results and actual data. The study evaluates the work of heating supply establishments with their customers as well as analysis of the ways of enhancing pump equipment efficiency that allows saving electric energy or increasing output at the same energy consumption. Materials and methods. Engineering acceptance of newly introduced and reconstructed facilities is conducted, heat loads are corrected, disconnections and recurrent connections of indebted consumers are carried out. Studying data submitted by a local heat supply establishment shows that pump seals made from iron and steel are subject accelerated wear in the course of operation. Results. Three variants of the problem solution are suggested: making seals from bronze or stainless steel, prevention of unjustified increase of seal clearances as well as using labyrinth pump seals. This will allow increasing pump equipment efficiency by 5 to 7 % and save about 2 × 105 kW∙h of electrical energy for every pump or increase of output at the same energy consumption. Taking into account that a pump station is a part of the district heating system and unmachined inner surfaces of the pumps have a significant roughness, grinding of these surfaces can improve their hydraulic characteristics of the pumps. In the scope of the suggested method, the entire district heating system is considered not in the situation when actual load is equal to the sum of all the design loads and the pump equipment has manufacturer’s parameters, but accounting actual loads and characteristics. Conclusions. Mathematical model of district heating system heating and hydraulic mode that takes issues mentioned above into consideration would allow simulating joint operation of the heating and hot water supply systems at transient operation modes with higher accuracy.

scholarly journals Biomass consumption in residential sector of Ukraine in 2007–2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Antonenko ◽  
Sofiia Levinska
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Residential Sector ◽  
Statistical Monitoring ◽  
Direct Emission ◽  
Self Production

Residential sector plays a decisive role in the bioenergy sector growth in Ukraine. Larger half of biomass used by households comes from so-called self-production, which is problematic for the statistical monitoring. State Statistics do not publish detailed fuel mix reports on regional level. In this article we are providing a detailed data on fuel mix used by the households at regional level during 2007– 2016 and determine the biofuel self-production amount. The facilities that are direct emission sources and are the final fuel consumers, including individual heating/hot water boilers/stoves out of district heating system and individual cookers are considered in detail.

scholarly journals Air Quality Planning and the Minimization of Negative Externalities

Resources ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ravina ◽  
Deborah Panepinto ◽  
Mariachiara Zanetti
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Negative Externalities ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Quality Planning ◽  
Air Quality Planning ◽  
The Impact

The minimization of negative externalities is a key aspect in the development of a circular and sustainable economic model. At the local scale, especially in urban areas, externalities are generated by the adverse impacts of air pollution on human health. Local air quality policies and plans often lack of considerations and instruments for the quantification and evaluation of external health costs. Support for decision-makers is needed, in particular during the implementation stage of air quality plans. Modelling tools based on the impact pathway approach can provide such support. In this paper, the implementation of health impacts and externalities analysis in air quality planning is evaluated. The state of the art in European member states is reported, considering whether and how health effects have been included in the planning schemes. The air quality plan of the Piemonte region in Italy is then considered. A case study is analyzed to evaluate a plan action, i.e., the development of the district heating system in the city of Turin. The DIATI (Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Ambiente, del Territorio e delle Infrastrutture) Dispersion and Externalities Model (DIDEM model) is applied to detect the scenario with the highest external cost reduction. This methodology results are extensible and adaptable to other actions and measures, as well as other local policies in Europe. The use of health externalities should be encouraged and integrated into the present methodology supporting air quality planning. Efforts should be addressed to quantify and minimize the overall uncertainty of the process.

STEADY STATE AND DYNAMIC MODELING OF AN INDIRECT DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. LI ◽  
M. ZAHEERUDDIN ◽  
SUNG-HWAN CHO ◽  
SANG-HOON JUNG
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Steady State Model ◽  
Heated Floor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Important System

An indirect district heating system (IDHS) with heated floor area of 851 031 m2 and ten heat exchange stations was modeled in this study. An aggregated steady state model for the system was developed to study the impact of important system parameters. A dynamic model of the IDHS was developed based on energy balance principles. The dynamic model consists of sub-system models such as boiler, pipe network, heat exchanger, terminal heater and zone models. Simulation results of the dynamic responses show that the overall efficiency of the IDHS system is 78.7%, and the two highest heat loss components are the boiler heat losses and the secondary water makeup loss.

Performance of a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle CHP Plant Supplying Heat to a District Heating Network

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Harvey
Keyword(s):  
District Heating ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
District Heating System ◽  
Simulated Performance ◽  
Integrated Gasification ◽  
Performance Results

This paper examines a Biomass Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (BIGCC) CHP plant using atmospheric air-blown gasification with wet cold gas clean-up and flue gas drying of the biomass feed stream. The plant provides heat and power to a medium sized municipality. The paper presents simulated performance results obtained using GateCycle software, and also presents results for the associated economy and CO2 emissions of the district heating system. The computed production costs of the cogenerated electricity are uncompetitively high, given current conditions in Sweden. In order to become competitive, international consensus must be reached on the level of economic advantage to be attributed to the “green” electric power produced by such a plant. However, likely price incentives for “green” power will probably be insufficient for BIGCC-CHP plants to become economically attractive. Therefore further effort is needed to improve the technology, reduce the investment costs, and identify options for longer annual operating times than those usually adopted for CHP plants coupled to district heating plants.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document