scholarly journals Architectures of Planetary Hybrid Powertrain System: Review, Classification and Comparison

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Wang ◽  
Yahui Cui ◽  
Fengqi Zhang ◽  
Guanglei Li
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
System Review ◽  
Intuitive Method

Increasing environmental issues and energy crises led to rapid developments of hybrid electric vehicles, especially the planetary hybrid powertrain system (PHPS). This paper presents a comprehensive review of the PHPS, focusing primarily on contributions in the aspect of configuration, classification and comparison. In this work, a new classification method for PHPS architectures is proposed according to the number of electric motors (EMs). In addition, two kinds of PHPS, in the new classification framework, are extensively emphasized in terms of its architectures, advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the port diagrams of representative architectures are presented to provide an intuitive method for power flow representation. Finally, a conclusion is made to provide an insight for developing PHPS as well.

Analysis and Control of Unknown In-Vehicle Network System

2012 ◽  
Vol 184-185 ◽  
pp. 1521-1525
Author(s):  
Yu En Wu ◽  
Yu Hui Hu ◽  
Ya Ying Jin ◽  
Jun Qiang Xi
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Static Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Gateway System ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
Analytical Protocol ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
And Control

A CAN-Bus protocol analysis and verification method with three key aspects which are static analysis, dynamic analysis and verification &control is put forward. Static analysis ascertains the communication information of each node by bus residual method; Synchronous contrast method is put in use to obtain practical and effective control protocol in the dynamic analysis; Verification &control is to verify the correctness of the analytical protocol and to achieve the control of the critical subsystems by bus gateway system. This scheme has been used to analyze a foreign parallel hybrid powertrain system, and it proves the correctness of the designed static analysis and dynamic analysis, the applicability of verification &control.

Cheek Dimpleplasty: A New Classification of Described Procedures

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Jude L. Opoku-Agyeman ◽  
Jamee E. Simone
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Buccinator Muscle ◽  
Type 3

Cheek dimpleplasty has become a popular request amongst patients requesting cosmetic surgery. Since the first reported dimpleplasty in 1962, there have been many reported procedures in the literature for cheek dimple creation. Some of the procedures described by various authors as “novel” are actually similar if not identical to existing procedures. This study reviews the different procedures of cheek dimple creation and provides the first ever systematic classification for these techniques. EMBASE, Cochrane library, Ovid medicine, and PubMed databases were searched from its inception to June of 2019. We included all studies describing the surgical creation of cheek dimples. The studies were reviewed, and the different procedures were cataloged. We then proposed a new classification system for these procedures based on their common characteristics. The study included 12 articles published in the English language that provided a descriptive procedure for cheek dimple creation. We classified the procedures into 3 broad categories and subcategories. Type 1 procedures are nonexcisional myocutaneous dimpleplasties. In these procedures, the buccinator muscle is not excised. In type 1A, the suture used to create the adhesion traverses the epidermis. In type 1B, the suture does not traverse the epidermis, rather, the suture travels up into the dermis and returned back to the mucosa. Type 2 procedures are excisional dimpleplasties. In these procedures, the buccinator muscle is excised with (open) or without (closed) the excision of the mucosa. Type 3 procedures are incisional dimpleplasty. In these procedures, the muscle is incised and fixed to the dermis. Each of these groups of procedures has potential unique advantages and disadvantages. There are multiple procedures reported in the English language literature for the creation of cheek dimples. Most of the procedures are based on similar concept with minor variations. Our classification system, the Opoku-Simone Classification, will help facilitate communication when describing the different configurations of these procedures. Procedure within each group has similar potential advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Issues surrounding the classification of accounting information

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huibrecht Van der Poll ◽  
Daan Gouws
Keyword(s):  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
Classification Theory ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Second Nature ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Current Classification

The act of classifying information created by accounting practices is ubiquitous in the accounting process; from recording to reporting, it has almost become second nature. The classification has to correspond to the requirements and demands of the changing environment in which it is practised. Evidence suggests that the current classification of items in financial statements is not keeping pace with the needs of users and the new financial constructs generated by the industry. This study addresses the issue of classification in two ways: by means of a critical analysis of classification theory and practices and by means of a questionnaire that was developed and sent to compilers and users of financial statements. A new classification framework for accounting information in the balance sheet and income statement is proposed.

Smooth Shutdown Control Strategy of Hybrid Engines for Commercial Vehicle Hotel Mode

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xubin Song
Keyword(s):  
Field Testing ◽  
Pole Placement ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Commercial Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Powertrain ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
Pole Placement Control ◽  
Hybrid Motor ◽  
Sustainable Power

Long-haul commercial vehicles provide the hotel mode with a desirable comfort cabin for drivers to have rest. During this mode, sustainable power requirement on the on-board battery asks for occasional engine-on/off to maintain the battery SOC level, neither deeply charged nor overcharged. With the conventional engine-only-driven powertrains, there is a great challenge to deliver smooth engine on/off processes during the hotel mode in order to maintain the cabin as quiet and vibrationless as possible. But for the electric hybrid powertrain system, such a challenge can be addressed with the involvement of the hybrid motor/generator (M/G) to achieve smooth engine crank and shutdown. Apparently it is feasible to control M/G to mitigate discomfortable vibrations inside the cabin caused by periodic engine shutdowns for recharging the battery. In this paper, a pole placement control (PPC) with application of the hybrid M/G is developed to dampen out this kind of adverse vibrations which are transmitted from engine/gearbox to the cabin through the chassis structure and cabin mounts. More specifically, the PPC uses the motor speed as a feedback control signal to create a desirable motor torque command so that the vibration transmission could be abated. In the end of this paper, field testing data from a prototype hybrid truck will be presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of this innovative PPC strategy.

scholarly journals Deep Learning for Hyperspectral Data Classification through Exponential Momentum Deep Convolution Neural Networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Yue ◽  
Caiwen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Data Classification ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Hyperspectral Data ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Deep Convolution Neural Network ◽  
Quantitative Validation ◽  
High Level

Classification is a hot topic in hyperspectral remote sensing community. In the last decades, numerous efforts have been concentrated on the classification problem. Most of the existing studies and research efforts are following the conventional pattern recognition paradigm, which is based on complex handcrafted features. However, it is rarely known which features are important for the problem. In this paper, a new classification skeleton based on deep machine learning is proposed for hyperspectral data. The proposed classification framework, which is composed of exponential momentum deep convolution neural network and support vector machine (SVM), can hierarchically construct high-level spectral-spatial features in an automated way. Experimental results and quantitative validation on widely used datasets showcase the potential of the developed approach for accurate hyperspectral data classification.

Review of Continuously Variable Transmission Powertrain System for Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Dong ◽  
Zuomin Dong ◽  
Curran Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Continuously Variable Transmission ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Development System ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
Operation Characteristics

In this paper, a review of the state-of-the-art of various CVT powertrain systems now used or being planned for future use in HEVs is presented. These CVT powertrain systems are classified into three main categories: mechanical CVT, electromechanical CVT (ECVT) and pure electrical CVT (EVT). The research development, system architecture, operation characteristics and the merits and drawbacks of each type are discussed.

Joining Technologies for Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Manufacturing: A Review

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Shawn Lee ◽  
Tae H. Kim ◽  
S. Jack Hu ◽  
Wayne W. Cai ◽  
Jeffrey A. Abell
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Battery Packs ◽  
Hybrid Electric ◽  
Battery Cells

Automotive battery packs for electric vehicles (EV), hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) typically consist of a large number of battery cells. These cells must be assembled together with robust mechanical and electrical joints. Joining of battery cells presents several challenges such as welding of highly conductive and dissimilar materials, multiple sheets joining, and varying material thickness combinations. In addition, different cell types and pack configurations have implications for battery joining methods. This paper provides a comprehensive review of joining technologies and processes for automotive lithium-ion battery manufacturing. It details the advantages and disadvantages of the joining technologies as related to battery manufacturing, including resistance welding, laser welding, ultrasonic welding and mechanical joining, and discusses corresponding manufacturing issues. Joining processes for electrode-to-tab, tab-to-tab (tab-to-bus bar), and module-to-module assembly are discussed with respect to cell types and pack configuration.

Optimization of Complex Dynamic Systems With Respect to Their Behavior in Time and Frequency Domain

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Marx ◽  
Chunsheng Wei ◽  
Dirk So¨ffker
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Domain ◽  
Dynamic Systems ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Rotor System ◽  
Active Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Powertrain System ◽  
Aging Mechanisms

This paper describes an integrated optimization process of dynamic systems including design parameters and control algorithms. In contrast to known approaches the developed approach is based on an optimization loop including the evaluation of the dynamical behavior of technical systems with respect to the behavior and related properties in time and frequency domain. This includes as well the behavior of the system, the objective function as the formulation of the restrictions to be considered for the dynamical behavior (stationary and instationary). The proposed approach is declared in detail and will be illustrated using two typical technical applications as examples. The first application example is the optimization of the control system of an active magnetic bearing (AMB) rotor system. Hereby the modeling of the AMB rotor system is briefly introduced. An H∞ controller is designed for the control of the system. The performance both in time and frequency domain is optimized in parallel. The algorithm will be explained by simulation examples. The second example is the optimization of the pow-ermanagement system of a fuel cell/supercap-based hybrid electric powertrain. Hereby the modeling of the electric power flow within the powertrain system is demonstrated and its influence on certain system properties like availability, efficiency, and typical aging mechanisms is discussed. The proposed method leads to near-optimal results in a few steps for both of the systems introduced.

A Functional Classification Framework for the Conceptual Design of Layered Manufacturing Technologies

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Williams ◽  
Farrokh Mistree ◽  
David W. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layered Manufacturing ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Classification Framework ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Dimensional Printing

There exist many different layered manufacturing technologies for the realization of prototypes and fully-functional artifacts. Although extremely different in solution principle and embodiment, there exists functional commonality between each technology. This commonality affords the authors an opportunity to propose a new classification framework for layered manufacturing technologies. In addition to using it as a means of classifying existing processes, the authors present the framework as a tool to aid a designer in the conceptual design of new layered manufacturing technologies. The authors close the paper with an example of such an implementation; specifically, the conceptual design of a novel means of obtaining metal artifacts from three-dimensional printing.

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