scholarly journals Biodiesel Production by Lipase-Catalyzed in Situ Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil Containing a High Free Fatty Acid Content with Ethanol in Diesel Fuel Media

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Migle Santaraite ◽  
Egle Sendzikiene ◽  
Violeta Makareviciene ◽  
Kiril Kazancev
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
The Impact

In this study, low-quality rapeseed was used as a raw material for biodiesel fuel production. The application of such seeds with an enzyme catalyst is a green approach to producing renewable biodiesel fuel. During the in situ transesterification process, mineral diesel was selected as an extraction solvent for the simultaneous extraction and transesterification of rapeseed oil (RO). This allowed, at the end of the process, for the production of a mixture of mineral diesel and biodiesel fuel. Energy is saved using this process, as the need to extract the oil separately is eliminated and extraction and transesterification take place together in the in situ process. In this study, 11 different lipases were analyzed from which to select the most effective biocatalyst according to the chosen experimental conditions. The most suitable lipase for in situ transesterification was Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginosus). The impact of the temperature and duration of the reaction was investigated along with the concentration of the lipase. A ethanol-to-oil molar ratio of 5:1 was chosen. The optimal reaction conditions were as follows: a reaction duration of 7 h, a reaction temperature of 30 °C and a lipase concentration of 5% (based on oil weight). Under these conditions, 99.92% of oil was extracted from the rapeseed. The degree of oil transesterification acquired was 99.89%. A mineral diesel and rapeseed oil ethyl ester blend of 9:1 (w/w) was produced.

scholarly journals Lipase-Catalysed In Situ Transesterification of Waste Rapeseed Oil to Produce Diesel-Biodiesel Blends

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118
Author(s):  
Egle Sendzikiene ◽  
Migle Santaraite ◽  
Violeta Makareviciene
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
Lipozyme Tl Im ◽  
Enzymatic Production ◽  
High Acidity

Rapeseed oil of high acidity, an agricultural industry by-product unsuitable for food, was used as an inexpensive raw material for the production of biodiesel fuel. The use of rapeseed oil that is unsuitable for food and lipase as a catalyst makes the biodiesel production process environmentally friendly. Simultaneous oil extraction and in situ transesterification using diesel as an extraction solvent was investigated to obtain a diesel-biodiesel blend. The diesel and rapeseed oil blend ratio was 9:1 (w/w). The enzymatic production of biodiesel from rapeseed oil with high acidity and methanol using eleven different lipases as biocatalysts was studied. The most effective biocatalyst, lipase—Lipozyme TL IM (Thermomyces lanuginosus), which is suitable for in situ transesterification—was selected, and the conversion of rapeseed oil into fatty acid methyl ester was evaluated. The influence of the amount of methanol and lipase, the reaction temperature and the reaction time were investigated to achieve the highest degree of transesterification. The optimal reaction conditions, when the methanol to oil molar ratio was 5:1, were found to be a reaction time of 5 h, a reaction temperature of 25 °C and a lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) concentration of 5% (based on oil weight). Under these optimal conditions, 99.90% (w/w) of the rapeseed oil was extracted from the seed and transesterified. The degree of transesterification obtained was 98.76% (w/w). Additionally, the glyceride content in the biodiesel fuel was investigated and met the requirements perfectly.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production through Catalytic Microwave In-situ Transesterification of Micro-algae (Chlorella sp.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ummu Kalsum ◽  
Viqhi Ashwie
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
In Situ Transesterification ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Hexane Solution

Aim of this research are to study and develop research related to the potential of Chlorella sp. into biodiesel with the help of microwaves in-situ transesterification by characterizing parameters such as microwave power (300; 450; 600 W) and reaction time (10; 30; 50 minutes) with catalyst concentration of KOH and molar ratio of microalga : methanol are 2% and 1:12 respectively and optimized by response surface methodology with Face Centered Central Composite Design (FCCCD). The study was carried out by dissolving the catalyst into methanol according to the variable which was then put into a reactor containing microalgae powder in the microwave and turned on according to the predetermined variable. After the reaction process is complete, the mixture is filtered and resuspended with methanol for 10 minutes to remove the remaining FAME and then the obtained filtrate is cooled. Water is added to the filtrate solution to facilitate the separation of hydrophilic components before being separated and pushed apart until 3 layers are formed. Amount of FAMEs in the first layer formed were extracted with n-hexane solution and washed with water and the FAME product obtained was then distilled to remove the remaining n hexane and then weighed. The results indicated that yield increased with increasing reaction time and microwave power with the best conditions of 50 minutes each and 440.53 watts with the highest yield reaching 35.72% (dry basis) through using of KOH catalysts with low concentrations, 2%.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

scholarly journals Kinetic study of methanolysis of African palm oil (Elaeis Guineensis) for biodiesel production

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 3217-3229
Author(s):  
D. Alvarez Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biodiesel is nowadays one of the most important biofuel alternatives for diesel engines. The feasibility of its production on each country depends mainly on the raw material selected for this purpose and its availability. African palm has proved to be a good alternative for biodiesel’s production in countries close to Ecuador due to the weather conditions help to have high oil yields by hectare.  Kinetics of transesterification of this oil with methanol in a basic catalytic medium with sodium hydroxide was studied doing a statistical analysis to find the ratios of methanol and catalyst that allow the best yield of biofuel.  The hydroxide ratio found was 0.6 % w/w and the best methanol molar ratio was 5:1. Yields over 90% were obtained at low-medium temperatures in reaction times of 25 minutes. Kinetics of esterification of fatty acids with sodium hydroxide was also obtained as a complement of the study to show the impact of saponification in biodiesel’s production.   O biodiesel é hoje em dia uma das mais importantes alternativas aos biocombustíveis para motores diesel. A viabilidade da sua produção em cada país depende principalmente da matéria-prima seleccionada para o efeito e da sua disponibilidade. A palma africana provou ser uma boa alternativa para a produção de biodiesel em países próximos do Equador, devido às condições climatéricas que ajudam a ter elevados rendimentos petrolíferos por hectare.  A cinética de transesterificação deste óleo com metanol num meio catalítico básico com hidróxido de sódio foi estudada fazendo uma análise estatística para encontrar os rácios de metanol e catalisador que permitem o melhor rendimento do biocombustível.  A razão de hidróxido encontrada foi de 0,6% p/p e a melhor razão molar do metanol foi de 5:1. Produções superiores a 90% foram obtidas a baixas temperaturas médias em tempos de reacção de 25 minutos. A cinética de esterificação de ácidos gordos com hidróxido de sódio foi também obtida como complemento do estudo para mostrar o impacto da saponificação na produção de biodiesel.

Mango (Magnifera indica) seed oil grown in Dilla town as potential raw material for biodiesel production using NaOH- a homogeneous catalyst

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Minimal Amount

Biodiesel produced by transesterification process from vegetable oils or animal fats is viewed as a promising renewable energy source. Now a day’s diminishing of petroleum reserves in the ground and increasing environmental pollution prevention and regulations have made searching for renewable oxygenated energy sources from biomasses. Biodiesel is non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine which contributes minimal amount of global warming gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matters. The chemical composition of the biodiesel was examined by help of GC-MS and five fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linoleneate were identified. The variables that affect the amount of biodiesel such as methanol/oil molar ratio, mass weight of catalyst and temperature were studied. In addition to this the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel such as (density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value high heating value, flash point, acidic value, saponification value, carbon residue, peroxide value and ester content) were determined and its corresponding values were 87 Kg/m3, 5.63 Mm2/s, 39.56 g I/100g oil, 42.22 MJ/Kg, 132oC, 0.12 mgKOH/g, 209.72 mgKOH/g, 0.04%wt, 12.63 meq/kg, and 92.67 wt% respectively. The results of the present study showed that all physicochemical properties lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards. Therefore, mango seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative to diesel engine.

Comparison of biodiesel production from sewage sludge obtained from the A 2 /O and MBR processes by in situ transesterification

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 212-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanjuan Qi ◽  
Fenfen Zhu ◽  
Xiang Wei ◽  
Luyao Zhao ◽  
Yiqun Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
In Situ Transesterification

scholarly journals RAPE SEED OIL TETRAHYDROFURFURYLESTERS

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
K. Malins ◽  
V. Kampars ◽  
R. Kampare ◽  
T. Rusakova
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Food Prices ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Mineral Oils

The transesterification of vegetable oil using various kinds of alcohols is a simple and efficient renewable fuel synthesis technique. Products obtained by modifying natural triglycerides in transesterification reaction substitute fossil fuels and mineral oils. Currently the most significant is the biodiesel, a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters, which is obtained in a reaction with methanol, which in turn is obtained from fossil raw materials. In biodiesel production it would be more appropriate to use alcohols which can be obtained from renewable local raw materials. Ethanol rouses interest as a possible reagent, however, its production locally is based on the use of grain and therefore competes with food production so it would implicitly cause increase in food prices. Another raw material option is alcohols that can be obtained from furfurole. Furfurole is obtained in dehydration process from pentose sugars which can be extracted from crop straw, husk and other residues of agricultural production. From furfurole the tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol (THFA), a raw material for biodiesel, can be produced. By transesterifying rapeseed oil with THFA it would be possible to obtain completely renewable biodiesel with properties very close to diesel [2-4]. With the purpose of developing the synthesis of such fuel, in this work a three-stage synthesis of rapeseed oil tetrahydrofurfurylesters (ROTHFE) in sulphuric acid presence has been performed, achieving product with purity over 98%. The most important qualitative factors of ROTHFE have been determined - cold filter plugging point, cetane number, water content, Iodine value, phosphorus content, density, viscosity and oxidative stability.

scholarly journals Studies on biodiesel produced from Jatropha oil in Cambodia by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-108
Author(s):  
Phuoc Van Nguyen ◽  
Chhoun Vi Thun ◽  
Quan Thanh Pham
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Deactivation ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Astm D6751

Different technologies are currently available for biodiesel production from various kinds of lipid containing feedstock. Among them, the alkaline-catalyzed methods are the most widely studied. However, here are several disadvantages related to biodiesel production using alkaline catalysts such as generation of wastewater, catalyst deactivation, difficulty in the separation of biodiesel from catalyst and glycerin, etc. To limit the problems mentioned above, in this study, biodiesel is produced by a non-catalytic using C2H5OH. The effect of experimental variables (the molar ratio ethanol/oil of 41.18:1 – 46.82:1, reaction times of 50 - 90 minutes and reaction temperatures of 2750C - 2950C) on the yield of biodiesel was studied. The 96% yield of Cambodia biodiesel of reaction between C2H5OH and Jatropha Oil at 46:1 at temperature 2900C at 60 minutes no using catalysts. Obtained biodiesel fuel was up to the International Standard ASTM D6751 for biodiesel fuel blend stock (B100).

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