scholarly journals Hybrid Pitch Angle Controller Approaches for Stable Wind Turbine Power under Variable Wind Speed

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Rasel Sarkar ◽  
Sabariah Julai ◽  
Chong Wen Tong ◽  
Moslem Uddin ◽  
M.F. Romlie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fast Wind ◽  
Simple Implementation

The production of maximum wind energy requires controlling various parts of medium to large-scale wind turbines (WTs). This paper presents a robust pitch angle control system for the rated wind turbine power at a wide range of simulated wind speeds by means of a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. In addition, ant colony optimization (ACO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and classical Ziegler–Nichols (Z-N) algorithms have been used for tuning the PID controller parameters to obtain within rated stable output power of WTs from fluctuating wind speeds. The proposed system is simulated under fast wind speed variation, and its results are compared with those of the PID-ZN controller and PID-PSO to verify its effeteness. The proposed approach contains several benefits including simple implementation, as well as tolerance of turbine parameters and several nonparametric uncertainties. Robust control of the generator output power with wind-speed variations can also be considered a significant advantage of this strategy. Theoretical analyses, as well as simulation results, indicate that the proposed controller can perform better in a wide range of wind speed compared with the PID-ZN and PID-PSO controllers. The WT model and hybrid controllers (PID-ACO and PID-PSO) have been developed in MATLAB/Simulink with validated controller models. The hybrid PID-ACO controller was found to be the most suitable in comparison to the PID-PSO and conventional PID. The root mean square (RMS) error calculated between the desired power and the WT’s output power with PID-ACO is found to be 0.00036, which is the smallest result among the studied controllers.

scholarly journals Study on the Influence of Baseline Control System on the Fragility of Large-Scale Wind Turbine considering Seismic-Aerodynamic Combination

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Chenyang Yuan ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Jianyun Chen ◽  
Qiang Xu ◽  
Yunfei Xie
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Speed Range ◽  
Wind Actions

The purpose of this paper is to explore the effect of the baseline control system (BCS) on the fragility of large-scale wind turbine when seismic and wind actions are considered simultaneously. The BCS is used to control the power output by regulating rotor speed and blade-pitch angle in real time. In this study, the fragility analysis was performed and compared between two models using different peak ground acceleration, wind speeds, and specified critical levels. The fragility curves with different wind conditions are obtained using the multiple stripe analysis (MSA) method. The calculation results show that the probability of exceedance specified critical level increases as the wind speed increases in model 1 without considering BCS, while does not have an obvious change in the below-rated wind speed range and has a significant decrease in the above-rated wind speed range in model 2 with considering BCS. The comparison depicts that if the BCS is neglected, the fragility of large-scale wind turbine will be underestimated in around the cut-in wind speed range and overestimated in the over-rated wind speed range. It is concluded that the BCS has a great effect on the fragility especially within the operating conditions when the rated wind speed is exceeded, and it should be considered when estimating the fragility of wind turbine subjected to the interaction of seismic and aerodynamic loads.

Simulating the Dynamic and Steady State Response of a Rotor Resistive Controlled 1.5 MW Variable Speed Wind Turbine

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared B. Garrison ◽  
Michael E. Webber
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Variable Speed Wind Turbine

Currently, wind and solar technologies only generate 0.77% and 0.014% of the U.S. electricity consumption, respectively [1]. Though only a small portion of total U.S. electricity production, both sources have seen significant growth recently. For instance, Texas has more than quadrupled its installed wind capacity over the period from 2005–2009 with new installations totaling over 9400 MW [2, 3]. These two resources are globally available and have the potential to generate massive amounts of electricity. As the amount of installed wind turbines continues to grow, gaining better knowledge of their operation and their dynamic response to changing wind conditions is important to ensure their smooth integration and safe operation. The goal of this research is to analyze the dynamic and steady state operations of a 1.5 MW variable speed wind turbine that uses an external rotor resistive control mechanism. The addition of the external generator rotor resistance allows for adjustment of the generator slip and employs a feedback controller that maintains constant power output at all air velocities between the rated wind speed and cut-out wind speed. Using the electronic programming language PSCAD/EMTDC the model simulates the dynamic response to changing wind conditions, as well as the performance under all wind conditions. The first task of the model was to determine which blade pitch angle produces a maximum power output of 1.5 MW. A sweep was used where the simulation runs over the entire range of wind speeds for a selected pitch angle to find which speed resulted in maximum power output. This sweep was used for numerous blade pitch angles until the combination of wind speed and pitch angle at 14.4 m/s and −0.663°, respectively, resulted in a maximum power of 1.5 MW. The second task was to evaluate the model’s dynamic response to changes in wind conditions as well as steady state operation over all wind speeds. The dynamic response to an increase or decrease in wind speed is important to the safety and life expectancy of a wind turbine because unwanted spikes and dips can occur that increase stresses in the wind turbine and possibly lead to failure. In order to minimize these transient effects, multiple controllers were implemented in order to test each ones’ dynamic response to increasing and decreasing changes in wind velocity. These simulations modeled the characteristics of a variable-speed wind turbine with constant power rotor resistive control. First, through calibrating the model the design specifications of blade pitch and wind speed which yield the peak desired output of 1.5 MW were determined. Then, using the method of controlling the external rotor resistance, the simulation was able to maintain the 1.5 MW power output for all wind speeds between the rated and cutout speeds. Also, by using multiple controllers, the dynamic response of the control scheme was improved by reducing the magnitude of the initial response and convergence time that results from changes in wind speed. Finally, by allowing the simulation to converge at each wind speed, the steady state operation, including generator power output and resistive thermal losses, was characterized for all wind speeds.

CFD Simulation of Ducted Dual Rotor Wind Turbine for Small-Scale Applications

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amr Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed El-Baz ◽  
Nabil Mahmoud ◽  
Ashraf Hamed ◽  
Ahmed El-kohly
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Cfd Simulation ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Flow Equations ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Power Curves

Abstract Due to growing needs for energy in our life, research in the wind energy field has increased significantly. There has been global concern towards the development of smart techniques and devices that could optimize the energy conversion and maximize the output power from the wind. Investigating such alternative solutions are required in order to meet the continuous increase in the power demand. The Dual Rotor Wind Turbine system (DRWT) offers higher energy extraction rates from the wind. In the present study, it is proposed to utilize the dual rotor configuration in a ducted system using wind lens in order to enable its application in regions of low wind speeds. The aerodynamic performance of ducted dual rotor wind turbine is investigated using CFD to solve three dimensional, turbulent-steady incompressible flow equations, using the k-ε Realizable and k-ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence models. Several difficulties due to complexity of geometry and meshing requirements have been encountered. Mesh independence study was conducted to ensure the accuracy and validate the results. Power curves were obtained, detailed investigation of the wind turbine performance in different configurations are highlighted in order to explore the benefit and effect of each configuration to the output power. The final results of combined configuration for dual rotor wind turbine (DRWT) with lens show a considerable improvement to the performance of wind turbine over wide range of wind speeds.

The Simulation of Pitch Control System for Variable Speed Wind Turbine Based on Neural Network

2011 ◽  
Vol 383-390 ◽  
pp. 2501-2506
Author(s):  
Li Na Liu ◽  
Hui Juan Qi ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Control System ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Optimal Control Strategy ◽  
Pitch Control ◽  
Detailed Simulation ◽  
And Performance

The parameters of large wind turbine need to be adjusted timely to avoid excessive wind energy that will cause damage on the wind turbine itself. Based on the simplified mathematical model of wind turbine, we got the relationship curve between its parameters. When the speed of wind was higher than the rated wind speed, we figure out the value of pitch angle during the changes of effective wind speed to keep rated output power. Neural Network used to train the data and pitch control system was built, it used to adjust pitch angle once the wind changes, and maintain the output power at rated value. The complex mathematical relation can be replaced by the trained network model. Detailed simulation results have confirmed the feasibility and performance of the optimal control strategy, which protect the wind turbine from damage and prolong its service life.

Thermodynamic Evaluation of a Small Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Gadalla ◽  
Sayem Zafar ◽  
Saad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Thermodynamic Evaluation ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Small Wind Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mechanical Power Output ◽  
Energy And Exergy

A small personal use wind turbine (PWT) is studied and tested for power, exergy and energy evaluation under different operating conditions. The wind turbine incorporates non-twisted blades of 1.5 m span and 0.27 m chord, using NACA 63418 airfoil. Using the earlier test results at pitch angles of 22°, 34° and 38° between the wind speeds of 4 m/s to 7 m/s, torque produced by each blade is determined. It is desired to calculate the torque as it is difficult to measure it for a small wind turbine. Using the governing equations and available computational fluid dynamics software, the total torque on each blade is determined. The resultant torque yielded the mechanical power output of the PWT. Using the available power, energy and exergy in the air flow, corresponding efficiencies are determined. To determine the changes in energy and exergy with respect to the wind speed, wind-chill factor expression is utilized. Results are collected for a wide range of wind speeds and pitch angles. Power, energy, exergy and their corresponding efficiency is evaluated to determine the optimal use pitch angle and ambient conditions. The pitch angles of 22° and 38o yielded high efficiencies although 22° produced the higher rotational speed as compared to 38°. The result suggests better performance for continuous wind speed conditions at low pitch angles — with respect to the rotating plane. For non-continuous wind conditions, higher pitch angles appeared beneficial.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Jumlah Bilah dan Sudut Pasang terhadap Daya Turbin Angin Poros Vertikal Tipe H-Darrieus Termodifikasi sebagai Energi Alternatif Pembangkit Tenaga Listrik Skala Rumah Tangga

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Susilo Susilo ◽  
Bambang Widodo ◽  
Eva Magdalena Silalahi ◽  
Atmadi Priyono
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Turbine Rotor ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Blade Shape ◽  
Low Wind Speeds ◽  
Wind Turbine Rotor

Bentuk sudu taper linier merupakan bentuk sudu yang paling optimal untuk kecepatan angin yang rendah. Jumlah sudu yang baik untuk kecepatan angin rendah berkisar antara 3-7 buah sudu, namun desain sudu dengan menggunakan airfoil dan profil pada sudut pasang sudu yang bagaimana memberikan daya keluaran dan tegangan keluaran yang optimal. Turbin angin didesain dengan 2 bilah dan 4 bilah dengan sudut pasang yang bisa diatur untuk mendapatkan perbedaan daya optimal masing-masing desain. Pengujian dilakukan di 3 area berbeda untuk mendapatkan gambaran geografis kondisi angin yang berbeda khususnya masalah kecepatan angin di ksiaran 2 m/s - 7 m/s. Pengujian dilakukan dengan luas penampang turbin angin (A) sebesar 3m2 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai terbaik diperoleh pada kecepatan angin maksimal 4 m/s dan jumlah blade 4  sedangkan untuk nilai terkecil diperoleh pada kecepatan angin 3 m/s dan jumlah blade 2 yaitu. Untuk nilai TSR maksimal pada kecepatan maksimal 4 m/s terjadi pada jumlah blade 4, sedangkan untuk nilai terendah pada kecepatan angin 3 m/s dihasilkan pada jumlah blade 2. Melalui pengukuran berbasis teknologi smart monitoring system, dari penelitian diperoleh semakin tinggi kecepatan angin maka tegangan keluaran semakin tinggi. Semakin tinggi tegangan keluaran, semakin tinggi daya keluaran pada generator. Sudut pasang ? dan jumlah sudu mempengaruhi kecepatan putaran rotor turbin angin. Kecepatan putaran rotor turbin angin berelasi dengan tegangan keluaran generator. pada sudut pasang ? dan jumlah sudu 4, diperoleh daya keluaran yang sebesar 150 watt namun pada kecepatan angin 7 m/s daya turbin yang dihasilkan mencapai 600 watt. Dengan kondisi ini cukup memenuhi untuk alternatif cadangan listrik skala rumah tangga khusunya di pedesaan dan daerah terpencil (rural area). The linear taper blade shape is the most optimal blade shape for low wind speeds. The number of blades that are good for low wind speeds ranges from 3-7 blades, but the blade design uses an airfoil and profile on the blade mounting angle which is how to provide optimal output power and output voltage. Wind turbines are designed with 2 blades and 4 blades with adjustable tide angles to get the difference in the optimal power of each design. Tests were carried out in 3 different areas to obtain a geographical description of different wind conditions, especially the problem of wind speed in the range of 2 m / s - 7 m / s. Tests carried out with a cross section area of  wind turbines (A) of 3m2 The results showed that the best value was obtained at a maximum wind speed of 4 m / s and number 4 blade while the smallest value was obtained at wind speeds of 3 m / s and number 2 blades namely. For the maximum TSR value at a maximum speed of 4 m / s occurs in the number of 4 blades, while for the lowest value at 3 m / s wind speed is produced on the number of blades 2. From the research, the higher the wind speed, the higher the output voltage. The higher the output voltage, the higher the output power at the generator. The ? tide angle and number of blades affect the speed of the wind turbine rotor rotation. The rotational speed of the wind turbine rotor is related to the generator output voltage. at the tide angle ? and number of blades 4, the output power of 150 watts is obtained but with wind speed 7 m/s turbine power 600 watt achieved. With this condition, it is sufficient for alternative household electricity reserves, especially in rural and remote areas (rural areas).

Determining Blade Pitch Angle Sensitivity for PID Controller

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 1405-1409
Author(s):  
Min Jae Kang ◽  
Jung Min Ko ◽  
Chang Jin Boo ◽  
Jong Chul Huh ◽  
Jung Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Blade Pitch Angle

A blade pitch angle sensitivity of wind turbine can be used to design a PID pitch controller. However, it is not simple to get a blade pitch angle sensitivity of wind turbine , becuase it depends on not only a blade-pitch angle but also wind speed. This paper suggests the analytical method of determining a blade pitch angle sensitivity. Finally, examples have been simulated to evaluate the proposed method in this paper.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Turbin Angin Untuk Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Angin (Sebagai Alternatif Pembangkit Listrik Daerah Pesisir Pantai)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
Wildan Hamdani ◽  
Ahmad Yani ◽  
Toni Hendrawan. R
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Turbine Output

The basic working principle of a wind turbine is to convert mechanical energy from the wind into rotary energy on the blades, the turbine rotation is used to turn a generator to produce electricity. The wind turbine under study is a propeller wind turbine whose axis is placed horizontally. The purpose of this study was to determine the output power produced by the wind turbine. Methods The research was conducted using experimental methods. The results showed that the designed wind turbine was able to produce electrical power at wind speeds of less than 40 m/s, overall based on the research that the maximum power value occurred at 17:00 with a wind speed of 28 m/s the power generated was 0.054 Watt, while the lowest turbine output power occurred at 15:00 with a wind speed of 18 m/s turbine output power of 0.025 Watt.

scholarly journals Design of pitch angle controller for wind turbine based on pi neurofuzzy model

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Ammar A. Aldair ◽  
Mofeed T. Rashid ◽  
Ali F. Halihal ◽  
Mastaneh Mokayef
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Pitch Angle ◽  
Rotation Speed ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Pi Controller ◽  
Speed Controller ◽  
Aerodynamic Torque

<p>Aerodynamic torque of wind turbine is adjusted by controlling the pitch angle of the blades of the turbine when the wind speed is higher than rated wind speed. So that, in the recent research in this field, the pitch angle controller becomes dominated controller type for extracting the electrical power from the wind energy. Three types of the pitch angle control systems are designed to construct the speed controller: conventional PI controller, Neurofuzzy controller and modified PI-Neurofuzzy controller. The results are shown that the modified PI-Neurofuzzy controller is more efficient than the others because the rotation speed of generator is kept almost constant. It means that the generated output power has remained constant at maximum power limited even the wind speed rises up the rated wind speed.</p>

SHAPING OF AN AUTONOMOUS POWER SYSTEM FOR GUARANTEED POWER SUPPLY WITH THE PREDOMINANCE WIND ENERGY

2018 ◽  
pp. 28-50
Author(s):  
S. G. Ignatiev ◽  
S. V. Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Diesel Generator ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind

Optimization of the autonomous wind-diesel plants composition and of their power for guaranteed energy supply, despite the long history of research, the diversity of approaches and methods, is an urgent problem. In this paper, a detailed analysis of the wind energy characteristics is proposed to shape an autonomous power system for a guaranteed power supply with predominance wind energy. The analysis was carried out on the basis of wind speed measurements in the south of the European part of Russia during 8 months at different heights with a discreteness of 10 minutes. As a result, we have obtained a sequence of average daily wind speeds and the sequences constructed by arbitrary variations in the distribution of average daily wind speeds in this interval. These sequences have been used to calculate energy balances in systems (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand) and (wind turbines + diesel generator + consumer with constant and limited daily energy demand + energy storage). In order to maximize the use of wind energy, the wind turbine integrally for the period in question is assumed to produce the required amount of energy. For the generality of consideration, we have introduced the relative values of the required energy, relative energy produced by the wind turbine and the diesel generator and relative storage capacity by normalizing them to the swept area of the wind wheel. The paper shows the effect of the average wind speed over the period on the energy characteristics of the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + consumer). It was found that the wind turbine energy produced, wind turbine energy used by the consumer, fuel consumption, and fuel economy depend (close to cubic dependence) upon the specified average wind speed. It was found that, for the same system with a limited amount of required energy and high average wind speed over the period, the wind turbines with lower generator power and smaller wind wheel radius use wind energy more efficiently than the wind turbines with higher generator power and larger wind wheel radius at less average wind speed. For the system (wind turbine + diesel generator + energy storage + consumer) with increasing average speed for a given amount of energy required, which in general is covered by the energy production of wind turbines for the period, the maximum size capacity of the storage device decreases. With decreasing the energy storage capacity, the influence of the random nature of the change in wind speed decreases, and at some values of the relative capacity, it can be neglected.

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