scholarly journals Text Analysis Reveals Major Trends in Exploration Geophysics

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timofey Eltsov ◽  
Maxim Yutkin ◽  
Tadeusz W. Patzek
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Text Analysis ◽  
Field Data ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
The World ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Over Time

Evolution of professional language reveals advances in geophysics: researchers enthusiastically describe new methods of surveying, data processing techniques, and objects of their study. Geophysicists publish their cutting-edge research in the proceedings of international conferences to share their achievements with the world. Tracking changes in the professional language allows one to identify trends and current state of science. Here, we explain our text analysis of the last 30 annual conferences organized by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG). These conferences are among the largest geophysical gatherings worldwide. We split the 21,864 SEG articles into 52 million words and phrases, and analyze changes in their usage frequency over time. For example, we find that in 2019, the phrase “neural network” was used more often than “field data.” The word “shale” became less commonly used, but the term “unconventional” grew in frequency. An analysis of conference materials and metadata allows one to identify trends in a specific field of knowledge and predict its development in the near future.

Men Cross America Faster Than Women—The “Race Across America” From 1982 to 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Alexander Rüst ◽  
Beat Knechtle ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Romuald Lepers
Keyword(s):  
Sex Difference ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The World ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Cycling Speed ◽  
Over Time

Purpose:The sex difference in ultraendurance performance has been investigated in swimmers, runners, and triathletes but not in cyclists. The purpose of this study was to examine the sex difference in the longest ultracycling race in the world, the Race Across America (RAAM).Methods:Cycling speed of female and male finishers in the RAAM between 1982 and 2012 was compared.Results:A total of 452 athletes including 404 men (89.4%) and 48 women (10.6%) finished. Mean cycling speed was 19.4 ± 2.0 km/h for men and 17.5 ± 2.0 km/h for women. Men were riding 1.9 ± 2.0 km/h (10.9%) faster than women. The fastest cycling speed ever was 24.77 km/h for men and 21.27 km/h for women, with a sex difference of 14.2%. Between 1982 and 2012, cycling speed was 22.7 ± 1.1 km/h for the annual fastest men and 18.4 ± 1.6 km/h for the annual fastest women, with an unchanged sex difference of 19.4% ± 7.3% (P > .05). For the annual top 3 men, cycling speed was 21.8 ± 0.9 km/h with no change across years (P > .05). The annual top 3 women achieved a cycling speed of 16.6 ± 1.0 km/h with no change over time (P > .05). The sex difference of 24.6% ± 3.0% showed no change across years (P > .05).Conclusions:In the last 30 y, men crossed America faster than women, and it seems unlikely that women will overtop men in the near future in the RAAM. However, the sex difference was only 14–15% among top competitors. Future studies need to analyze anthropometric, psychological, and physiological characteristics of successful female and male ultracyclists.

ENERGY AND ECONOMICS AS A KEY PERSPECTIVE DIRECTION OF RUSSIA-INDIA COOPERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-39
Author(s):  
Lyudmila A. Pechishcheva ◽  
◽  
Konstantin A. Korneev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Regional Integration ◽  
Shanghai Cooperation Organization ◽  
Investment Projects ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Near Future

The implementation of the Greater Eurasian Partnership concept is hard to imagine without the development of both Russia-China and RussiaIndia cooperation. It is obvious that in the near future India will become one of the dynamic centers of economic development not only in South Asia, but also in the world, so the interest in this country among Russian and foreign scientists is only increasing. Moreover, India is one of the traditional trading partners of Russia (previously – the USSR), and it is not just about military-technical and humanitarian cooperation. Currently, new opportunities are emerging, so the analysis of the current state and prospects of Russian-Indian cooperation is very relevant. The intensification of multilateral interaction within the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization is an effective tool for the conducting Russian interests in the Central and South Asian regions. India and Pakistan, that became the fully legitimate members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in 2017, are concerned not only in expanding their political, economic and humanitarian influence, but also in carrying out investment projects under the auspices of the Organization. Russia-India relations, that somewhat slowed down in the 1990s, are getting now a new boost thanks to the opening prospects for regional integration that contributes to strengthening the already established partnership areas in such important areas as the economy and energy.

scholarly journals Dumitru Rusu, Analiza patrimoniului modernist-socialist în Republica Moldova prin patru studii de caz / Analysis of the modernist-socialist heritage in the Republic of Moldova through four case studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-130
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Field Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Historical Buildings ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Modernist Architecture ◽  
The Republic

Buildings of historical value are gradually disappearing under the idle eyes of passive authorities. The purpose of this research is to analyze and describe what steps are necessary in order to include the valuable socialist modernist architecture from the Republic of Moldova in the world architectural heritage. Field data presenting the current state of 4 socialist modernist landmarks in the Republic of Moldova found these buildings in an advanced state of decay and requiring immediate intervention. The most effective way to improve the state of such historical buildings is to create appropriate legislation that would include them in the global heritage network.

Digitalization challenges for technogenic civilization

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Maslanov
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Data Capture ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Digital Footprint ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Digital World ◽  
Processing Data ◽  
The World ◽  
Processing Techniques

Based on the comparison of technogenic civilization and traditional society, the article argues that the desire for change is a major feature of technogenic civilization. The latter tends to focus on the practice of writing and data recording. At the same time, the new European scientific knowledge, a key element of the technogenic civilization, emerged not only as the practice of mathematized experimental research of nature, but also as the practice of fixing new data and results and disseminating them among scientists. Management practitioners also actively use data capture. The active introduction of digital technologies has contributed to progress in all areas of public life. The analysis of these processes leads to the conclusion that they pose at least two fundamental challenges to the technogenic civilization associated with new methods of recording and processing data. First, the formation of a person's digital footprint raises the question of the specifics of her or his identity in the digital world and its connection with corporeality, and creates new existential challenges. Secondly, the ever-growing array of data and their active inclusion in the scientific turnover results in a huge number of data processing techniques and technologies. On their basis, research practices are constructed that focus on the search for correlations, rather than the formation of “bold hypotheses” that allow describing the world in a new way.

Epistemology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Manning
Keyword(s):  
General Type ◽  
World History ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

This article poses questions and offers reflections on the most general type of thinking entailed in the study of world history. It addresses the common and contested ways of knowing the world and its past that are shared among us. It discusses the current state of epistemology in world history by giving brief and illustrative references to the development of global epistemology. The article focuses on current issues and current debates, regardless of whether they are new debates or old debates. The ‘historical record’ consists of the currently available evidence on past events. It can expand as more evidence is added with time and as new discoveries and new methods enable the retrieval of additional information on the past. But the historical record can contract as information is lost or forgotten. Finally and most common in usage is ‘history’ as representations of the past.

scholarly journals The World Optical Depth Research and Calibration Center (WORCC) quality assurance and quality control of GAW-PFR AOD measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios Kazadzis ◽  
Natalia Kouremeti ◽  
Stephan Nyeki ◽  
Julian Gröbner ◽  
Christoph Wehrli
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
Instrument Calibration ◽  
Radiation Center ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Processing Techniques

Abstract. The World Optical Depth Research Calibration Center (WORCC) is a section within the World Radiation Center at Physikalisches-Meteorologisches Observatorium (PMOD/WRC), Davos, Switzerland, established after the recommendations of the World Meteorological Organization for calibration of aerosol optical depth (AOD)-related Sun photometers. WORCC is mandated to develop new methods for instrument calibration, to initiate homogenization activities among different AOD networks and to run a network (GAW-PFR) of Sun photometers. In this work we describe the calibration hierarchy and methods used under WORCC and the basic procedures, tests and processing techniques in order to ensure the quality assurance and quality control of the AOD-retrieved data.

scholarly journals The World aerosol Optical depth Research and Calibration Center (WORCC), Quality assurance and quality control of GAW-PFR AOD measurements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios Kazadzis ◽  
Natalia Kouremeti ◽  
Stephan Nyeki ◽  
Julian Gröbner ◽  
Christoph Wehrli
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Instrument Calibration ◽  
Radiation Center ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The World ◽  
Processing Techniques

Abstract. The World Optical Depth Research Calibration Center (WORCC) is a section within the World Radiation Center at Physikalisches-Meteorologisches Observatorium (PMOD/WRC), Davos, Switzerland, established after the recommendations of WMO for calibration of AOD related sun-photometers. WORCC is mandated to develop new methods for instrument calibration, to initiate homogenization activities among different AOD networks and to run a network (GAW-PFR) of sun-photometers. In this work we describe: the calibration hierarchy and methods used under WORCC and the basic procedures, test and processing techniques in order to ensure the quality assurance and quality control of the AOD retrieved data.

scholarly journals An Research to Enhance the Old Manuscript Resolution using Deep Learning Mechanism

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S4) ◽  
pp. 1597-1599 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Image Resolution ◽  
Learning Mechanism ◽  
Image Enhancing ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Over Time

In this paper we address the problem of enhancing the resolution of old manuscripts as these will deteriorate over time. The manuscripts are of at most importance as they may contain sensitive and important imformation.Hence digital processing techniques play a crucial role to improve the quality of the manuscripts. We propose a standard deep learning mechanism that is conventional neural network (CNN) to enhance image resolution which will help to increase resolution of old manuscript .It not only increases the resolution but also tries to identify missing content using digit recognizer. We also compare the efficiency of our approach with the existing image enhancing techniques.

scholarly journals Metadata Analysis Reveals Major Worldwide Trends in Industrial and Academic Geophysics

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Timofey Eltsov ◽  
Maxim Yutkin ◽  
Tadeusz W. Patzek
Keyword(s):  
Geophysical Research ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Service Companies ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Saudi Aramco ◽  
Metadata Analysis ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Over Time

We summarize our metadata analysis of the last 38 well-attended annual conferences, organized by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists. In 2018, Schlumberger and Saudi Aramco had the highest number of publications among service and production companies. In 2019, BGP and PetroChina took the lead. Throughout history, US academics have had the highest number of publications, but in 2019 Chinese academia came close to taking the lead. Analysis of the publication activity of oil-producing and oilfield service companies provides insights into the state of geophysical research. The number of publications from industrial companies in the energy sector reflects their financial standing and aspirations for the near future. Publications from academia in different countries tell us about state and private funding of research in each country, and indirectly reflect the geopolitical situation in the world. The changing number of publications over time reflects the dynamics of the transformation of research in geophysics, and allows us to understand better what is happening and make forecasts.

LARGE SCALE NEURAL NETWORK SIMULATIONS

1990 ◽  
Vol 01 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. KOHRING
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Neural Networks ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Efficient Simulation ◽  
Current State ◽  
Network Simulations ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Future Sample ◽  
Simple Models

The current state of large scale, numerical simulations of neural networks is reviewed. Hardware and software improvements make it likely that biological size networks, i.e., networks with more than 1010 couplings, can be simulated in the near future. Sample programs for the efficient simulation of a few simple models are presented as an aid to researchers just entering the field.

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