scholarly journals Outlook for Direct Use of Sunflower and Castor Oils as Biofuels in Compression Ignition Diesel Engines, Being Part of Diesel/Ethyl Acetate/Straight Vegetable Oil Triple Blends

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4836
Author(s):  
Laura Aguado-Deblas ◽  
Rafael Estevez ◽  
Jesús Hidalgo-Carrillo ◽  
Felipa M. Bautista ◽  
Carlos Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Object Of Study

Today, biofuels are indispensable in the implementation of fossil fuels replacement processes. This study evaluates ethyl acetate (EA) as a solvent of two straight vegetable oils (SVOs), castor oil (CO), and sunflower oil (SO), in order to obtain EA/SVO double blends that can be used directly as biofuels, or along with fossil diesel (D), in the current compression-ignition (C.I.) engines. The interest of EA as oxygenated additive lies not only in its low price and renewable character, but also in its very attractive properties such as low kinematic viscosity, reasonable energy density, high oxygen content, and rich cold flow properties. Revelant fuel properties of EA/SVO double and D/EA/SVO triple blends have been object of study including kinematic viscosity, pour point (PP), cloud point (CP), calorific value (CV), and cetane number (CN). The suitability of using these blends as fuels has been tested by running them on a diesel engine electric generator, analyzing their effect on engine power output, fuel consumption, and smoke emissions. Results obtained indicate that the D/EA/SO and D/EA/CO triple blends, composed by up to 24% and 36% EA, respectively, allow a fossil diesel substitution up to 60–80% providing power values very similar to conventional diesel.In addition, in exchange of a slight fuel consumption, a very notable lessening in the emission of pollutants as well as a better behavior at low temperatures, as compared to diesel, are achieved.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN ENERGI TERBARUKAN BUTANOL TERHADAP PENURUNAN EMISI JELAGA MESIN DIESEL INJEKSI LANGSUNG BERBAHAN BAKAR BIODIESEL CAMPURAN SOLAR DAN JATROPA

Infotekmesin ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Syarifudin Syarifudin ◽  
Syaiful Syaiful
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Fuel Efficiency ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
High Oxygen Content

Diesel engines are widely used as driving forces in vehicles and industry due to fuel efficiency and high output power. The wide use of diesel engines triggers an increase in fuel consumption and exhaust emissions that are harmful to health. Jatropha is a renewable fuel as a solution to increase fuel consumption. However, the high viscosity and low calorific value result in reduced performance and increased exhaust emissions. Butanol has a high oxygen content and cetane number and low viscosity compared to diesel and jatropha. Addition of butanol is possible to reduce the decrease in performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engines. this study evaluates the effect of butanol on reducing Isuzu 4JB1 diesel engine direct injection emissions. Percentage of blend used 70/30/0, 65/30/5, 60/30/10, and 55/40/15 based on volume. Tests are carried out at 2500 constant turns with a loading of 25% to 100% using the EGR system. The experimental results showed the presence of butanol caused a decrease in soot emissions produced by diesel engines

scholarly journals Generator gas as a fuel to power a diesel engine

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wojciech Tutak ◽  
Arkadiusz Jamrozik
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Liquid Fuel ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dual Fuel ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Generator Gas

The results of gasification process of dried sewage sludge and use of generator gas as a fuel for dual fuel turbocharged compression ignition engine are presented. The results of gasifying showed that during gasification of sewage sludge is possible to obtain generator gas of a calorific value in the range of 2.15 ? 2.59 MJ/m3. It turned out that the generator gas can be effectively used as a fuel to the compression ignition engine. Because of gas composition, it was possible to run engine with partload conditions. In dual fuel operation the high value of indicated efficiency was achieved equal to 35%, so better than the efficiency of 30% attainable when being fed with 100% liquid fuel. The dual fuel engine version developed within the project can be recommended to be used in practice in a dried sewage sludge gasification plant as a dual fuel engine driving the electric generator loaded with the active electric power limited to 40 kW (which accounts for approx. 50% of its rated power), because it is at this power that the optimal conditions of operation of an engine dual fuel powered by liquid fuel and generator gas are achieved. An additional advantage is the utilization of waste generated in the wastewater treatment plant.

scholarly journals Influence of blends of diesel and renewable fuels on CI engine emissions over transient engine conditions.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriaan Smuts Van Niekerk ◽  
Benjamin Drew ◽  
Neil Larsen ◽  
Peter Kay
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Nox Emissions ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Engine Emissions ◽  
Drive Cycle ◽  
Fuel Blend ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Ci Engine

To reduce the amount of carbon dioxide released from transportation the EU has implemented legislation to mandate the renewable content of petrol and diesel fuels. However, due to the complexity of the combustion process the addition of renewable content, such as biodiesel and ethanol, can have a detrimental effect on other engine emissions. In particular the engine load can have a significant impact on the emissions. Most research that have studied this issue are based on steady state tests, that are unrealistic of real world driving and will not capture the difference between full and part loads. This study aims to address this by investigating the effect of renewable fuel blends of diesel, biodiesel and ethanol on the emissions of a compression ignition engine tested over the World Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP). Diesel, biodiesel and ethanol were blended to form binary and ternary blends, the ratios were determined by Design of Experiments (DoE). The total amount of emissions for CO, CO2 and NOx as well as the fuel consumption, were measured from a 2.4 liter compression ignition (CI) engine running over the WLTP drive cycle. The results depicted that percentages smaller than 10 % of ethanol in the fuel blend can reduce CO emissions, CO2 emissions as well as NOx emissions, but increases fuel consumption with increasing percentage of ethanol in the fuel blend. Blends with biodiesel resulted in minor increases in CO emissions due to the engine being operated in the low and medium load regions over the WLTP. CO2 emissions as well as NOx emissions increased as a result of the high oxygen content in biodiesel which promoted better combustion. Fuel consumption increased for blends with biodiesel as a result from biodiesel's lower heating value. All the statistical models describing the engine responses were significant and this demonstrated that a mixture DoE is suitable to quantify the effect of fuel blends on an engine's emissions response. An optimised ternary blend of B2E9 was found to be suitable as a 'drop in' fuel that will reduce harmful emissions of CO emissions by approximately 34 %, NOx emissions by 10 % and CO2 emissions by 21 % for transient engine operating scenarios such as the WLTP drive cycle.

ETHANOL–BIODIESEL–DIESEL BLENDS AS A DIESEL EXTENDER OPTION ON COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES

Transport ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Máté Zöldy
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engines ◽  
Fuel Demand ◽  
Oil Mixtures ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Natural Reserves

Increasing fuel demand, decreasing natural reserves and environmental consciousness have together led to testing and implementing new fuels and blending components of compression ignition engines. Biofuels are very commonly added to fossil fuels, mostly ethanol to gasoline and FAME to diesel. Harmonizing their properties with engines is a great challenge for automotive and oil industry. Increasing demand for diesel oil in Europe raised the question about the possibility of increasing the amount of bio extenders. There were and certainly there are a number of experiments aimed at substituting or blending diesel with other fuels. One group of such fuels makes bioethanol– biodiesel–diesel oil mixtures. The paper proposes a global overview on literature and presents the obtained results. The article explores the possibility of using bioethanol–biodiesel–diesel oil mixtures in vehicles and agricultural compression ignition engines. The main aspect of researches was to find blends substitutable for compression ignition engines. Investigations were made to determine the maximum volume of a renewable part thus reaching the same or similar power output with lowering emissions. The received results were used for environmental and economical investigations. The valorisation of the results shows that bioethanol–biodiesel–diesel blends fulfil the cetane number, viscosity and lubricity requirements for standard diesel. Practical measurements and engine tests show that the utilization of a new fuel decreases emissions from the engine. The results of agricultural feedstock calculation indicate that in Hungary the biofuel part of the investigated fuels can be produced from an overflow.

Characterisation of the Key Fuel Properties of Oxygenated Diethyl Ether-Diesel Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.R. Patil ◽  
S.S. Thipse
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Flammability Limits ◽  
High Oxygen Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ci Engines

Diethyl Ether (DEE) is a promising oxygenated renewable bio-base resource fuel for CI engines owing to its high ignition quality. DEE has several favourable properties, including exceptional cetane number, very low self-ignition temperature, high oxygen content, broad flammability limits and reasonable energy density for on-board storage. It is a liquid at ambient conditions, which makes it attractive for fuel handling and fuel infrastructure requirements and hence, it is a compatible fuel for use in CI engine. Diethyl ether is the simplest ether expressed by its chemical formula CH3CH2-O-CH2CH3, consisting of two ethyl groups bonded to a central oxygen atom. It can be mixed in any proportion in diesel fuel as it is completely miscible with diesel fuel. It was observed that density, kinematic viscosity and calorific value of the blends decreases while the oxygen content and cetane number of the blends increases with the concentration of DEE addition. The presence of DEE increases the front end volatility of the blends and decreases boiling point in comparison to baseline diesel fuel. No significant difference was observed in the tail-end volatility of the blends. The blended fuel retains the desirable physical properties of diesel fuel but includes the cleaner burning capability of DEE.

scholarly journals Experimental Investigation of Performance Characteristics of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Punnai Oil Methyl Ester Blended Diesel

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Mathan Raj Vijayaragavan ◽  
Ganapathy Subramanian ◽  
Lalgudi Ramachandran ◽  
Manikandaraja Gurusamy ◽  
Rahul Kumar Tiwari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cetane Number ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Brake Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Full Load

Biodiesel is a renewable substitute to conventional diesel and offers cleaner performance. Thispaper deals with performance characteristics of four stroke, water cooled Compression Ignition (CI) enginefuelled with four different oils: diesel, diesel-punnai oil biodiesel 10% (B10), diesel-punnai oil biodiesel20% (B20) and diesel-punnai oil biodiesel 30% (B30). The present research, experiments were conductedto study the effect of viscosity, cetane number, flash point, calorific value and density on performancecharacteristics of diesel, Punnai oil biodiesel and its different blends (B10, B20, B30). The experimentalresults of this study showed that the diesel has 2.6% and 4.6% higher brake specific fuel consumption(BSFC) as compared to B10 and B20, respectively at full load, whereas BSFC of diesel was same as B30at higher load. Volumetric efficiency and mechanical efficiency of B10 was 1.2% and 7.5% higher ascompared to diesel at full load condition. Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) and indicated thermal efficiencyof B20 was 8.12% and 7% higher as compared to diesel at full load. From this study, it is concluded thatPunnai oil biodiesel could be used as a viable alternative fuel in a single cylinder, four stroke, water cooleddirect injection diesel engine.

scholarly journals Metal Oxides as Soluble Nano Catalyst on Biodiesel: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Setyo Pambudi ◽  
Agus Triono ◽  
Mochamad Asrofi ◽  
Iid Mufaidah ◽  
Yeni Variyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Metal Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbons

Nano particles of metal oxide developed as soluble nano additive in liquid fuels to improve fuel quality. One application of nano metal oxide particles is an additive to biodiesel. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that can reduce dependence on fossil fuels. Pure biodiesel has a relatively lower calorific value compared to fossil fuels. Low calorific value results in increased brake specific fuel consumption. Moreover, biodiesel has a higher density and viscosity compared to fossil fuel. The content of carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) in exhaust gases with biodiesel is higher than fossil fuels. Metal oxide nanoparticles are added to biodiesel between 6 to 80 nm with concentrations about 50 to 500 ppm. Addition of metal oxide nanoparticles to biodiesel can improve brake thermal efficiency, reduce brake specific fuel consumption, carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and improve carbon dioxide (CO2) emission due to the catalytic effect of metal oxide nanoparticles. Metal oxide acts as an oxidation catalyst thereby reduce the carbon combustion activation temperature and thus enhances hydrocarbon oxidation, promoting complete combustion. Nanoparticles that are often used in various studies are nickel (II) oxide (NiO), cerium (IV) oxide (CeO2), titanium oxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and silicon dioxide (SiO2). This review paper describes the progress and development of nano metal oxide applications as additives for biodiesel, and the discussion in this paper is divided into 3 main topics, including the effects of nanoparticles on the properties of biodiesel, engine performance, and emission characteristics.

scholarly journals Calophyllum Oil Prospective as Alternate Fuel for Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Shubham P ◽  
Shubham W ◽  
Chetan R ◽  
Rohit S
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil

Rapid depletion of fossil fuels, increasing fossil-fuel price, carbon price, and the quest of low carbon fuel for cleaner environment – these are the reason researchers are looking for alternatives of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is a gifted substitute as an alternative fuel has gained significant attention due to the predicted littleness of conventional fuels and environmental concern. The utilization of liquid fuels such as biodiesel produced from Calophyllum inophyllum oil by transesterification process represents one of the most promising options for the use of conventional fossil fuels. The Calophyllum inophyllum oil is converted into Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester known as biodiesel processed in the presence of homogeneous acid catalyst. The physical properties such as Kinematic viscosity, Density, Calorific Value, Cetane number, Fire point and Flash point were found out for Calophyllum inophyllum methyl ester at different blends.

scholarly journals Investigation of cottonseed oil biodiesel with ethanol as an additive on fuel properties, engine performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1 Part A) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shrikant Madiwale ◽  
Karthikeyan Alagu ◽  
Virendra Bhojwani
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Combustion Chambers ◽  
Cold Flow ◽  
Harmful Emission ◽  
Cold Flow Properties ◽  
Harmful Emissions

In last few years in automobile sector there is a emerging need of an alternative fuel because of depletion of the stock of fossil fuels in all over the world. Bio-diesel in this regard contested a strong alternative to the conventional fuels. Bio-diesel contains 9-10% higher oxygen and higher cetane number which allows its good combustion in the combustion chambers of the engine. But poor hot flow and cold flow properties of biodiesel restricts their applications in the field of automotives. So the blends of biodiesel in percentage with diesel and ethanol as an properties enhancer additives are used in the biodiesel/diesel blend. Reduced viscosity, higher calorific value, improved flash and fire point and enhanced cold flow properties of the blends with ethanol as an additive, enhanced the combustion and reduced harmful emissions from the engine. Experimental work presented in this paper is by considering cottonseed biodiesel as raw feedstock blended with diesel and 5% ethanol. Properties were investigated experimentally as per IS 1448 standards. Trials were conducted on the single cylinder diesel. Results show that there are significant improvements in the properties of the blend, performance, combustion and reduced harmful emission from the engine. Experimental investigation reported that ethanol as an additives in the blends of cotton-seed biodiesel with diesel reduces kinematic viscosity by 7%, cold flow properties by 9% to 10% . But on the other hand but density of the blend is increased by 3% and higher heating value is decreased by 9%.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production Utilizing Diverse Sources, Classification of Oils and Their Esters, Performance and Emission Characteristics: A Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S3) ◽  
pp. 976-983
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Performance And Emission ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Detailed Assessment

The ever increasing utilization of energy has resulted in the nation becoming progressively more dependent on fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas. The mounting prices of crude oil and natural gas and their impending paucity have raised qualms about the security of energy supply in future, which has severe consequence on the augmentation of a countries economy. The alternative to fossil fuels are the nonconventional energy sources, they are plentiful, renewable, pollution-free and eco-friendly. Therefore, the need to utilize renewable energy sources like solar energy, wind, tide, biodiesel has publicized its significance. Biodiesel is one of the unsurpassed resources that have come to the cutting edge recently. In this article, highly rated research journals on biofuels were referred and a detailed assessment has been conducted to emphasize different aspects to biodiesel engineering. These aspects include biodiesel feed stocks, a range of various methods used in production of biodiesel such as pyrolysis, micro emulsion, dilution and transesterification (alcoholysis). The study was extended to understand the effect of biodiesel blend magnitude on the performance of engine parameters such as brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and fuel properties like cloud point, flash point, calorific value, kinematic viscosity, density, and cetane number as well as the economic viability, emission characteristics and finally Greenhouse gas emissions

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