scholarly journals Energy Consumption Verification of SPD Smart Window, Controllable According to Solar Radiation in South Korea

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 5643
Author(s):  
Yujin Ko ◽  
Hyogeun Oh ◽  
Hiki Hong ◽  
Joonki Min
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
The City ◽  
Made In

Between 60% and 70% of the total energy load of a house or office occurs through the exteriors of the building, and in the case of offices, heat loss from windows and doors can approach 40%. A need for glass that can artificially control the transmittance of visible light has therefore emerged. Smart windows with suspended particle device (SPD) film can reduce energy consumption by responding to environmental conditions. To measure the effect of SPD windows on the energy requirements for cooling and heating in Korea, we installed a testbed with SPD windows. With TRNSYS18, the comparison between measurements and simulation has been made in order to validate the simulation model with respect to the modeling of an SPD window. Furthermore, the energy requirements of conventional and SPD-applied windows were compared and analyzed for a standard building that represented an actual office building. When weather for the city of Anseong and a two-speed heat pump were used to verify the simulation, the simulated electricity consumption error compared with the testbed was −1.0% for cooling and −0.9% for heating. The annual electricity consumption error was −0.9%. When TMY2 Seoul weather data were applied to the reference building, the decrease in electricity consumption for cooling in the SPD model compared with the non-SPD model was 29.1% and the increase for heating was 15.8%. Annual electricity consumption decreased by 4.1%.

scholarly journals Smart Electrochromic Windows to Enhance Building Energy Efficiency and Visual Comfort

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cannavale ◽  
Ubaldo Ayr ◽  
Francesco Fiorito ◽  
Francesco Martellotta
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Visual Comfort ◽  
Confined Space ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
The One

Electrochromic systems for smart windows make it possible to enhance energy efficiency in the construction sector, in both residential and tertiary buildings. The dynamic modulation of the spectral properties of a glazing, within the visible and infrared ranges of wavelengths, allows one to adapt the thermal and optical behavior of a glazing to the everchanging conditions of the environment in which the building is located. This allows appropriate control of the penetration of solar radiation within the building. The consequent advantages are manifold and are still being explored in the scientific literature. On the one hand, the reduction in energy consumption for summer air conditioning (and artificial lighting, too) becomes significant, especially in "cooling dominated" climates, reaching high percentages of saving, compared to common transparent windows; on the other hand, the continuous adaptation of the optical properties of the glass to the changing external conditions makes it possible to set suitable management strategies for the smart window, in order to offer optimal conditions to take advantage of daylight within the confined space. This review aims at a critical review of the relevant literature concerning the benefits obtainable in terms of energy consumption and visual comfort, starting from a survey of the main architectures of the devices available today.

scholarly journals Impact of trombe wall construction on thermal comfort and building energy consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-292
Author(s):  
Dusan Randjelovic ◽  
Miomir Vasov ◽  
Marko Ignjatovic ◽  
Ivana Bogdanovic-Protic ◽  
Dragan Kostic
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Trombe Wall ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Wall Construction ◽  
Made In

Energy consumption has reached its highest level globally. Buildings have the largest share in total energy consumption, so designers must take into account their functioning and the consequences that can arise. Passive solar design is an imperative in modern architecture, and Trombe wall, as one of the principles of this design, is certainly distinguished. The paper presents an overview of the characteristics of the construction of the Trombe Wall in order to improve thermal stability and reduce energy consumption in buildings. Starting from the consideration of climatic influencing factors, through the heat capacity of the materials applied and their thickness and color of the thermal mass, it is very important to know in detail all the factors that can lead to the improvement of the efficiency of this system. The specific heat of the walls in the building, the time delay, the decrement factor and the influence and position of the thermal insulation were also taken into account. The effect of glazing as well as the influence of the ventilation openings were highlighted as significant elements. On the basis of the analysis of the above components, the conclusions and guidelines for designing this type of constructions were made in order to improve the efficiency and reduced energy consumption while providing adequate comfort in the facility.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Pollution Based on Energy use and its Mitigation Potential in the City of Surakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Prabang Setyono ◽  
Widhi Himawan ◽  
Cynthia Permata Sari ◽  
Totok Gunawan ◽  
Sigit Heru Murti
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The City

Considered as a trigger of climate change, greenhouse gas (GHG) is a global environmental issue. The City of Surakarta in Indonesia consists mainly of urban areas with high intensities of anthropogenic fossil energy consumption and, potentially, GHG emission. It is topographically a basin area and most likely prompts a Thermal Inversion, creating a risk of accumulation and entrapment of air pollutants or GHGs at low altitudes. Vegetation has been reported to mitigate the rate of increase in emissions because it acts as a natural carbon sink. This study aimed to mitigate the GHG emissions from energy consumption in Surakarta and formulate recommendations for control. It commenced with calculating the emission factors based on the IPCC formula and determining the key categories using the Level Assessment approach. It also involved computing the vegetation density according to the NDVI values of the interpretation of Sentinel 2A imagery. The estimation results showed that in 2018, the emission loads from the energy consumption in Surakarta reached 1,217,385.05 (tons of CO2e). The key categories of these emissions were electricity consumption, transportation on highways, and the domestic sector, with transportation on highways being the top priority. These loads have exceeded the local carrying capacity because they create an imbalance between emission and natural GHG sequestration by vegetations.

scholarly journals Green Buildings Amid Efficiency and Sustainability

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosof M Khalifa ◽  
Salah M Mady
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Reduction Of Energy Consumption ◽  
Building Life Cycle ◽  
Building Operation ◽  
Made In

The vast increase of energy consumption, global warming and the harm they cause to the environment, emerge to be a major obstruction that distresses the world today. The current work views one of the methods that the world focused on as means of reducing the environmental harms and that is, through green building, or in more common words sustainable buildings. Those means, covers the exercising of a wide range of applications including merging of new and specific technologies in which through fulfilling its basis, the process of evaluation of the building takes place in terms of its harmony with the environment, reduction of energy consumption, and the reduction of the environmental problems caused by the building life cycle starting from defining of location, design of the building, operation, maintenance, repairing and up to the renewal of the building.  Despite the significance of green building, no profit nor implementations has yet been made in Libya. The latter is due to the lack of awareness by many Libyan social groups. From here, the idea behind this paper crystalized. It aims to spread and enhance the knowledge and techniques of green building. It also penetrates into the green building features and advantages that are considered to be a preliminary step to start its application in a wide range coinciding with the grand progress that the country has witnessed in the field of construction and housing. This paper concludes that it is possible to reduce energy consumption and the harm it causes to the environment after the implementation and merging of green building techniques and should be applied on a large scale covering the whole country. 

scholarly journals An energy-efficient flow shop scheduling using hybrid Harris hawks optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1154-1163
Author(s):  
Dana Marsetiya Utama ◽  
Dian Setiya Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Flow Shop ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Flow Shop Scheduling ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Shop Scheduling ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Made In

The energy crisis has become an environmental problem, and this has received much attention from researchers. The manufacturing sector is the most significant contributor to energy consumption in the world. One of the significant efforts made in the manufacturing industry to reduce energy consumption is through proper scheduling. Energy-efficient scheduling (EES) is a problem in scheduling to reduce energy consumption. One of the EES problems is in a flow shop scheduling problem (FSSP). This article intends to develop a new approach to solving an EES in the FSSP problem. Hybrid Harris hawks optimization (hybrid HHO) algorithm is offered to resolve the EES issue on FSSP by considering the sequence-dependent setup. Swap and flip procedures are suggested to improve HHO performance. Furthermore, several procedures were used as a comparison to assess hybrid HHO performance. Ten tests were exercised to exhibit the hybrid HHO accomplishment. Based on numerical experimental results, hybrid HHO can solve EES problems. Furthermore, HHO was proven more competitive than other algorithms.

Caracterización de sistemas de enfriamiento evaporativo indirecto en cubiertas para obtener confort higrotérmico en edificaciones en climas cálido-húmedos

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Eréndira Anais Carrillo Salas
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Cooling Strategies ◽  
Physical Scale ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

In the area of architectural design, the current environmental problem in the world due to global warming because of the high consumption of conventional energy has generated concern for conducting research, where the main objective is to reduce energy consumption. In the Mexican Republic, 88% of electricity consumption is provided to the residential sector and is mainly used in air conditioning systems, since 27% of the country has hot or tropical climate conditions. The bioclimatic architectural design allows, through passive systems, to provide comfort conditions inside the buildings without the use of active systems and, in the case of hot climates, there are different techniques to obtain cooling in living spaces. This research addresses passive cooling techniques to reduce energy consumption in hot-humid climates where the objective was to characterize different indirect evaporative cooling strategies. The work was carried out in the City of Merida on physical scale models where different cooling strategies were implemented in the roof based on the roof-pond system, modifying the materials. In Experiment 1 water was used and in Experiment 2 a phase change material (coconut oil) encapsulated in a 6 mm polycarbonate plate was placed. Measurements were made for 20 days in periods of low and overheating; and in the case of coconut oil, the most unfavorable period was considered, the period of overheating. The results showed that the five cooling systems, both with the use of water and with encapsulated coconut oil, showed a reduction of the TBS inside the investigated spaces. Module 5 however is the experiment that showed the best results reducing its DBT by 3.7 K (water) and 4.9 K (coconut oil).

scholarly journals Smart Window Based on Angular-Selective Absorption of Solar Radiation with Guest–Host Liquid Crystals

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 131
Author(s):  
Seong-Min Ji ◽  
Seung-Won Oh ◽  
Tae-Hoon Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Direct Sunlight ◽  
Smart Windows

In this study, we analyzed angular-selective absorption in a guest–host liquid crystal (GHLC) cell for its application in smart windows. For reducing the energy consumption, angular-selective absorption is desired because the light transmitted through windows during the daytime is predominantly incident obliquely from direct sunlight. Owing to the absorption anisotropy of guest dichroic dyes, a GHLC cell can absorb the obliquely incident light, while allowing people to see through windows in a normal view. Therefore, the cell can provide a comfortable environment for occupants, and reduce the energy required for cooling by blocking the solar heat incident from the oblique direction. The GHLC cell can be switched between the transparent and opaque states for a normal view. The rising (falling) time was 6.1 (80.5) ms when the applied voltage was 10 V.

scholarly journals Building energy simulations for different building types equipped with a high performance thermochromic smart window

2021 ◽  
Vol 855 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
D Mann ◽  
C Yeung ◽  
R Habets ◽  
Z Vroon ◽  
P Buskens
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Annual Cost ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
The Impact

Abstract With constantly progressing climate change and global warming, we face the challenge to reduce our energy consumption and CO2 emission. To increase the energy-efficiency in buildings, we developed a thermochromic coating for smart windows which is optimized for intermediate climates. Here we present a building energy simulation study for the use of our smart window in the four main residential building types in the Netherlands. In the study we show that for all building types energy savings between 15-30% can be achieved. Hereby the impact of the windows on energy consumption is dependent on the window surface area as well as the total floor space. Furthermore we show that by the use of our new smart window, where the thermochromic coating is combined with a standard low-e coating, annual cost savings for energy between 220-445 € for a single household can be achieved. The thermochromic coating usually accounts for half of these cost savings, that is an addition in cost savings between 6-7.5 €/m2 glass. Due to the low material and processing costs for the thermochromic coating, a return on invest within 7 years should be feasible with these annual cost savings.

scholarly journals Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Thermal and Optical Properties of Nano-Composite Self-Cleaning Smart Window

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Jafari Vardanjani ◽  
Mehdi Karevan
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Smart Window ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Smart Glasses ◽  
Present Design ◽  
Injection Mechanism ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization

Abstract Polymer-based smart windows have recently received attention due to their capabilities in energy consumption reduction. A smart window provides desired optical properties when heated/cooled by using solar energy when the ambient temperature requires regulation. The main issue here is the design and fabrication of such a smart element which is the main axis of the current research. The window in the proposed design operates in such a way that the percentage of light transmission depends on the presence of nanofluid between the two walls and refractive index conformity between the fluid and the polymeric walls; Therefore the percentage of light transmission will be at its minimum value (45%) in the absence of fluid and it will be at the maximum value (80%) at the presence of fluid. The fundamental steps of the present design includes design, fabrication, and characterization of the materials. In this regard experiments to determine the mechanical, physical, structural, optical, and thermal properties of components have been performed after considering, designing, and manufacturing various samples. The results show that the proposed smart offers acceptable performance with a fast switching rate and even more than other similar smart glasses due to the usage of discharge/injection mechanism. In overall, the product can be used as a smart transparent element in various structures such as buildings and even vehicles to regulate energy consumption and/or block the view for security purposes.

Empirical Study on the Economic Effect of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in Different Industrial Stages

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1541-1546
Author(s):  
Ling Liu ◽  
Xiao Qing Ma ◽  
Zhi Juan Mao
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Panel Vector Autoregression

This paper has investigated the inner relationship between economic growth and energy consumption. Firstly, the authors have analyzed industrial level in 31 provinces of China between 1978 and 2011, and then classified them into different groups according to industrialization stages during different periods. Next, empirical study has tested the causality between economic growth and electricity consumption by the means of Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR). Then we conclude that the causality between electricity consumption and economic growth is bidirectional in Pre-industrial and late industrialization stage, during which reducing emissions is likely to have negative impact on GDP. And thus we need to pay more attention to improving energy efficiency and developing new energy. At the beginning and middle stage of industrialization, there exists unidirectional relation between economic growth and electricity consumption, which implies that a policy to reduce energy consumption makes little difference to GDP.

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