scholarly journals Application of System Dynamic Modelling for Evaluation of CO2 Emissions and Expenditure for Captive Power Generation Scenarios in the Cement Industry

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3115
Author(s):  
Akhil Kunche ◽  
Bożena Mielczarek
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Dynamic Modelling ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
System Dynamic ◽  
The Impact

Cement manufacturing is an emission-intensive process. The cement industry is responsible for 8% of the global CO2 emissions, and produces a ton of cement uses up to 102 kWh of electrical energy, leading to a significant amount of indirect emissions depending on the emission intensity of the electricity source. Captive power generation can be potentially utilised as a mitigation approach to reduce emissions and as well as expenditure on electricity tariffs. In this study, a system dynamic simulation model is built to evaluate the impact of captive power generation on a cement plant’s net emissions and expenditure through electricity use, under different scenarios for carbon-tax, grid emission factor, and electricity tariffs. The model is then utilised to simulate a reference plant under realistic scenarios designed based on the conditions in Germany and United Arab Emirates. Furthermore, the model is utilised to calculate the payback period of investments on captive power plants under different carbon tax scenarios. The study concludes that a carbon tax policy on emissions through electricity utilisation could have an impact on incentivising the use of captive power generation and would lead to fewer emissions and expenditure during the cement plant’s lifetime.

Dendrobiomass Based Power Generation - A PCS (Production to Consumption System) Approach in Tamil Nadu, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
P. Durairasu ◽  
K. Parthiban
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Consumption System ◽  
The Impact

Bioresources particularly the dendro energy resources play significant role in meeting the energy requirement of both domestic and industrial requirements. With the improvement in the technology of conversion and utilization over the last three decades dendro energy resources have reached a status of being considered as commercial energy resources and are prioritized for use in decentralized biomass based power generation projects. However, many biomass based power plants started in the country in general and the state of Tamil Nadu in particular have exhibited various constraints which resulted in uncertained power generation. The reasons are numerous but the key factors are non-availability of quality (High Calorific Value) raw material, fragmented land use pattern, lack of site specific HDSR models, unorganized supply chain and lack of partnership among various stake holders. Against this back drop, the current project has conceived a concept of consortium mode dendro energy farming by comprehensively involving all levels of stake holders viz., research institutes for technology development for dendro energy resources, biomass power plant for assuring minimum support price and to facilitate contract farming, the farmers to grow energy trees identified by the research institutes and adopt precision silvicultural technology and lastly the financial institution to provide credit facilities to energy plantation growers. This consortium has been successfully introduced and implemented in Tamil Nadu in association with Auromira Energy Company Limited which have three Biomass Power Plants with an installed capacity of 35.5 MW. Through this consortium, the research institute has identified high yielding energy rich species and developed HDSR models suitable for varied agroclimatic zones. This consortium has introduced contract dendro energy farming in the state following farm forestry and captive model approaches. The various contract farming models land lease, tree share and income share models have been introduced through this consortium to benefit the growers and the biomass based power plants. In a holistic perspective the consortium has reduced the impact of multipartite supply chain in to a bi-partite, tri-partite and quad partite model supply chain thereby helped to augment the Production to Consumption System (PCS). This model can suitably be modified to meet the wood requirement of other wood based industries. This paper discusses the constraints and the interventions made to augment dendrobioresources to generate power which are from clean and green bioresources.

scholarly journals Effects of a Delayed Expansion of Interconnector Capacities in a High RES-E European Electricity System

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 3098
Author(s):  
Ritter ◽  
Meyer ◽  
Koch ◽  
Haller ◽  
Bauknecht ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Market Model ◽  
Electricity Trading ◽  
Electricity System ◽  
System A ◽  
The Impact

In order to achieve a high renewable share in the electricity system, a significant expansion of cross-border exchange capacities is planned. Historically, the actual expansion of interconnector capacities has significantly lagged behind the planned expansion. This study examines the impact that such continued delays would have when compared to a strong interconnector expansion in an ambitious energy transition scenario. For this purpose, scenarios for the years 2030, 2040, and 2050 are examined using the electricity market model PowerFlex EU. The analysis reveals that both CO2 emissions and variable costs of electricity generation increase if interconnector expansion is delayed. This effect is most significant in the scenario year 2050, where lower connectivity leads roughly to a doubling of both CO2 emissions and variable costs of electricity generation. This increase results from a lower level of European electricity trading, a curtailment of electricity from a renewable energy source (RES-E), and a corresponding higher level of conventional electricity generation. Most notably, in Southern and Central Europe, less interconnection leads to higher use of natural gas power plants since less renewable electricity from Northern Europe can be integrated into the European grid.

scholarly journals Techno-economic analysis and modelling of the feasibility of wind energy in Kuwait

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Seyed Amir Kaboli ◽  
Reyhaneh Nazmabadi
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Wind Power Generation ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
The Impact

There continues to be significant attention and investment in wind power generation, which can supply a high percentage of the global demand for renewable energy if harvested efficiently. The research study is based on techno-economic analysis of the feasibility of implementing wind power generation in Kuwait with a power generation capacity of 105 MW based on 50 wind turbines, which has a major requirement for clean energy. The study focused on three main areas of analysis and numerical modeling using the RETScreen software tool. The first area involved evaluating the performance and efficacy of generating wind power by collecting, analyzing, and modeling data on observed wind levels, wind turbine operation, and wind power generation. The second area comprised an environmental impact review to assess the environmental benefits of implementing wind power. The third area involved economic analysis of installing wind power in Kuwait. The analysis was undertaken to assess the energy recovery time for wind energy and determine the mitigation of global warming and pollution levels, the decrease of toxic emissions, and any cost savings from implementing clean energy systems in Kuwait. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was undertaken to determine the impact of certain variables in the modeling process. The results are used to estimate that the energy price would be $0.053 per kWh for a power generation capacity of 105 MWh based on an initial cost of $168 million and O&M of $5 million for 214,000 MWh of electricity exported to the grid. Moreover, the wind turbine farm will potentially avoid the emission of approximately 1.8 million tonnes of carbon dioxide per year, thereby saving approximately $9 million over 20 years spent installing carbon capture systems for conventional power plants. The wind farm containing a simple wind turbine is estimated to have a payback period of 9.1 years.

scholarly journals Energy Evaluation of the Mechanical Drying of the Grain of Coffea arabica from Honduras

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
Fredy Torres Mejía ◽  
Jhunior Marcía Fuentes ◽  
Juan Torres Mejía ◽  
Flavio Hernández Bonilla ◽  
Ricardo Santos Alemán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Evaluation ◽  
Rotary Dryer ◽  
Reduction Of Co2 ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this research work was to evaluate the methods of mechanical drying of coffee beans (Coffea arabica) from energy evaluations. The control variables were the drying of the grain and energy was used as the response variable, measured in Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (TEP), Barrels of Oil Equivalent (BEP), and Tonnes of Carbon Dioxide Equivalent (Ton CO2eq). The evaluations on the three methods of mechanical coffee drying indicate that the rotary dryer requires 1.0 TEP equivalent to 1.017 kg CO2eqkg-1 in dry parchment coffee (CPS), however, the vertical drying method requires 1.12 TEP (0.616 kg CO2eqkg-1 in CPS) and the static dryer requires 0.5 TEP (0.33 Kg CO2eqkg-1 in CPS). Furthermore, the biomass energy consumption in the rotary dryer is 12.60 MJkg-1, in the vertical dryer it is 7.46 MJkg-1, and the static dryer is 3.91 MJkg-1. These results indicate that the rotary dryer uses 91.95% of the biomass energy, the vertical dryer uses 90.31%, and the static dryer 90.68%. Concluding that rotary drying has a higher biomass energy consumption and reduces CO2 emissions kg-1 in dry parchment coffee, this method is also preferred by cuppers, as it preserves the sensory qualities of the coffee and contributes to reducing the impact. the environment in the consumption of electrical energy and the reduction of CO2 emissions. However, these predictors need more work to validate reliability.

scholarly journals Profitable Decarbonization through E-Mobility

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 4042
Author(s):  
Gürkan Kumbaroğlu ◽  
Cansu Canaz ◽  
Jonathan Deason ◽  
Ekundayo Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

This paper focuses on the interdependent relationship of power generation, transportation and CO2 emissions to evaluate the impact of electric vehicle deployment on power generation and CO2 emissions. The value of this evaluation is in the employment of a large-scale, bottom-up, national energy modeling system that encompasses the complex relationships of producing, transforming, transmitting and supplying energy to meet the useful demand characteristics with great technological detail. One of such models employed in this analysis is the BUEMS model. The BUEMS model provides evidence of win-win policy options that lead to profitable decarbonization using Turkey’s data in BUEMS. Specifically, the result shows that a ban on diesel fueled vehicles reduces lifetime emissions as well as lifetime costs. Furthermore, model results highlight the cost-effective emission reduction potential of e-buses in urban transportation. More insights from the results indicate that the marginal cost of emission reduction through e-bus transportation is much lower than that through other policy measures such as carbon taxation in transport. This paper highlights the crucial role the electricity sector plays in the sustainability of e-mobility and the value of related policy prescriptions.

Carbon Dioxide Capture Using Sorbent-Loaded Hollow-Fiber Modules for Coal-Fired Power Plants

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Bachir El Fil ◽  
Dhruv C. Hoysall ◽  
Srinivas Garimella
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Hollow Fiber ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Capture ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Parasitic Load ◽  
Temperature Swing Adsorption ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of post-combustion carbon dioxide capture on the performance of a power plant is evaluated. A model of a coal power plant with post-combustion temperature swing adsorption CO2 capture using sorbent-loaded hollow fibers is presented. The resulting performance and cost of carbon capture are compared with those of other adsorption-based technologies. A parametric analysis of the performance of the power plant with respect to key parameters in the hollow fiber module operation is presented. It is found that electrical energy consumption for the compression of CO2 is a major parasitic load common to all absorption technologies and accounts for almost half of the total parasitic load. The effect of source temperature, flue gas fan and coupling fluid pump flow rates on overall system performance is presented. The impacts of different carbon capture technologies on the same coal-fired power plant are compared. Hollow fiber modules had the lowest parasitic load on the power plant, followed by KS-2 based carbon capture.

An Expanded Cost of Electricity Model for Highly Flexible Power Plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Can Gülen ◽  
Indrajit Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Combined Cycle ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
The Impact

Cost of electricity (COE) is the most widely used metric to quantify the cost-performance trade-off involved in comparative analysis of competing electric power generation technologies. Unfortunately, the currently accepted formulation of COE is only applicable to comparisons of power plant options with the same annual electric generation (kilowatt-hours) and the same technology as defined by reliability, availability, and operability. Such a formulation does not introduce a big error into the COE analysis when the objective is simply to compare two or more base-loaded power plants of the same technology (e.g., natural gas fired gas turbine simple or combined cycle, coal fired conventional boiler steam turbine, etc.) and the same (or nearly the same) capacity. However, comparing even the same technology class power plants, especially highly flexible advanced gas turbine combined cycle units with cyclic duties, comprising a high number of daily starts and stops in addition to emissions-compliant low-load operation to accommodate the intermittent and uncertain load regimes of renewable power generation (mainly wind and solar) requires a significant overhaul of the basic COE formula. This paper develops an expanded COE formulation by incorporating crucial power plant operability and maintainability characteristics such as reliability, unrecoverable degradation, and maintenance factors as well as emissions into the mix. The core impact of duty cycle on the plant performance is handled via effective output and efficiency utilizing basic performance correction curves. The impact of plant start and load ramps on the effective performance parameters is included. Differences in reliability and total annual energy generation are handled via energy and capacity replacement terms. The resulting expanded formula, while rigorous in development and content, is still simple enough for most feasibility study type of applications. Sample calculations clearly reveal that inclusion (or omission) of one or more of these factors in the COE evaluation, however, can dramatically swing the answer from one extreme to the other in some cases.

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