scholarly journals Hygrothermal Analysis of a Museum Storage Room for Metal Cultural Artifacts: Quantification of Factors Influencing High Humidity

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3309
Author(s):  
Kazuki Ishikawa ◽  
Chiemi Iba ◽  
Daisuke Ogura ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi ◽  
Misao Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Beams ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
Cultural Artifacts ◽  
Storage Room ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Hygrothermal Analysis

Several methods for appropriate control of the hygrothermal environment in museums to prevent the deterioration of cultural artifacts were presented in previous studies. However, few detailed hygrothermal simulation models have been used considering the hygrothermal performance of building components and airflow through gaps. Furthermore, hygrothermal properties of a type of storage facility with buffer spaces prevailing in Japan have not been quantitatively evaluated. The objectives of this study were to develop a detailed numerical model of a museum storage room with buffer spaces exhibiting high humidity during summer and to quantitatively evaluate the potential factors causing it; the inflow of humid outdoor air and indirect cooling caused by the air-conditioning system of a surrounding room. We analyzed the simulated temperature and humidity for various cases in which each influencing factor was suppressed. The humidity was reduced when the exhaust fan for the surrounding rooms was stopped or the windows were made airtight, but it hardly changed when the cooling ducts and the reinforced concrete beams were insulated. Thus, the high humidity in the room was attributed to the inflow of humid outdoor air accelerated by the ventilation of surrounding rooms. Although indirect cooling had a small impact on high humidity, its impact on energy loss could still be significant.

scholarly journals Experimental field-trial design to investigate the effects of a defective internal vapour layer on timber frame wall constructions including initial findings

2019 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
pp. 02047
Author(s):  
Lee Corcoran ◽  
Prof Aidan Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Timber Frame ◽  
Test House ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Hygrothermal Analysis ◽  
The Impact

Hygrothermal analysis in multi-layered building components is becoming common practice. Low energy design criteria demands an increase in thermal and airtightness requirements resulting in more complicated building envelope designs to accommodate the necessary insulation and airtightness layers. Furthermore, in many cases materials are being chosen based solely on their thermal characteristics without fully considering other properties and this may lead to unintentional interstitial moisture-related problems. Much progress has been made in developing tools for undertaking hygrothermal simulations; however, there are on-going questions regarding how best to model imperfections and defects accurately using these software packages. Results of simulation models carried out in accordance with the new WTA guideline have been reported in literature as encouraging and confirming practical experience. Further verification of these simplified methods is therefore essential, including investigations of the relationship between model assumptions and typical defects in different construction types. Therefore, there is a need for specific field experiments and laboratory tests which gather the data necessary to validate and/or calibrate these models under a wider range of constructions types, defect types and climates. This paper describes the experimental design and fabrication of a full-scale timber frame test house that has been developed to assess the impact of a common defect in the internal vapour control/airtightness barrier, along with initial data results and findings. The data obtained will be used to validate existing commercial hygrothermal models and investigate different parameters and methods for modelling these vapour barrier defects.

scholarly journals Biological Effects of Corona Discharge on Onions in a Commercial Storage Facility

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 608-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Song ◽  
Lihua Fan ◽  
Paul D. Hildebrand ◽  
Charles F. Forney
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Biological Effect ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Storage Facility ◽  
Discharge Treatment ◽  
Storage Room

The biological effect of corona discharge on onions (Allium cepa L.) in a commercial storage was investigated. Surface discoloration and mold were modestly but significantly reduced by the corona discharge when onions were stored for 2 or 4 weeks with or without an additional 2 weeks of shelf life under high humidity. Corona discharge treatment also reduced airborne mold spores in the storage room. No significant changes in internal decay, firmness, sprouting, or rooting, in treated onions were found.

scholarly journals The effects of microclimate and time resolution of meteorological data on hygrothermal analysis of wood frame building facades

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Ki Wu
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Hygrothermal Analysis ◽  
The Impact

When performing hygrothermal analysis for building envelopes, climate data is required as boundary conditions. This study investigates the effect of the microclimatic conditions using Toronto Pearson Airport and downtown hourly data. The results showed that the average water content of the wood frame building façade were similar throughout the study period. The high moisture content peaks reduced to average within days. The arithmetic averaged hourly weather data may also affect the analysis’ results. 5-minute weather data is collected from the Ryerson weather network. The hourly data is constructed from the 5-minute data by arithmetic averaging. The simulation results from both dataset followed closely to each other throughout the study period. The averaging of hourly data removed some details form the raw meteorological data. However, it does not affect the overall trend of the climate condition and the impact to the hygrothermal analysis of building components is very limited.

scholarly journals The effects of microclimate and time resolution of meteorological data on hygrothermal analysis of wood frame building facades

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai Ki Wu
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Frame Building ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Building Components ◽  
Wood Frame ◽  
Hygrothermal Analysis ◽  
The Impact

When performing hygrothermal analysis for building envelopes, climate data is required as boundary conditions. This study investigates the effect of the microclimatic conditions using Toronto Pearson Airport and downtown hourly data. The results showed that the average water content of the wood frame building façade were similar throughout the study period. The high moisture content peaks reduced to average within days. The arithmetic averaged hourly weather data may also affect the analysis’ results. 5-minute weather data is collected from the Ryerson weather network. The hourly data is constructed from the 5-minute data by arithmetic averaging. The simulation results from both dataset followed closely to each other throughout the study period. The averaging of hourly data removed some details form the raw meteorological data. However, it does not affect the overall trend of the climate condition and the impact to the hygrothermal analysis of building components is very limited.

Pocket pain, does location matter: a single-centre retrospective study of patients implanted with a spinal cord stimulator

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 891-897
Author(s):  
Ganesan Baranidharan ◽  
Beatrice Bretherton ◽  
Gemma Richert ◽  
Thomas Kay ◽  
Nathan Marsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Pulse Generators ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Prevalence Of Pain ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Site Pain

ObjectivesSpinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective therapy for alleviating pain but reported complication rates vary between healthcare centers. This study explored the prevalence of pain associated with Implantable Pulse Generators (IPGs), the component that powers the SCS system.MethodsThis was a retrospective, single site study analyzing data from 764 patients who had a fully implanted SCS between September 2013 and March 2020. Demographic data were collected together with IPG site and type, patient reported presence of IPG site pain, revisions, explants and baseline scores for neuropathic pain (using the Self-Administered Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs questionnaire). Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, independent sample t-tests, X2 tests of independence and logistic regression modeling.ResultsIPG site pain occurred in 127 (17%) of 764 patients. These patients had higher baseline neuropathic pain scores than those who reported no IPG site pain. This complication was more common in females than males. The lowest rates of IPG site pain occurred after posterior chest wall placement and the highest rates occurred after abdominal implants. 7% of patients had revision surgery for IPG site pain (n=55) and 10 of 95 explanted patients stated that IPG site pain was a secondary influencing factor.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that IPG site pain is a common complication, contributing to SCS revisions and explantation. This study shows that anatomical factors and baseline characteristics of individual patients may contribute to IPG site pain and indicates that exploration of potential factors leading to IPG revision is required.

Cooling Loads Prediction of 2010 Shanghai World Expo

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Pan ◽  
Yan Qu ◽  
Yuming Li
Keyword(s):  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
World Expo ◽  
Cooling Loads ◽  
Shanghai World Expo

The paper predicts and studies on the cooling loads of the pavilions in 2010 Shanghai World Expo based on the general planning of the expo. The simulation models are established using DOE-2, for the various pavilions: 5 permanent pavilions, national pavilions, international organization pavilions, corporate pavilions, and temporary exhibition pavilions. The modularization method is used to simplify the simulation models of the temporary exhibition pavilions. The cooling loads of the various pavilions from May 1st to Oct 31st 2010 are simulated and analyzed, including hourly cooling loads, monthly cooling loads and hourly cooling loads on summer design day. Lastly, three factors — weather, visitor flow rate and outdoor air supplying mode, are selected to conduct the uncertainty analysis on their impact on the cooling loads.

scholarly journals Hygrothermal simulation on effective dehumidification methods in a museum storage room

2021 ◽  
Vol 2069 (1) ◽  
pp. 012213
Author(s):  
K Ishikawa ◽  
C Iba ◽  
D Ogura ◽  
S Hokoi ◽  
M Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Cultural Artifacts ◽  
Metal Artifacts ◽  
Humidity Control ◽  
Storage Room ◽  
Hygrothermal Simulation ◽  
Low Humidity

Abstract The hygrothermal environment must be controlled in facilities like museums and galleries to suitably conserve the stored cultural artifacts. The present study proposes a humidity control technique for a museum storage room in Kyoto, Japan. This method requires limited energy and no large-scale equipment or major building renovation. The relative humidity of the room measured during the preliminary field survey exceeded the range for the conservation of metal artifacts (under 45%RH) throughout the year, and dehumidification was experimentally performed. The possible range of humidity control and the energy are quantitatively evaluated in the present study by simulating varied ways of operating a dehumidifier in combination with the improvement of the room’s property of being airtight. The results of the study indicated that simple building modifications and operational improvements could improve the storage environment. For instance, measures to ameliorate airtightness and sensing control along with the addition of small-scale equipment such as a home-use compressor-type dehumidifier can yield long-term low humidity suitable for the conservation of metal cultural artifacts. Such measures are also considered advantageous in terms of energy and labor consumption.

Performances of the Hybrid Active Desiccant Wheel System with Type III Desiccant

2010 ◽  
Vol 34-35 ◽  
pp. 167-171
Author(s):  
Yuan Zhi Zuo ◽  
Sheng Li Wen ◽  
Xi Ya Li
Keyword(s):  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Outdoor Air ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Air Conditioning System ◽  
Desiccant Wheel ◽  
Coil Temperature ◽  
New Type ◽  
Cooling Coil

A new type of hybrid desiccant air conditioning system combining an active desiccant wheel with a conventional front-positioned cooling coil is presented, in which Type Ⅲ desiccant is used in the active desiccant wheel. Then a preliminary experiment is carried out in order to investigate the feasibility of the hybrid desiccant system serving as a dedicated outdoor air system (DOAS). The result shows: under the two typical outdoor air conditions in the area of South China, the desiccant system which only needs to adopt a regeneration temperature of 45°C without lowering the cooling coil temperature can satisfy the requirements of the dehumidification; when operating in the climate with a high humidity of 90% and a high-temperature of no more than 36.5°C, the desiccant system only driven at a regeneration temperature of 60°C can also provide enough dehumidifying capacity; but compared with the active desiccant wheel using Type Ⅰor Type Ⅱ desiccant, this system can not reach a lower dew point. Therefore, this system can operate effectively at a moderate regeneration temperature, suitable for the high quality and comfortable air conditioning.

Simulation and Laboratory Studies on the Influence of Selected Engineering and Operational Parameters on Gear Transmission Vibroactivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 588 ◽  
pp. 266-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Peruń ◽  
Jan Warczek ◽  
Rafał Burdzik ◽  
Bogusław Łazarz
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Influencing Factor ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Technical Diagnostics ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Dynamic Phenomena

The optimization of the construction of gears leading to the minimization of dynamic effects and to meet all basic criteria is in many cases only possible by applying numerical methods. The models allow determining the influence of a range of factors on the dynamic phenomena. Proper experimental tests are often not possible because the number of options of influencing factor sets is very large. Using simulation models allows limiting the volume of experimental studies to the necessary minimum, and hence is beneficial from the economic standpoint. The paper describes numerical and laboratory researches on the influence of selected construction, technological and operational factors on the dynamic effects and vibroactivity in gears. Numerical analyses were performed using a custom-developed dynamic model of a test stand with the gears operating in the circulating power system. The models details were presented at the International Congress on Technical Diagnostics in 2008. The idea behind this article is to present selected results of simulation calculations and laboratory tests to determine the possibility of minimizing the noise and vibration of gears. Selected results of the calculations were also compared with the results of laboratory tests to demonstrate the high compatibility of the two test methods.

Correlation of Pore Structure and Permeability by SEM-Image Analysis

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 428-429
Author(s):  
C. A. Callender ◽  
Wm. C. Dawson ◽  
J. J. Funk
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rock Types

The geometric structure of pore space in some carbonate rocks can be correlated with petrophysical measurements by quantitatively analyzing binaries generated from SEM images. Reservoirs with similar porosities can have markedly different permeabilities. Image analysis identifies which characteristics of a rock are responsible for the permeability differences. Imaging data can explain unusual fluid flow patterns which, in turn, can improve production simulation models.Analytical SchemeOur sample suite consists of 30 Middle East carbonates having porosities ranging from 21 to 28% and permeabilities from 92 to 2153 md. Engineering tests reveal the lack of a consistent (predictable) relationship between porosity and permeability (Fig. 1). Finely polished thin sections were studied petrographically to determine rock texture. The studied thin sections represent four petrographically distinct carbonate rock types ranging from compacted, poorly-sorted, dolomitized, intraclastic grainstones to well-sorted, foraminiferal,ooid, peloidal grainstones. The samples were analyzed for pore structure by a Tracor Northern 5500 IPP 5B/80 image analyzer and a 80386 microprocessor-based imaging system. Between 30 and 50 SEM-generated backscattered electron images (frames) were collected per thin section. Binaries were created from the gray level that represents the pore space. Calculated values were averaged and the data analyzed to determine which geological pore structure characteristics actually affect permeability.

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