scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of the Power Conditioning Circuit for an Electromagnetic Human Walking-Induced Energy Harvester

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3367
Author(s):  
Ludwin Molina Arias ◽  
Joanna Iwaniec ◽  
Marek Iwaniec
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
State Space Representation ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

Among the various alternative energy sources, harvesting energy from the movement of the human body has emerged as a promising technology. The interaction between the energy harvesting structure and the power conditioning circuit is nonlinear in nature, which makes selecting the appropriate design parameters a complex task. In this work, we present an electromagnetic energy harvesting system suitable for recovering energy from the movement of the lower limb joints during walking. The system under study is modeled and simulated, considering three different scenarios in which the energy source is the hip, knee, and ankle joint. The power generated by the energy harvester is estimated from kinematic data collected from an experimental gait study on a selected participant. State-space representation and Recurrence plots (RPs) are used to study the dynamical system’s behavior resulting from the interaction between the electromagnetic structure and the power conditioning circuit. The maximum power obtained through the simulation considering a constant walking speed of 4.5 km/h lays in the range of 1.4 mW (ankle joint) to 90 mW (knee joint) without implementing a multiplier gear.

Synchronized Switch Harvesting on Inductor Interface to Promote Piezoelectric Stack Energy Harvesting From Human Walking

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxiao Zhang ◽  
Haili Liu ◽  
Ya Wang
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Human Walking ◽  
Storage Device ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Interface Circuits ◽  
Walking Locomotion ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

In this paper, a self-supported power conditioning circuit is developed for a footstep energy harvester, which consists of a monolithic multilayer piezoelectric stack with a force amplification frame to extract electricity from human walking locomotion. Based on a synchronized switch energy harvesting on inductance (SSHI) interface and a peak detector topology, the power conditioning circuit is designed to optimize the power flow from the piezoelectric stack to the energy storage device under real-time human walking excitation instead of a simple sine waveform input, as reported in most literatures. The unique properties of human walking locomotion and multilayer piezoelectric stack both impose complications for circuit design. Three common interface circuits, e.g. standard energy harvesting (SEH) circuit, series-SSHI and parallel-SSHI are compared in experiments to find which one is the best suit for the real-time-footstep energy harvester. Experimental results show that the use of parallel-SSHI circuit interface produces 85% more power than the SEH counterpart, while the use of series-SSHI circuit demonstrates the similar performance in comparison to the SEH interface. The reasons for such a huge efficiency improvement by using the parallel-SSHI interface are detailed in this paper.

Design and analysis of cantilever based piezoelectric vibration energy harvester

Circuit World ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirubaveni Savarimuthu ◽  
Radha Sankararajan ◽  
Gulam Nabi Alsath M. ◽  
Ani Melfa Roji M.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Power Conditioning ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Conditioning Circuit

Purpose This paper aims to present the design of a cantilever beam with various kinds of geometries for application in energy harvesting devices with a view to enhance the harvested power. The cantilever beams in rectangular, triangular and trapezoidal geometries are simulated, designed and evaluated experimentally. A power conditioning circuit is designed and fabricated for rectification and regulation. Design/methodology/approach The analytical model based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory is analyzed for various cantilever geometries. The aluminum beam with Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) 5H strip is used for performing frequency, displacement, strain distribution, stress and potential analysis. A comparative analysis is done based on the estimated performance of the cantilevers with different topologies of 4,500 mm3 volume. Findings The analysis shows the trapezoidal cantilever yielding a maximum voltage of 66.13 V at 30 Hz. It exhibits maximum power density of 171.29 W/mm3 at optimal resistive load of 330 kΩ. The generated power of 770.8 µW is used to power up a C-mote wireless sensor network. Originality/value This study provides a complete structural analysis and implementation of the cantilever for energy harvesting application, integration of power conditioning circuit with the energy harvester and evaluation of the designed cantilevers under various performance metrics.

Theoretical and experimental studies of a piezoelectric ring energy harvester

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 998-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
XF Zhang ◽  
HS Tzou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Practical Applications

Based on the electromechanical coupling of piezoelectricity, a piezoelectric ring energy harvester is designed and tested in this study, such that the harvester can be used to power electric devices in the closed-circuit condition. Output energies across the external resistive load are evaluated when the ring energy harvester is subjected to harmonic excitations, and various design parameters are discussed to maximize the power output. In order to validate the theoretical energy harvesting results, laboratory experiments are conducted. Comparing experiment results with theoretical ones, the errors between them are under 10% for the output voltage. Laboratory experiments demonstrate that the ring energy harvester is workable in practical applications.

Energy Harvesting From Controlled Buckling of a Horizontal Piezoelectric Beam

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Ansari ◽  
M. Amin Karami
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Axial Deformation ◽  
Vibration Energy Harvester ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Horizontal Beam ◽  
Piezoelectric Beam ◽  
Piezoelectric Vibration

A piezoelectric vibration energy harvester is designed to generate electricity under the weight of passing crowds. The piezoelectric beam buckles to a controlled extent when the device is stepped on. The device is a seven bar mechanism. The upper and lower bars as well as the lateral links are rigid. The middle horizontal beam is a bimorph piezoelectric beam. Damages to the piezoelectric beam are avoided by constraining its axial deformation. This constrain is implemented by limiting squeezing of the mechanism. When a person moves over the mechanism or steps off the devices it causes the bimorph to buckle or return to the unbuckled condition. The transitions result in vibrations of the piezoelectric beam and thus generate energy. In this paper, the energy harvester is analytically modeled. The electro-mechanical coupling and the geometric nonlinearities have been included in the model for the piezoelectric beam. The design criteria for the device are discussed. It is demonstrated that the device can be realized with commonly used piezoelectric patches and can generate hundreds of milliwatts of power. A three part beam is also investigated. The effect of design parameters on the generated power and required tolerances are illustrated. The proposed device could be implemented in the sidewalks producing energy from the weight of people passing over it. Other possible applications are portable smart phones chargers and shoe hill energy harvesting. Dance floor of a club is another applicable example for using this harvester. The main advantage of using horizontal configuration instead of a vertical arrangement is the ease of placement in the pavements.

scholarly journals Design of Kinetic-Energy Harvesting Floors

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5419
Author(s):  
Thitima Jintanawan ◽  
Gridsada Phanomchoeng ◽  
Surapong Suwankawin ◽  
Phatsakorn Kreepoke ◽  
Pimsalisa Chetchatree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Average Energy ◽  
Heel Strike ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design System ◽  
Lead Screw ◽  
Screw Mechanism

Alternative energy generated from people’s footsteps in a crowded area is sufficient to power smart electronic devices with low consumption. This paper aims to present the development of an energy harvesting floor—called Genpath—using a rotational electromagnetic (EM) technique to generate electricity from human footsteps. The dynamic models of the electro-mechanical systems were developed using MATLAB®/Simulink to predict the energy performances of Genpath and help fine-tune the design parameters. The system in Genpath comprises two main parts: the EM generator and the Power Management and Storage (PMS) circuit. For the EM generator, the conversion mechanism for linear translation to rotation was designed by using the rack-pinion and lead-screw mechanism. Based on the simulation analysis, the averaged energy of the lead-screw model is greater than that of the rack-pinion model. Thus, prototype-II of Genpath with 12-V-DC generator, lead-screw mechanism was recently built. It shows better performance when compared to the previous prototype-I of Genpath with 24-V-DC-generator, rack-pinion mechanism. Both prototypes have an allowable displacement of 15 mm. The Genpath prototype-II produces an average energy of up to 702 mJ (or average power of 520 mW) per footstep. The energy provided by Genpath prototype-II is increased by approximately 184% when compared to that of the prototype-I. The efficiency of the EM-generator system is ~26% based on the 2-W power generation from the heel strike of a human’s walk in one step. Then, the PMS circuit was developed to harvest energy into the batteries and to supply the other part to specific loads. The experiment showed that the designed PMS circuit has the overall efficiency of 74.72%. The benefit of the design system is for a lot of applications, such as a wireless sensor and Internet of Thing applications.

scholarly journals A Study on the Analytic Power Estimation of the Electromagnetic Resonant Energy Harvester for the High-Speed Train

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Power Sources ◽  
Resonant Energy ◽  
High Speed Trains ◽  
Analytic Estimation

This study is intended to identify the applicability of energy harvesting technologies that are regarded as new electrical power sources for the sensors on high-speed trains. The analytic estimation research is conducted on the amount of electric energy harvested from the high-speed trains, operating at a maximum speed of over 400km/h to verify the applicability of the energy harvesting technology converting the vibration energy of axle and bogie into electric power. Based on the data of the vibration acceleration on the axles and bogies, which were measured by using a 500 Hz analog filter, an analytic estimation on the amount of power harvested by an electromagnetic resonant harvester is conducted through the analysis of the main frequency. The power of the electromagnetic resonant harvester is based on a theoretical model of the mass-spring-damper system, and the harvested power from the axles and bogies in the vertical direction is analytically estimated in this study. The analytic calculations typically give the target value for the final performance of the electromagnetic resonant energy harvester. The targets of the analytic estimations are given to provide the basis for the detailed design and to give a basis for defining the basic design parameters of the electromagnetic resonant energy harvester.

A Singular Perturbation Approach for Modeling Differential-Algebraic Systems

1998 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 541-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon W. Gordon ◽  
Sheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Singular Perturbation ◽  
State Space ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Perturbation Approach ◽  
Algebraic Equations ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
State Space Representation ◽  
Singular Perturbation Analysis

Dynamic systems described by an implicit mixed set of Differential and Algebraic Equations (DAEs) are often encountered in control system modeling and analysis due to inherent constraints in the system. A key difficulty in control and simulation of DAE systems is that they are not expressed in an explicit state space representation. This paper describes a general approach based on singular perturbation analysis for adding fast dynamics to a system of DAEs so that they can be expressed in an explicit state space form. Conditions for asymptotic convergence and approximation methods are investigated. The approach is illustrated for a model of a two-phase flow heat exchanger.

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