scholarly journals Comprehensive Assessment of Smart Grids: Is There a Universal Approach?

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3497
Author(s):  
Oleksii Lyulyov ◽  
Ihor Vakulenko ◽  
Tetyana Pimonenko ◽  
Aleksy Kwilinski ◽  
Henryk Dzwigol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Universal Approach ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
Different Content

A comprehensive assessment of smart grids is critical for their development. Existing scientific research testifies to the urgency and complexity of the problem of implementing smart grids effectively, both in terms of a single project performance and from the standpoint of creating a local, and later global, energy system. The multidimensionality of smart grids makes it challenging to assess the effectiveness of their implementation. Difficulties in evaluation arise because it is challenging to consider technical, technological, economic, and other relevant aspects of smart grids’ development within a single evaluation system. There are currently a significant number of smart grid assessment systems. However, it remains debatable how systematically and comprehensively they measure the efficiency of a smart grid. This, in turn, raises the question of whether there is a universal evaluation system that integrally considers all the crucial components of smart grids and is suitable for evaluating smart grid projects of different content. This article analyzes the most well-known approaches to comprehensive assessment of smart grids according to the completeness of their coverage of smart grids’ most critical components. This paper identifies the essential areas for assessing smart grids according to the most cited and authoritative research and regulatory documents of the European Union. As a result, seven groups of indicators were identified. These groups of indicators are the basis for comparative analysis of the comprehensive assessment approaches of smart grids. The results of the study should help determine the appropriateness of applying a particular evaluation system. In addition, the analysis of existing evaluation systems allows the shaping of a universal approach to evaluating smart grids comprehensively and systematically.

scholarly journals A Methodology for Determination and Definition of Key Performance Indicators for Smart Grids Development in Island Energy Systems

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dionysios Pramangioulis ◽  
Konstantinos Atsonios ◽  
Nikos Nikolopoulos ◽  
Dimitrios Rakopoulos ◽  
Panagiotis Grammelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Key Performance Indicators ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Evaluation Approach

There is a growing interest over the last decades in the field of autonomous island grids that is driven mainly by climate reasons. The common objective among the members of the European Union (EU) is the increase of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) penetration in the energy mixture, as well as turning the grid into a smart grid. Consequently, more and more state-of-the-art solutions are being proposed for the electricity generation and the optimization of the energy system management, taking advantage of innovations in all energy related sectors. The evaluation of all available solutions requires quantitative assessment, through the adoption of representative Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the projects that are related to smart grid development in isolated energy systems, providing the relevant stakeholders with a useful comparison among the proposed solutions. The evaluation approach that is described in this paper emphasizes the role of the various stakeholder groups who face the proposed solutions by different points of view. Apart from the domains of interest that are also observed in previous approaches, the proposed list also contains a set of legal KPIs, since the regulatory framework can either represent a serious barrier or grant a strong incentive for the implementation of state-of-the-art energy technology and grid management solutions in different countries.

Smart Grid Efficiency: a Chinese Approach

2019 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Ihor A. Vakulenko
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indicator System ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
The European Union ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China

The paper considers the issues of evaluating the efficiency of smart grid projects, which is important for evaluating the performance of implemented projects and identifying the most promising projects among those proposed for implementation. The objective of the work is to identify and analyze the approaches to the assessment of smart grids used in the People's Republic of China (PRC). For this purpose, has been allocated two typical approaches that have proliferated and are widely used in China. Moreover, one of them (Grid development assessment index system) is universal: it is used to evaluate both existing and potential projects - the other (Smart grid pilot project evaluation indicator system) is used solely to evaluate pilot projects (smart grid projects that may be implemented). The urgency of the work is justified by the need to identify the best world practices for evaluating Smart Grid projects in view of the prospects for the development of smart grids in Ukraine, and therefore the need to select the most effective projects and identify the most promising areas of energy sector development. Building smart grids is a prerequisite for integrating the Ukrainian energy system with the European Union's energy system. The geographical choice of the People's Republic of China for research purposes is explained by the country's significant progress in building a smart grid over a limited time interval. The beginning of active activity in this area in the PRC dates back to the period when the countries of the European Union and the United States of America implemented the basic reforms necessary for the implementation of complex infrastructure projects in the field of smart energy networks. Key words: energy, innovation, Smart Grid, evaluation techniques.

scholarly journals FORMATION BASIS OF ENERGY REFORM WITH "SMART" TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
I. Vakulenko ◽  
S. Kolosok ◽  
S. Pryimenko ◽  
Iu. Matvieieva
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Strategy ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Reform

The Ukrainian energy system is one of the least efficient in the world. In terms of energy intensity, GDP is one of the last places in the corresponding world rankings. The need to reduce energy consumption of production is a key driver of reforming the energy sector of Ukraine's economy. Ukraine's international commitments and strategic course for integration with the European Union set priorities in the country's energy policy. Ukraine's energy strategy reflects key areas for the future development of the industry and is developed in the light of global trends and experience of the European Union. However, the implementation of the strategy requires a number of measures, including the adaptation of national legislation to the requirements of the European Union in order to form a new model of a competitive energy market. In addition, an important aspect of energy reform is the innovative nature of the measures envisaged for implementation. In particular, particular attention should be paid to the application of technologies that will form the basis of the energy system in the medium to long term. Such technologies include, in particular, “smart” grids that require a systematic approach to scale them up. The article deals with the reasons of low energy efficiency of the Ukrainian economy and the dynamics of the energy intensity index of the gross domestic product of Ukraine from the early 90s to the present and its relation with the world average. The structure of the country's energy balance and transformation of the electricity market are considered as one of the key directions of reforming the country's energy system. In addition, the article identifies that the development of "smart" energy networks is today an alternative direction for the development of electricity. The importance of continuous support of energy market participants for the formation of favorable business and investment environment is identified, as well as the potential consequences of state policy fluctuations of energy market actors on the example of solar energy support in Ukraine are identified. Keywords: "smart" grids, energy, GDP, energy strategy.

scholarly journals Inteligentne sieci jako platforma umożliwiająca innowacyjną działalność przedsiębiorców w sektorze elektroenergetycznym - problematyka prawna

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Trupkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Potential Benefits

This paper is an analysis of smart grids and smart metering concept under Polish energy law. The main focus is put on the innovative potential which will become available in the electricity market once the energy system in Poland is based on smart grids and when energy consumers are billed with the use of smart metering. In the first part of the paper, the concept of a smart grid and its innovative characteristics is presented. The main emphasis is put on cooperation between businesses operating in the energy sector and those in the IT sector. This innovative approach is indirectly determined by numerous EU legislative acts which set out trends and directions of development of the energy transmission system. The second part addresses the legal requirements of implementing a smart grid concept and looks at how this issue is understood the Polish regulatory authority and others bodies of central administration responsible for the energy sector. The paper ends with an identification of potential benefits arising from the implementation of smart grids and smart metering, which include: renewable energy resources, energy efficiency, energy security and the mechanism of demand side management. All these can contribute to the development of businesses involved in the energy sector and the development of a competitive electricity market in Poland.

scholarly journals Structures and functions of complex evaluation systems: comparison of six Central and Eastern European countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 002085232110269
Author(s):  
Tomasz Kupiec ◽  
Dominika Wojtowicz ◽  
Karol Olejniczak
Keyword(s):  
Evaluation System ◽  
Minimum Degree ◽  
System Structure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Programme Implementation ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Organizational Evaluation ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The One

Evaluation practice is vital for the accountability and learning of administrations implementing complex policies. This article explores the relationships between the structures of the evaluation systems and their functions. The findings are based on a comparative analysis of six national systems executing evaluation of the European Union Cohesion Policy. The study identifies three types of evaluation system structure: centralized with a single evaluation unit, decentralized with a coordinating body and decentralized without a coordinating body. These systems differ in terms of the thematic focus of evaluations and the targeted users. Decentralized systems focus on internal users of knowledge and produce mostly operational studies; their primary function is inward-oriented learning about smooth programme implementation. Centralized systems fulfil a more strategic function, recognizing the external audience and external accountability for effects. Points for practitioners Practitioners who design multi-organizational evaluation systems should bear in mind that their structure and functions are interrelated. If both accountability and learning are desired, the evaluation system needs at least a minimum degree of decentralization on the one hand and the presence of an active and independent coordination body on the other.

scholarly journals Combination of D-AHP and Grey Theory for the Assessment of the Information Security Risks of Smart Grids

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Hua Dong ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Kun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Embedded System ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Grey Theory ◽  
Security Risk ◽  
Ahp Method

As a modern power infrastructure, smart grids have great advantages over traditional power grids, but their effective operation is largely restricted by information security. Hence, a smart grid information security risk assessment (ISRA) method is proposed. This method combines D numbers to improve the classical analytic hierarchy process (D-AHP) independent of experts’ subjective qualitative assessment and then integrated with grey theory which does not require complete and unambiguous information. First, we establish a smart grid ISRA system according to the characteristics and development reality of smart grid technology. The proposed system includes 5 first-level indexes as an intelligent terminal, a wireless communication channel, password security, application code and embedded system, and corresponding 13 secondary indexes. Second, a D-AHP method aimed at the uncertainty of human subjective judgment and fuzziness of language assessment is used to obtain the weight of each index. The D-AHP method is then combined with the grey assessment matrix solved by grey theory, to obtain the comprehensive assessment value and corresponding risk grade. With a smart grid demonstration project in Suzhou, China, as an example, an empirical study is carried out using expert scoring. The comprehensive assessment risk value is 3.8199, and the corresponding risk level is moderate. The results of this work could serve as a reference for the information security protection of smart grids.

Towards a common equine rationing system across the European Union

2004 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
W Martin–Rosset
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Feeding Trials ◽  
Digestible Crude Protein

SummarySince the 1980’s, two feed evaluation systems, the NRC and the INRA, have been proposed, suggesting allowances for energy and protein (Cuddeford, 1998). NRC recommendations include suggestions for digestible energy (DE) and digestible crude protein (DCP in 1978) and later crude protein (CP in 1989). INRA, (from 1984-1990), have firstly suggested the Net Energy System (NE), also referred to as the UFC system in French, (so called, as the NE system relies on expressing the NE value of a feed relative to a reference feed [barley], or Horse Feed Unit). The INRA have also gone on to recommend the Horse Digestible Crude Protein system (HDCP, or MADC in French). Whilst the INRA and NRC systems have both proposed nutritional requirements, the NRC is exclusive in its use of a protocol called the ‘factorial method’.The factorial method was initially contrived to allow for the determination of physiological expenditure, where the efficiencies of the nutrients were known and relevant. Other influences could then be considered by implementing feed trials to determine allowances which would take into account most environmental factors. Both the NRC and the INRA have proposed a range of Dry Matter Intake (DMI) values, which intend to meet the nutritional requirements of differing types of horses. DMI values provided by the INRA have been drawn directly from feeding experiments conducted over the last 30 years. Ingestibility of the main types of forages have also been extensively measured in horses, using feeding trials devoted to that purpose. The following chapter will review existing methods and suggest a progression strategy towards a common rationing system.

scholarly journals Inteligentne sieci jako platforma umożliwiająca innowacyjną działalność przedsiębiorców w sektorze elektroenergetycznym - problematyka prawna

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Trupkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Electricity Market ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Smart Metering ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Potential Benefits

This paper is an analysis of smart grids and smart metering concept under Polish energy law. The main focus is put on the innovative potential which will become available in the electricity market once the energy system in Poland is based on smart grids and when energy consumers are billed with the use of smart metering. In the first part of the paper, the concept of a smart grid and its innovative characteristics is presented. The main emphasis is put on cooperation between businesses operating in the energy sector and those in the IT sector. This innovative approach is indirectly determined by numerous EU legislative acts which set out trends and directions of development of the energy transmission system. The second part addresses the legal requirements of implementing a smart grid concept and looks at how this issue is understood the Polish regulatory authority and others bodies of central administration responsible for the energy sector. The paper ends with an identification of potential benefits arising from the implementation of smart grids and smart metering, which include: renewable energy resources, energy efficiency, energy security and the mechanism of demand side management. All these can contribute to the development of businesses involved in the energy sector and the development of a competitive electricity market in Poland.

Research on Renewable Energy and its Coordinated Development with Smart Grid

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 4239-4243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Lu Wang ◽  
Hong Cai Dai ◽  
Qiong Hui Li
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Evaluation System ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Analytic Hierarchy

The modern power systems are typically characterized with renewable energies and smart grids. Their development should be in a coordinated manner. According to the structuring parts of power industry, such as generation, transmission, distribution, consumption and dispatching, this paper constructs a comprehensive evaluation system for renewable energy and smart grid coordinate development in "3 levels, 4 parts, 15 targets; put forward a quantitative evaluation method for coordination level between renewable energies and smart grids in China, using analytic hierarchy process, calculate the coordination level in total and for each part. The paper also presents the key fields and priorities for coordinated development.

scholarly journals Building the New Electric Grid

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridget Mintz Testa
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Smart Grids ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Time Usage ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
And Control ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Time Information

This article focuses on benefits of the electric meters capable of sharing real-time usage data with the company and customers alike. Creating the smart grid on a national scale will be perhaps the biggest change to the electrical system since the rural electrification effort of the 1930s. Companies are trying to get a more reliable energy system through, for example, outage management systems, rebalancing loads, and getting help with rebalancing through consumers controlling their usage. To provide real-time or near-real time information, which is needed for consumers to monitor and control their usage, the electric meters must communicate with each other frequently. Sensing and monitoring devices at customer premises that let customers control their electric use are explicit elements of smart grids The future smart grid, Smart Grid 2.0, is next-generation, interactive, self-healing, distributed everywhere, and has an innate capability to reach every device.

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