scholarly journals Improvement of Gas Generator Technology for Energy Processing of Agricultural Waste

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3642
Author(s):  
Wacław Romaniuk ◽  
Piotr A. Savinykh ◽  
Kinga Borek ◽  
Yulia A. Plotnikowa ◽  
Andriej V. Palitsyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Flow Speed ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Control Mode ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Generator Gas

The article discusses the issues of increasing the energy efficiency of processing agricultural waste in a gas generator. The main goal of this technological process is the production of gas fuel from agricultural waste. This fuel is generator gas. The energy value or calorific value of the generator gas depends on the elementary composition of the solid fuel being processed (straw, animal droppings, peat, wood, carbon-containing industrial waste, etc.) and also on the conditions under which chemical reactions take place in the gas generator. In order to improve the gas generator technology, some innovative technical solutions have been proposed. The solutions are related to controlling the supply of the oxidizer (atmospheric air) to the reaction zone of the gas generator, to recuperate the thermal energy of the gas generator and the combined combustion engine of the power plant for the needs of the gasification process. The solutions are also related to the use of compensation and accumulation systems for supplying the consumer with generator gas and to the spatial positioning of the gas generator housing. The control mode of the oxidizer supply to the reaction zone of the gas generator was also investigated. The analysis of the experimental material allows us to draw a conclusion about the positive effect of control modes on the energy value of the generator gas at non-nominal consumption of generator gas by the consumer. This is a consequence of the optimization of the flow speed of the oxidant from the blowing nozzles of the gas generator. According to the tests of the chemical composition of generator gas in gas generator, depending on the number of electromagnetic valves operating, the largest CO content (approx. 17%) was with five valves, CO2 (approx. 5%) with the lower number of valves, and the O2 was with the highest number of valves. The pressure gauge (discharge in gas generator) was the biggest, according to the lower number of valves. The biggest gas consumption was approx. 6 m3/h.

Production of Short-Chain Carboxylic Acids by Co-Digestion of Swine Manure and Corn Silage: Effect of Carbon-Nitrogen Ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qitao Cao ◽  
Wanqin Zhang ◽  
Yunhao Zheng ◽  
Tianjing Lian ◽  
Hongmin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Energy Value ◽  
Unit Energy ◽  
Acid Producing Bacteria

HighlightsThe maximum SCCA concentration was achieved at a C/N ratio of 25 with 18 days of fermentation.The highest VFAs and LA were produced at C/N ratios of 12.7 and 35, respectively, after 12 days of fermentation.The unit energy value of SCCAs for drop-in fuel production was 50.5% higher than that of methane.The dominant bacteria changed from Clostridium to Lactobacillus with increasing C/N ratio.Abstract. Advancing technologies to produce short-chain carboxylic acids (SCCAs) from agricultural waste are expected to be more economical and efficient. This study presented a new attempt to enhance SCCA production from co-digestion of swine manure and corn silage with the carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratio adjusted from 12.7 to 50.2. Results showed that the maximum SCCA concentration of 26,214 ±2948 mg COD L-1 was achieved at a C/N ratio of 25 with 18 days of digestion, and the concentrations of lactic acid (LA) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were 8700 ±1060 mg COD L-1 and 17,514 ±1888 mg COD L-1, respectively. The LA content first increased and then slightly decreased with increasing C/N ratio, and the maximum LA concentration was 468.5 ±44.3 mg COD g-1 VSadded (VSadded means added fermentation material is calculated as volatile solids) at a C/N ratio of 35 at 12 days of digestion. VFAs showed an opposite trend, with a maximum VFA concentration of 601.1 ±42.4 mg COD g-1 VSadded found at a C/N ratio of 12.7 after 12 days of digestion. Potential energy analysis of the highest SCCA production showed that the unit energy value of SCCAs for drop-in fuel production was 50.5% higher than that of methane. Analysis of the microbial community showed that the dominant bacterial groups changed gradually from butyric acid-producing bacteria (Clostridium) to lactic acid-producing bacteria (Lactobacillus) as the C/N ratio increased from 12.7 to 50.2. Keywords: Anaerobic digestion, Corn silage, Lactic acid, Short-chain carboxylic acids, Swine manure.

scholarly journals Investigation of possibility to utilise agricultural waste in gas generator with parametric process control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Savinyh ◽  
Andrew Palicyn ◽  
Semjons Ivanovs ◽  
Alexander Korotkov
Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Gas Generator

Increase of heat utilization coefficient of micro-TPP fuel based on ice with air-cooling due to cogeneration

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
D. S. Sinelnikov ◽  
P. A. Shchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Energy Effect ◽  
Electric Power Supply ◽  
Heat Utilization ◽  
Utilization Coefficient

The market is widely represented by a number of micro HPP (gasoline generators) based on internal combustion engines (ICE) with air cooling. Such setups are used in everyday life, by professional builders, geologists, soldiers and rescuers in the areas of emergencies, and in the regions with lack of infrastructure. Improving the efficiency of such plants will reduce the amount of fuel supplied in the areas of their operation. This paper shows the main provisions of the research technique of the experimental cogeneration heat and power plant on the basis of an air-cooled carburetor combustion engine which is based on the mechanism of energy balances. The working capacity of the technique on various loads of the plant operation is shown. The conditions for determining the effect which consist in bringing the comparable variants to the same energy potential on the output of products are formulated. As comparison variants, it is necessary to consider electric power supply from the gas generator, and heat supply from the heat gun which, in turn, can use gas, liquid fuel or electric power as the primary energy carrier. The basic schemes of realization of cogeneration in the conditions of reduction to the same energy effect are presented. It is shown that the use of cogeneration obtained from heat of air flow cooling the cylinder head for micro HPP based on carbureted ICE with air cooling increases the coefficient of fuel heat utilization () by 1.52 times. The setup with 2.4 kW capacity for 3035 minutes can increase the temperature of the room air in the volume of 150 m3 (for example, in a staff or medical room) by  3C at  = 0.3. It is shown that cogeneration for mini-HPPs on the basis of air-cooled ICE after installation of a special heat exchanger for waste gas heat recovery allows increasing the fuel heat utilization coefficient up to  = 0.5. It is shown that a gasoline generator with cogeneration is more efficient than a gasoline generator in combination with a heat gun and due to fuel cost saving can be renewed every four years.

scholarly journals Optimization of biogas composition in experimental studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 02007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radostin Dimitrov ◽  
Zdravko Ivanov ◽  
Penka Zlateva ◽  
Veselin Mihaylov
Keyword(s):  
Methane Concentration ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Main Components

The article is focused on the potential and application of biogas, as an alternative fuel from Renewable Energy Sources, for use mainly in gas-generator stations. Biogas fuel is basically a mixture of methane and carbon dioxide. Its composition depends on the type of raw material used for its production. Methane concentration in biogas is between 50÷80%. To be possible engine to work with maximum efficiency with different biogas fuels, it is necessary to modify specific adjustment parameters depending on the concentration of methane in the mixture. This requires the creation of a biogas simulation system for different concentrations of the main components. The aim is to investigate and determine the optimum and permissible biofuel blend concentrations and their impact on engine performance and fuel consumption. Biogas can be used as a fuel to produce electricity, heat or steam or as fuel for internal combustion engine, and its use will help to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Optimization of design and technological parameters of the gas-producer plant for operating the internal combustion engine of the power plant

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-94
Author(s):  
Yuliya Aleksandrovna Plotnikova ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Palitsyn ◽  
Aleksandr Nikolaevich Korotkov
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Zone ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Oxidizing Agent ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Method Of Calculation ◽  
Parametric Control ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Supply Mode

The analysis of variable factors affecting the gas-producer plant functioning has been carried out. The study has shown that the most significant factor affecting the gasification process in the reaction zone of the gasifier is the supply mode of O2 oxidizing agent, which is the atmospheric air. Having taken into account the results of the exploratory studies, the authors have patented and proposed parametric control elements of the oxidizing agent supply in the plane and volume of the gasifier reaction zone. The article deals with the basic control modes of the blast lances of the gasifier, such as static, dynamic synchronous and dynamic asynchronous ones. The method of calculation of the oxidizer flow rate under different control modes of the blast lances, under condition of maintaining the rate of airflow out of the lance in the optimal range of speeds is given.

scholarly journals The New Method for Determining the Composition of Wood Gas Produced in Gas Generators of the Inverted Gasification Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-361
Author(s):  
E. M. Kashin ◽  
V. N. Didenko
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Balance Method ◽  
New Method ◽  
Reduction Zone ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Gasification Process ◽  
Gas Generators ◽  
Gasification Products ◽  
Generator Gas ◽  
Redox Zone

The article presents a new method for determining the composition of wood generator gas produced in gas generators of the inverted gasification process. The shortcomings of the existing calculation methods are analyzed, the main of which is the insufficient harmonization of the calculation results with the experimental data. The authors substantiate the priority of the main chemical reactions occurring during gasification of wood fuel. There are three active zones of gasification, viz.: a redox zone, a reduction zone and a zone of interaction of gasification products with each other and with the carbon of the fuel. In general, a redox zone consists of two subzones: in the first one reactions of water gas formation occur, and the second one appears when excess air is supplied to the gas generator. The proposed method for calculating the components of the generator gas is a set of a modified balance method and an added method for calculating the concentrations of chemical reaction products by the equilibrium constants of these reactions in the active gasification zones with different temperatures. The modified balance method considers the primary processes of wood and moist air transformation into components of the generator gas in the first subzone of the redox zone. The modified balance method is based on the equations of material balance of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, moisture, nitrogen and thermal balance of the system. The added method determines the concentrations of the components of the generator gas in the second subzone of the redox zone, as well as in the reduction zone and the zone of interaction of the gasification products with each other and with the fuel carbon. The combination of these two methods makes it possible to calculate with greater accuracy the output of the generator gas, the concentration of its components, fuel and air consumption, as well as a number of other characteristics of the gas generator.

A PIEZO-ELECTRIC METHOD OF MEASURING THE PRESSURE VARIATIONS IN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

1932 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. G. I. Watson ◽  
D. A. Keys
Keyword(s):  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Pressure Gauge ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Photographic Film ◽  
Special Value ◽  
Electric Pressure ◽  
Hot Surface ◽  
Piezo Electric

A piezo-electric pressure gauge is described in which the pressures produced by the explosions in an internal combustion engine are recorded as the displacements of the beam of a cathode-ray oscillograph. By applying a time displacement, synchronizing with the speed of the engine, to the beam so as to cause a displacement at right angles to the pressure displacements, the time-pressure characteristics of the engine explosions are obtained on a photographic film. This arrangement reduces the inertia of the gauge to a minimum and is of special value in obtaining records of a single cycle in the investigation of knocks. Specimen records taken on a Petter hot surface engine are given.

Features of operation and service of vehicles running on generator gas obtained by processing of domestic waste

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gaseous Fuel ◽  
Gas Generator ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technical Operation ◽  
Vehicle Market ◽  
Generator Gas

The article discusses problems related to the prospects for expanding the stock of vehicles running on gaseous fuel. The fuel is obtained by gasification of waste from the forest, woodworking industry, agriculture and solid domestic waste. It is shown that the transfer of vehicles to gasgenerated fuel will allow obtaining positive effects not only in the economy, but also in the social and environmental areas. The factors restraining the development of the gas-generator vehicle market are analyzed. The features of the technical operation of gas-generator vehicles with LPG elements are considered. An algorithm for optimizing the service of gasgenerator vehicles is proposed. Keywords gas-generating vehicles; gas-generating plant; industrial and consumer waste

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