scholarly journals Influence of Environmental Changes Due to Altitude on Performance, Fuel Consumption and Emissions of a Naturally Aspirated Diesel Engine

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 5346
Author(s):  
John Jairo Ceballos ◽  
Andrés Melgar ◽  
Francisco V. Tinaut
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

The present study shows the effects of environmental conditions (atmospheric temperature, pressure and relative humidity) due to altitude changes on performance, fuel consumption and emissions in a naturally aspirated diesel engine. Due to changes in altitude, the atmospheric conditions are altered, mainly the air density, associated to hydrostatic pressure, temperature profile and humidity and relative nitrogen/oxygen ratio, thus modifying the engine intake conditions. The study considers changes in altitude from sea level to 2500 m above sea level, which are representative of the orographic conditions in Ecuador. As a main part of this research, a parametric study of variation of atmospheric temperature, pressure and relative humidity is carried out in AVL BOOST™, showing the effects on mean effective pressure, fuel consumption and specific pollutant emissions (CO2, NOx, CO and soot). The study considers effects at regional level (change from an altitude to another) and local level (changes in the atmospheric conditions due to local anticyclone or storm, temperature and humidity). The quantitative effects are expressed in the form of sensitivity coefficients, e.g., relative change in an engine output variable due to the change in atmospheric pressure, temperature or humidity. In addition, several global correlations have been obtained to provide analytical expressions to summarize all results obtained, showing the separate effect of pressure and temperature on each engine performance variable.

Effects of atmospheric temperature and pressure on the performance of a vehicle

2002 ◽  
Vol 216 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
S M C Soares ◽  
J R Sodre
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Intake Manifold ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Fixed Temperature ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

This paper describes the influence of the atmospheric conditions on the performance of a vehicle. Tests were carried out on the road, under different conditions of ambient temperature, pressure and humidity, measuring the acceleration time. The tested vehicle featured a gasoline-fuelled four-cylinder engine, with variable intake manifold length and multipoint fuel injection. The vehicle was tested at sea level and at an altitude of 827 m above sea level, with the ambient temperature ranging from 20 to 30°C. The times required for the vehicle to go from 80 to 120 km/h, from 40 to 100 km/h and to reach distances of 400 and 1000 m leaving from an initial speed of 40 km/h at full acceleration were recorded. The results showed the vehicle performance to be more affected by changes in the atmospheric pressure than in the temperature. An average difference of 3 per cent in the time to reach 1000 m, leaving from the speed of 40 km/h at full acceleration, was found between the atmospheric pressures tested, for a fixed temperature.

Numerical and Experimental Study on the Impact of Mild Cold EGR on Exhaust Emissions in a Biodiesel Fueled Diesel Engine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Oliveira ◽  
Junfeng Yang ◽  
Jose Sodre
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Nox Formation ◽  
Ratio Distribution ◽  
Engine Model ◽  
Gas Recirculation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This work evaluated the effect of cooled exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on fuel consumption and pollutant emissions from a diesel engine fueled with B8 (a blend of biodiesel and Diesel 8:92%% by volume), experimentally and numerically. Experiments were carried out on a Diesel power generator with varying loads from 5 kW to 35 kW and 10% of cold EGR ratio. Exhaust emissions (e.g. THC, NOX, CO etc.) were measured and evaluated. The results showed mild EGR and low biodiesel content have minor impact of engine specific fuel consumption, fuel conversion efficiency and in-cylinder pressure. Meanwhile, the combination of EGR and biodiesel reduced THC and NOX up to 52% and 59%, which shows promising effect on overcoming the PM-NOX trade-off from diesel engine. A 3D CFD engine model incorporated with detailed biodiesel combustion kinetics and NOx formation kinetics was validated against measured in-cylinder pressure, temperature and engine-out NO emission from diesel engine. This valid model was then employed to investigate the in-cylinder temperature and equivalence ratio distribution that predominate NOx formation. The results showed that the reduction of NOx emission by EGR and biodiesel is obtained by a little reduction of the local in-cylinder temperature and, mainly, by creating comparatively rich combusting mixture.

scholarly journals Environmental Strategies for Selecting Eco-Routing in a Small City

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Francisco Coloma ◽  
Marta García ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Andrés Monzón
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Small City ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Balanced Distribution ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
The City

This research aims to find the most ecological itineraries for urban mobility in a small city (eco-routes), where distances are rather short, but car dependence is really high. A real life citywide survey was carried out in the city of Caceres (Spain) with almost 100,000 inhabitants. Research was done on alternating routes, traffic, times of day, and weather conditions. The output of the study was to assess fuel consumption, CO2, and regulated pollutant emissions for different type of vehicles, routes, and drivers. The results show that in the case studied, urban roads had fewer emissions (CO2 and pollutants) but there was an increase in the population affected by pollutants. On the contrary, bypasses reduced travel time and congestion but increased fuel consumption and emissions. Traffic conditions had a greater influence on fuel consumption in petrol vehicles than diesel ones. Therefore, there must be a balanced distribution of traffic in order to minimize congestion, and at the same time to reduce emissions and the number of people affected by harmful pollution levels. There should be a combination of regulatory measures in traffic policies in order to achieve that balance by controlling access to city centres, limiting parking spaces, pedestrianization, and lowering traffic speeds in sensitive areas.

scholarly journals The impact of single engine taxiing on aircraft fuel consumption and pollutant emissions

2018 ◽  
Vol 122 (1258) ◽  
pp. 1967-1984 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. J. Stettler ◽  
G. S. Koudis ◽  
S. J. Hu ◽  
A. Majumdar ◽  
W. Y. Ochieng
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reduce Fuel Consumption ◽  
Flight Data ◽  
Set Operations ◽  
Aircraft Fuel ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTOptimisation of aircraft ground operations to reduce airport emissions can reduce resultant local air quality impacts. Single engine taxiing (SET), where only half of the installed number of engines are used for the majority of the taxi duration, offers the opportunity to reduce fuel consumption, and emissions of NOX, CO and HC. Using 3510 flight data records, this paper develops a model for SET operations and presents a case study of London Heathrow, where we show that SET is regularly implemented during taxi-in. The model predicts fuel consumption and pollutant emissions with greater accuracy than previous studies that used simplistic assumptions. Without SET during taxi-in, fuel consumption and pollutant emissions would increase by up to 50%. Reducing the time before SET is initiated to the 25th percentile of recorded values would reduce fuel consumption and pollutant emissions by 7–14%, respectively, relative to current operations. Future research should investigate the practicalities of reducing the time before SET initialisation so that additional benefits of reduced fuel loadings, which would decrease fuel consumption across the whole flight, can be achieved.

Dynamic Skip Fire Applied to a Diesel Engine for Improved Fuel Consumption and Emissions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Scassa ◽  
Shino George ◽  
Marco Nencioni ◽  
S Kevin Chen ◽  
Matthew Younkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption And Emissions

Modeling the Effect of Injector Nozzle-Hole Layout on Diesel Engine Fuel Consumption and Emissions

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Wook Park ◽  
Rolf D. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Large Hole ◽  
Hole Configuration ◽  
Nozzle Hole

Numerical simulations were used to study the effect of reduced nozzle hole size and nozzle tip hole configuration on the combustion characteristics of a high speed direct injection diesel engine. The KIVA code coupled with the Chemkin chemistry solver was used for the calculations. The calculations were performed over wide ranges of equivalence ratio, injection timing and injection pressure. Three nozzle hole layouts were considered; the baseline conventional nozzle, and multi- and group-hole configurations. In the multi-hole case, the number of holes was doubled and the hole size was reduced, while keeping the same hole area as for the baseline nozzle. The group-hole configuration used the same hole number and hole size as the multi-hole case, but pairs of holes were grouped with a close (0.2mm) spacing between the holes. The results of the mixture distributions showed that the group hole configuration provides similar penetration and lower inhomogeneity to those of the baseline large hole nozzle with the same nozzle flow area. Consequently, the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, such as CO and soot, are improved by using the group-hole nozzle instead of the conventional hole nozzle over wide operating ranges. On the other hand, the multi-hole nozzle has advantages in its fuel consumption and CO emissions over the conventional hole layout at intermediate equivalence ratios (equivalence ratios from 0.46–0.84) and conventional injection timings (SOI: 15° BTDC).

Modeling the Effect of Injector Nozzle-Hole Layout on Diesel Engine Fuel Consumption and Emissions

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Wook Park ◽  
Rolf D. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Hole Size ◽  
Large Hole ◽  
Hole Configuration ◽  
Nozzle Hole

Numerical simulations were used to study the effect of reduced nozzle-hole size and nozzle tip hole configuration on the combustion characteristics of a high speed direct injection diesel engine. The KIVA code coupled with the CHEMKIN chemistry solver was used for the calculations. The calculations were performed over wide ranges of equivalence ratio and injection timing. Three nozzle-hole layouts were considered: the base line conventional nozzle, and multi- and group-hole configurations. In the multihole case, the number of holes was doubled and the hole size was reduced, while keeping the same hole area as for the base line nozzle. The group-hole configuration used the same hole number and hole size as the multihole case, but pairs of holes were grouped with a close (0.2mm) spacing between the holes. The results of the mixture distributions showed that the group-hole configuration provides similar penetration and lower inhomogeneity to those of the base line large hole nozzle with the same nozzle flow area. Consequently, the fuel consumption and pollutant emissions, such as CO and soot, are improved by using the group-hole nozzle instead of the conventional hole nozzle over wide operating ranges. On the other hand, the multihole nozzle has advantages in its fuel consumption and CO emissions over the conventional hole layout at intermediate equivalence ratios (equivalence ratios from 0.56 to 0.84) and conventional injection timings (start of injection: 15deg before top dead center).

scholarly journals Effects of bioethanol ultrasonic generated aerosols application on diesel engine performances

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1931-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florin Mariasiu ◽  
Nicolae Burnete ◽  
Dan Moldovanu ◽  
Bogdan Varga ◽  
Calin Iclodean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Ultrasound Device ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Performance And Emissions ◽  
Bioethanol Fuel

In this paper the effects of an experimental bioethanol fumigation application using an experimental ultrasound device on performance and emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine have been experimentally investigated. Engine performance and pollutant emissions variations were considered for three different types of fuels (biodiesel, biodiesel-bioethanol blend and biodiesel and fumigated bioethanol). Reductions in brake specific fuel consumption and NOx pollutant emissions are correlated with the use of ultrasonic fumigation of bioethanol fuel, comparative to use of biodiesel-bioethanol blend. Considering the fuel consumption as diesel engine?s main performance parameter, the proposed bioethanol?s fumigation method, offers the possibility to use more efficient renewable biofuels (bioethanol), with immediate effects on environmental protection.

Variable smoothing of optimal diesel engine calibration for improved performance and drivability during transient operation

2020 ◽  
pp. 146808742091880
Author(s):  
Varun Pandey ◽  
Stijn van Dooren ◽  
Johannes Ritzmann ◽  
Benjamín Pla ◽  
Christopher Onder
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Tuning Parameter ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide Emissions ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Optimal Calibration

The model-based method to define the optimal calibration maps for important diesel engine parameters may involve three major steps. First, the engine speed and load domain – in which the engine is operated – are identified. Then, a global engine model is created, which can be used for offline simulations to estimate engine performance. Finally, optimal calibration maps are obtained by formulating and solving an optimisation problem, with the goal of minimising fuel consumption while meeting constraints on pollutant emissions. This last step in the calibration process usually involves smoothing of the maps in order to improve drivability. This article presents a method to trade off map smoothness, brake-specific fuel consumption and nitrogen oxide emissions. After calculating the optimal but potentially non-smooth calibration maps, a variation-based smoothing method is employed to obtain different levels of smoothness by adapting a single tuning parameter. The method was experimentally validated on a heavy-duty diesel engine, and the non-road transient cycle was used as a case study. The error between the reference and actual engine torque was used as a metric for drivability, and the error was found to decrease with increasing map smoothness. After having obtained this trade-off for various fixed levels of smoothness, a time-varying smoothness calibration was generated and tested. Experimental results showed that, with a time-varying smoothness strategy, nitrogen oxide emissions could be reduced by 4%, while achieving the same drivability and fuel consumption as in the case of a fixed smoothing strategy.

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