scholarly journals Home Bio-Waste Composting for the Circular Economy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6164
Author(s):  
Piotr Sulewski ◽  
Karolina Kais ◽  
Marlena Gołaś ◽  
Grzegorz Rawa ◽  
Klaudia Urbańska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Willingness To Accept ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Incentive Program ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Economic Development Model ◽  
Home Composting

The consequence of the current economic development model is the generation of large amounts of waste and energy losses. One way to change this negative trend is a more rational use of raw materials reducing the amount of generated wastes. Biowaste, which may be divided into garden and kitchen waste, constitutes the main part of municipal waste. At the household level, it can be managed through composting—the most sustainable way of biowaste management. In this context, this paper aims to assess the economic and environmental effects of implementing the home composting incentive program introduced by one of the municipalities near Warsaw (Poland). The study is based on the estimation of the amount of biowaste generated in the commune, as well as on the number of households with the potential to compost biowastes. The effects of implementing the composting program were evaluated at different participation levels. The cartographic-based methods (GIS) were used in the analyses. Additionally, willingness to accept home composting by residents and its main determinants were examined. The results of the study indicate that the changes in the current household biodegradable waste management model are practicable and generate positive economic and environmental effects. However, the promotion of home composting requires active support from the local authorities, both in the financial dimension and by increasing residents’ environmental awareness.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Food Waste Management and Its Environmental Consequences

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1790
Author(s):  
Jan den Boer ◽  
Gudrun Obersteiner ◽  
Sebastian Gollnow ◽  
Emilia den Boer ◽  
Renata Bodnárné Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Biological Pretreatment ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Considerable Saving ◽  
Positive Effects

This paper assesses the potential environmental effects of the optimization of the kitchen waste management in Opole. The separate collection of kitchen waste is improved by distribution of separate collection kits consisting of an in-home bin and 10 L biodegradable bags. The surplus of collected kitchen waste is diverted from treatment in a mechanical-biological pretreatment (MBP) along with the residual waste to anaerobic digestion (AD) with the biowaste. This has positive effects on European and Polish goals, ambitions, and targets, such as (i) increasing the level of renewables in the primary energy supply, (ii) decreasing the level of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, (iii) increasing the level of preparation for reuse and recycling of municipal waste. The environmental effects of 1 ton additionally separately collected and treated kitchen waste are determined by using life cycle assessment. It was shown that in all selected impact categories (global warming potential, marine eutrophication potential, acidification potential, and ozone depletion potential) a clear environmental benefit can be achieved. These benefits are mainly caused by the avoided emissions of electricity and heat from the Polish production mix, which are substituted by energy generation from biogas combustion. Optimization of the waste management system by diversion of kitchen waste from mechanical-biological pretreatment to anaerobic digestion can lead to considerable saving of 448 kg CO2-eq/t of waste diverted. With an estimated optimization potential for the demonstration site of 40 kg/inh·year for the city of Opole, this would lead to 680,000 t CO2-eq savings per year for the whole of Poland. The sensitivity analysis showed that with a choice for cleaner energy sources the results would, albeit lower, show a significant savings potential.

scholarly journals Measuring the sustainability of wood consumption at the household level in Indonesia: Case study in Bogor, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lutfy Abdulah ◽  
Endang Suhendang ◽  
Herry Purnomo ◽  
Juang Rata Matangaran
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
End User ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
Wood Consumption

Abstract. Abdulah L, Suhendang E, Purnomo H, Mattangaran JR. 2020. Measuring the sustainability of wood consumption at the household level in Indonesia: Case study in Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 457-464. Data on consumption of wood products at the end-user level does not yet exist. This is caused by variations in the shape of wood products and raw materials used. Meanwhile, information on the level of consumption per capita is needed to measure sustainability consumption at the household level, determine the volume of wood production and carbon storage in wood products in the household. The novelty of this study is in method for measure wood product consumption. The aim of this study was to estimate the level of wood consumption at the household level in the form of use for construction and furniture. The method used was a survey of wood products at the industrial level and to make a database and then confirmed to households to determine the level of consumption. The results showed that wood products in the household are divided into 2 main parts namely construction and furniture. The level of wood consumption varied greatly depending on the type of roof, the number of doors and windows and the amount of furniture used. The level of consumption in Bogor reached 0.1 m3 per capita. This consumption was influenced by the time of use and the size of family.

scholarly journals KONDISI EKONOMI MASYARAKAT AKIBAT PERUBAHAN USAHA INDUSTRI PERKAYUAN MENJADI PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis jacq) DESA SUNGAI ASAM KABUPATEN KUBU RAYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zainudin Zainudin ◽  
Emi Roslinda ◽  
Iswan Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Economic Condition ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Plywood Industry ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Change Impact

The national plywood industry is declining, 6ut of the 100 existing wilt plywood companies, only 40% are still active. Many plywood companies have closed due to difficulties in obtaining raw materials and increased production costs due to the global crisis..The purpose of this study is to examine the economic condition of the community due to changes in land use into oil palm plantations. This research is located in Sungai Asam Village, Kubu Raya Regency. Purposive sampling is taken. Data analysis uses household level income analysis. The analysis uses survey techniques and direct interviews to respondents. The results of the expansion of oil palm plantations have given a change to the Sungai Asam community, which has had an impact on the economy of the communities surrounding the plantations. The expansion of oil palm plantations in Sungai Asam Village, Sungai Raya district, Kubu Raya Regency, has given a change to the community, where this change has an impact on the economic conditions of the communities around the plantation. The reduction in land area that occurred before the expansion was 15.437 Ha after the expansion to 6.435 Ha, the reduction of the land occurred, whereas on the contrary the community owned before and after the expansion was reduced but not significant. Income changes occurred before the expansion of income, which was originally Rp 1,286,011,992 / year, after the expansion to Rp 1,244,443,992 / year.Keyword : Change, Impact, Income

ABOUT PROJECTS, PROJECT ACTIVITIES AND THEIR ROLE IN THE ECONOMY OF ENTERPRISES

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-61
Author(s):  
Valerii M. Tumin ◽  
◽  
Petr A. Kostromin ◽  
Valerii V. Tumin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Market Mechanisms ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Project Activity ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Economic Development Model

The article concerns with the role of projects and project activities in the economy of the country and its enterprises. The article considers the evolutionary changes that have occurred in recent years in understanding the content of the words “project” and “project activity” in the scientific literature, in regulatory documents and at the household level. On that basis, those concepts’ content is clarified. The authors show that currently in Russia and in the world there is a tendency to increase a number of projects performed and to increase their role in the society’s life. Against that trend’s background, the new society’s economic development model is being formed – the “project economy”, implemented in practice not through the usual market mechanisms, but through a multiple system of projects. It means that a significant part of the future economy, including the enterprises’ economy, may consist of a huge number of projects permeating it at the macro-, meso- and micro-levels that are hierarchically interconnected in space, time and among themselves. The article formulates eight basic conditions that are relevant for most projects and that include specific actions which, if completed by the time the projects are launched, can create the necessary prerequisites for the successful goals’ achievement approved in each project. It also highlights an importance of taking into account in all decisions on the projects’ development and implementation, the features of the technological processes and equipment adopted in them for use. The latter are considered by the authors as the foundation on which all other possible options for actions can then be purposefully built, ensuring both the project’s preparation for launch and its successful and effective implementation. The authors believe that the project economy is an integral part of our common economy, which is why it will not displace the market economy from the life of society, but will co-exist more or less amicably with it. Just as the market economy co-exists today with planned economy’s elements in the any enterprise’s activities.

Study on Kitchen Waste Characteristics of Different Catering Types in Shanghai

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 427-432
Author(s):  
Ying An ◽  
Wen Qing Wu ◽  
Wen Zhi He ◽  
Jing Cheng Xu ◽  
Jing Jing Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Waste Characteristics ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Representative Samples ◽  
Composition Characteristics

The increasing amount of kitchen waste (KW) has raised great concerns for the environmental risk and health issues. It is necessary that some technologies are utilized for managing and treating KW. For proper technology and operation of treating KW, the general composition characteristics of KW were investigated in accordance with different catering types. KW from different catering types (Restaurant, Noshery, Snack bar and Canteen) in Shanghai was sampled for each season in a year. All sampling was carried out 3 days repeatedly and performed after pre-treatment in order to obtain more homogeneous and representative samples. The moisture and VS/TS ratio of KW for different catering types is more than 70% and 89%, respectively. High VS/TS value indicates that KW is suitable for composting and biodegradation. The pH value of KW is lower than 7 for each catering type and drink shop gets the lowest pH (3.47). The total amount of fat, protein and carbonhydrate is over 90% for all the samples and high content of fat and protein indicates that KW can be used as the raw materials for feed process.

scholarly journals Contribution of traditional fermented foods to food systems transformation: value addition and inclusive entrepreneurship

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina C Materia ◽  
Anita R Linnemann ◽  
Eddy J Smid ◽  
Sijmen E Schoustra
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Fermented Food ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Systems Transformation ◽  
Traditional Fermented Foods

AbstractTo date, many efforts to eradicate hunger include increasing agricultural production, processing of raw materials and supplementation, and fortification of foods. Locally produced foods represent a significant part of Food Systems as they contribute to tackling hunger and malnutrition. However, few studies have investigated the processing of traditional fermented foods at household level as a means to improve nutrition and triggering inclusive entrepreneurship, two crucial dimensions Food Systems build on. Fermentation is an ancient processing technique that relies on transformation of raw materials by microbial activity and is mainly undertaken by women. This paper posits that upscaling small scale fermented food processing activities while enhancing functional food properties and fostering women entrepreneurship contributes to prevention of food losses, promotion of nutrition and health, and entrepreneurial opportunities for current processors. This is key for effective policy interventions to foster food security in challenging contexts.⨪.

scholarly journals The Impact of People in Cooperation on Cooperative Management of the Private Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Manaf Raewf ◽  
Yazen Mahmood ◽  
Ali Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Cooperative Management ◽  
Integral Development ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

Cooperation among employees is one of the main determinants of a successful business because people are the main protagonists of cooperative management. Therefore, organizations have to give more attention to establish a cooperative management. This study examines the impact of people in cooperation on cooperative management. The research also included recommendations for organization managers, as well as a theoretical basis of cooperative management and people in cooperation, based on a management model developed by Mondragon Cooperation. The SMART PLS3 was used to analyze data collected through the distribution of questioners to employees and academic staff at two private universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Researchers believe that the presence of integral development and cooperative leadership helps in the implementation of cooperative management by the staff. However, organizations are recommended to strengthening the power of staff and allowing them to practice the role of managing, as well as, being authorized at a certain level in order to increase cooperative conduct between employees and management in terms of organizational management concerns.

scholarly journals Seasonal Inventory Management Model for Raw Materials in Steel Industry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Kawakami ◽  
Hirokazu Kobayashi ◽  
Kazuhide Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Limited Capacity ◽  
Supply Disruptions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Nippon Steel Corporation ◽  
Two Stages

We developed a seasonal inventory management model for raw materials, such as iron ore and coal, for multiple suppliers and multiple mills. The Nippon Steel Corporation imports more than 100 million tons of raw material annually by vessels from Australia, Brazil, Canada, and other countries. Once these raw materials arrive in Japan, they are transported to domestic mills and stored in yards before being treated in a blast furnace. A critical problem currently facing the industry is the limited capacity of the yards, which leads to high demurrage costs while ships wait for space to open up in the yards before they can unload. To reduce the demurrage costs, the inventory levels of the raw materials must be kept as low as possible. However, inventory levels that are too low may lead to inventory shortage resulting from seasonal supply disruptions (e.g., a cyclone in Australia) that delay the supply of raw materials. Because both excess and depleted inventory levels lead to increased costs, optimal inventory levels must be determined. To solve this problem, we developed an inventory management model that considers variations on the supply side, differences that should be observable upon looking at the ship operations. The concept is to model the probability distribution of ship arrival intervals by brand groups and mills. We divided ship operations into two stages: arrival at all mills (in Japan) and arrival at individual mills. We modeled the former as a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and the latter as a nonhomogeneous Gamma process. Our proposed model enables inventory levels to be reduced by 14% in summer and 6% in winter.

scholarly journals Valorisation of food waste as new raw materials in broiler feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 240 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Latifa Mechkirrou ◽  
Mohammed Ouhssine ◽  
Mohamed El Amine Afilal
Keyword(s):  
Food Waste ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Poultry Feed ◽  
Kitchen Waste ◽  
Consumption Index ◽  
Feed Source ◽  
Broiler Feed

In Morocco, the food waste fraction constitutes a large part of the total municipal solid waste generated. In order to promote this fraction as a feed source for poultry, a study was carried out to evaluate its digestive and metabolic effects, as well as its nutritional value on broilers. Indeed, comparative tests were carried out on two separate batches of small broilers fed, successively, with a commercial compound feed (CCF), and a feed prepared in the laboratory using kitchen waste as a substitute (LPF). The results obtained throughout the rearing period revealed the feasibility of the valorization of food waste as a substitute promoted in the poultry feed sector. In addition, the prefabricated feeds gave the same feed consumption index (1.03), compared to the commercial compound feed applied in the same rearing farm, while the weight gain index results were more advantageous for FPL. The study demonstrates the valorisation of feed waste as a new substitute for poultry feed.

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