scholarly journals The Impact of People in Cooperation on Cooperative Management of the Private Sector

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Manaf Raewf ◽  
Yazen Mahmood ◽  
Ali Jaafar
Keyword(s):  
Academic Staff ◽  
Organizational Management ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Cooperative Management ◽  
Integral Development ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

Cooperation among employees is one of the main determinants of a successful business because people are the main protagonists of cooperative management. Therefore, organizations have to give more attention to establish a cooperative management. This study examines the impact of people in cooperation on cooperative management. The research also included recommendations for organization managers, as well as a theoretical basis of cooperative management and people in cooperation, based on a management model developed by Mondragon Cooperation. The SMART PLS3 was used to analyze data collected through the distribution of questioners to employees and academic staff at two private universities in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Researchers believe that the presence of integral development and cooperative leadership helps in the implementation of cooperative management by the staff. However, organizations are recommended to strengthening the power of staff and allowing them to practice the role of managing, as well as, being authorized at a certain level in order to increase cooperative conduct between employees and management in terms of organizational management concerns.

scholarly journals The role of infant nutrition in the global epidemic of non-communicable disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Infant Nutrition ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Bottle Feeding ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
World Region ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact

Non-communicable diseases (NCD) and atherosclerotic CVD in particular, are the most important health problems of the 21st century. Already in every world region except Africa, NCD account for greater mortality than communicable, maternal, perinatal and nutritional conditions combined. Although modifiable lifestyle factors in adults are the main determinants, substantial evidence now suggests that factors in early life also have a major role in the development of NCD; commonly referred to as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis. Factors in utero, early postnatal life and throughout childhood, have been shown to affect NCD by influencing risk factors for CVD such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Infant nutrition (e.g. breastfeeding rather than bottle feeding) and a slower pattern of infant weight gain have been shown to be particularly protective against later risk of obesity and CVD in both low- and high-income countries. The mechanisms involved are poorly understood, but include epigenetic changes; effects on endocrine systems regulating body weight, food intake and fat deposition; and changes in appetite regulation. As a consequence, strategies to optimise early life nutrition could make a major contribution to stemming the current global epidemic of NCD. This review will consider the role of early life factors in the development of NCD, focusing on the impact of infant nutrition/growth on obesity and CVD. The review will highlight the experimental (randomised) evidence where available, briefly summarise the underlying mechanisms involved and consider the implications for public health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Job Enrichment on Employees’ Performance: A Survey Study on Jordan Customs Employees in Aqaba

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saud Saleh Abu Tayeh
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Administrative Employees ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Job Enrichment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

The research aimed to identify the role of job enrichment with dimensions (diversity of skills, autonomy, and feedback), on job performance of the administrative employees at Aqaba Jordan customs. The study population consisted of all 213 administrative employees. The researcher applied the descriptive- analytical approach, where questionnaire forms were distributed to a random sample of 138 employees, while131 forms were responded by a response rate of 94.9%. SPSS was applied to analyze data. The study concluded that there was a positive significant relationship between the dimensions of job enrichment and job performance of employees at Aqaba Jordan Customs, which confirms the need to pay more attention to this administrative approach in order to improve the level of job performance of employees in organizations in general.

scholarly journals Maternal Microbiota Transfer Programs Offspring Eating Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Lise Pocheron ◽  
Gwenola Le Dréan ◽  
Helene Billard ◽  
Thomas Moyon ◽  
Anthony Pagniez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Family Culture ◽  
Gut Colonization ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact

Understanding the link between mother’s obesity and regulation of the child’s appetite is a prerequisite for the design of successful preventive strategies. Beyond the possible contributions of genetic heritage, family culture, and hormonal and metabolic environment during pregnancy, we investigate in the present paper the causal role of the transmission of the maternal microbiotas in obesity as microbiotas differ between lean and obese mothers, maternal microbiotas are the main determinants of a baby’s gut colonization, and the intestinal microbiota resulting from the early colonization could impact the feeding behavior of the offspring with short- and long-term consequences on body weight. We thus investigated the potential role of vertical transfers of maternal microbiotas in programming the eating behavior of the offspring. Selectively bred obese-prone (OP)/obese-resistant (OR) Sprague-Dawley dams were used since differences in the cecal microbiota have been evidenced from males of that strain. Microbiota collected from vagina (at the end of gestation), feces, and milk (at postnatal days 1, 5, 10, and 15) of OP/OR dams were orally inoculated to conventional Fischer F344 recipient pups from birth to 15 days of age to create three groups of pups: F-OP, F-OR, and F-Sham group (that received the vehicle). We first checked microbiotal differences between inoculas. We then assessed the impact of transfer (from birth to adulthood) onto the intestinal microbiota of recipients rats, their growth, and their eating behavior by measuring their caloric intake, their anticipatory food reward responses, their preference for sweet and fat tastes in solutions, and the sensations that extend after food ingestion. Finally, we searched for correlation between microbiota composition and food intake parameters. We found that maternal transfer of microbiota differing in composition led to alterations in pups’ gut microbiota composition that did not last until adulthood but were associated with specific eating behavior characteristics that were predisposing F-OP rats to higher risk of over consuming at subsequent periods of their life. These findings support the view that neonatal gut microbiotal transfer can program eating behavior, even without a significant long-lasting impact on adulthood microbiota composition.

How ethical leadership stimulates academics’ retention in universities

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1348-1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Ahmad ◽  
Syed Muhammad Fazal-E-Hasan ◽  
Ahmad Kaleem
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Leadership ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Intentions To Leave ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership and academics’ retention in universities. It draws on the conservation of resources theory to deepen the understanding of a process underlying this relationship whereby academics are more likely to stay in universities through the practice of ethical leadership. Specifically, it advances academics’ job-related affective well-being as a potential mediating mechanism, fostered by ethical leadership, which lowers their intention to leave. Design/methodology/approach This study is conducted through a cross-sectional survey of 303 academics in Australian universities. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis procedures are deployed to analyse academics’ data. The research hypotheses are tested through a bootstrapped regression analysis of academics’ perceived ethical leadership, affective well-being and intention to leave. Findings The findings lend support to the hypothesised relations, indicating a significant role of ethical leadership on enhanced intentions of academics to stay in universities by directly conserving their job-related affective well-being. Research limitations/implications This paper contributes to knowledge of the relationship between ethical leadership and academics’ retention by identifying job-related affective well-being as an underlying mechanism in the university sector. Practical implications This paper has practical implications for higher educational institutes seeking to retain their academic staff. Its findings show that the practice of ethical leadership in universities matters, because it lowers academics’ intentions to leave by nurturing their well-being at work. Originality/value This is the first study to examine the impact of ethical leadership on academics’ well-being and intentions to leave in the context of universities in Australia. It is one of the first studies to explore the mediating role of affective well-being in the ethical leadership and leadership and intention to leave relationship.

scholarly journals Synergistic Integrated Business Model-Sustainability-Technology of Top Malaysian Oil and Gas PLCs: The Moderating Role of United Nations SDG 5

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Dayana Mastura Baharudin ◽  
Maran Marimuthu
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Code Of Corporate Governance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

Purpose – This study investigates the impact of the three main determinants of strengthening the sustainability practices of the oil and gas public listed companies of Bursa Malaysia (PLCs) through the Business Model, Sustainability and Technology synergistically compared between pre and post Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance 2017 (MCCG 2017).Design/methodology/approach – The study has followed the purposive sampling method followed by descriptive statistics, regression analysis and content analysis derived from the Malaysian Code of Corporate Governance 2012 (MCCG 2012) and the MCCG 2017 together with previous studies of the analysis of the annual reports and integrated reports in order to explore the reporting of the business model, sustainability and technology as a synergy.

Determinants of innovation outputs in developing countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Ghazal ◽  
Muhamed Zulkhibri
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovation Activities ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of innovation outputs proxied by number of patent applications, trademarks and industrial designs in developing countries. Design/methodology/approach – The paper employs a panel data and Negative Binomial method to analyse the main determinants affecting the innovation outputs. Findings – The results implicitly suggest that providing a fertile ground to attract more foreign direct investment (FDI) can lead to much better innovation outputs. The study also strongly supports the role of institutions and governance for increasing innovation activities in developing economies as indicated by positive impacts of governance factors in the model. However, the impact of economic freedom indicators on improving innovation outputs is mixed. Originality/value – This paper contributes to the existing literature in two ways: it examines the effect of FDI and research and development on innovation of selected developing countries; and the study uses a panel data approach to increase the accuracy of the results through exploiting the significant variations of innovation outputs across countries, while controlling for a larger number of innovation outputs and product determinants. To the authors knowledge, this is the first empirical study on the behaviour of innovation outputs for developing countries.

scholarly journals Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Ownership Model (Public vs. Private) on the Efficiency of Urban Rail Firms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13346
Author(s):  
Álvaro Costa ◽  
Carlos Oliveira Cruz ◽  
Joaquim Miranda Sarmento ◽  
Vitor Faria Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Management Model ◽  
Economic Cycle ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Public Firms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Rail ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Private Management ◽  
The Impact

The discussion over public vs. private management in the operation of public transport has been on the research agenda for the past decade. Several studies have analyzed the benefits of private management; however, no study has analyzed the effects of the management model while controlling for other external factors such as economic crises and political factors. This study intends to focus on the impact of the ownership model (public vs. private) of urban rail firms on their efficiency, while expanding the existing literature by controlling for economic and political factors. The methodology consisted of the calculation of DEA scores and subsequent use of regression analysis to identify the main determinants. We used a data set of four Portuguese rail firms during the period 2009–2018 along with five distinct efficiency scores. The results show that privately managed firms tend to be more efficient, but with distinct behavior depending on the economic cycle. In periods of growing GDP, private firms lose their potential superiority over public firms. The results also show that election years and unemployment rate also play a role in understanding the efficiency scores of these firms.

scholarly journals Strategija repozicioniranja: posljedica neuspjeha ili nastavak priče o uspjehu

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Ivona Mikulandra Volić ◽  
Ina Relja ◽  
Mate Brković
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Change ◽  
Core Business ◽  
The Core ◽  
Successful Business ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
A Company ◽  
Insight Into

The issue of disinvesting and the exiting of a company from a business regardless of their performance is of a critical importance for its further activities. The attention of researchers is more focused on the buyer’s side of the story than the seller since the acquisition implies a growth that is equated with success, and sales are usually perceived as a failure without noticing the potential positive consequences for the seller. Exiting the core business by implementing a repositioning strategy can bring a significant strategic change for the enterprise, as well as being a continuation for the enterprise as well as for the entrepreneur of the previous successful business. By presenting a case study this paper analyses the possible causes and questions the justification for the implementation of the repositioning strategy in three selected Croatian companies (Adris Group d.d., Lura Group d.o.o. and Jolly Jbs d.o.o.) that through the process of mergers and acquisitions appear in the role of sellers, and by doing that they exited their core business that helped them gain a high level of customer recognition and business reputation among competitors and associates. The analysis provides insight into a seldom-analyzed application of the repositioning strategy of Croatian companies and it contributes to a better understanding of disinvestment and the impact of the repositioning strategy on the company's performance.

The effect of technostress on the teachers’ willingness to use online teaching modes and the moderating role of job insecurity during COVID-19 pandemic in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iqra Mushtaque ◽  
Hamid Waqas ◽  
Muhammad Awais-E-Yazdan
Keyword(s):  
Online Teaching ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of technostress on the teachers’ willingness to use online Teaching Modes, with the moderating role of job insecurity in Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachHolistically, this study collected 242 samples using the convenient sampling technique for data collection. The response rate was 69.1%. The respondents of the study are academic staff working in private colleges and universities. The data are essentially collected by using the scales of technostress, job insecurity and willingness to utilize online teaching modes.FindingsThe results reveal a significant and negative relationship between technostress and the teachers’ willingness to use online modalities. Interestingly, job insecurity moderates the relationship between technostress and the teachers’ willingness to use online modalities.Research limitations/implicationsOnly academic staff of colleges and universities is considered in this study. In later studies, researchers may consider the school teachers as their potential respondents.Originality/valueThe results of the study provide important insight for the higher management of the academic institutes to motivate their employees to use online resources by using effective leadership and management skills during unforeseen events in the future.

Intergroup Threat and Outgroup Attitudes

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Brambilla ◽  
David A. Butz
Keyword(s):  
Gay Men ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Welfare Recipients ◽  
Intergroup Attitudes ◽  
Social Policies ◽  
Intergroup Threat ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
General Climate

Two studies examined the impact of macrolevel symbolic threat on intergroup attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 71), participants exposed to a macrosymbolic threat (vs. nonsymbolic threat and neutral topic) reported less support toward social policies concerning gay men, an outgroup whose stereotypes implies a threat to values, but not toward welfare recipients, a social group whose stereotypes do not imply a threat to values. Study 2 (N = 78) showed that, whereas macrolevel symbolic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward gay men, macroeconomic threat led to less favorable attitudes toward Asians, an outgroup whose stereotypes imply an economic threat. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding the role of a general climate of threat in shaping intergroup attitudes.

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