scholarly journals Waste Heat Recovery by Air-to-Water Heat Pump from Exhausted Ventilating Air for Heating of Multi-Family Residential Buildings

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7985
Author(s):  
Piotr Kowalski ◽  
Paweł Szałański ◽  
Wojciech Cepiński
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Pump Operation ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Temperature Limitation ◽  
The Impact

The paper presents an analysis of the application of an air-to-water electric compressor heat pump (AWHP) for the recovery of waste heat from the exhaust air in a typical multifamily residential building and the use of this heat for space heating, as well as the impact of this solution on the building energy performance (the PPR index). Simulations were performed in TRNSYS for five locations in Poland (Koszalin, Wrocław, Lublin, Białystok, Suwałki), for various heating system parameters (80/60 °C, 75/65 °C, 70/50 °C, 55/45 °C, 35/28 °C), for various temperature limitations of heat pump operation. It was shown that the analyzed system has great potential from an energy and environmental point of view. It can provide significant benefits in terms of the energy performance of the building, depending on the system parameters. The results show that the most energy-efficient system is the one with the lowest heating system temperatures. Moreover, implementing a temperature limitation on the heat pump operation improves its efficiency, but the higher the design parameters of the heating installation and the lower the limitation, the lower the heat pump contribution, and the higher the SCOP and the PPR. The energy effect is also influenced by location, but its scale depends on the parameters of the heating system and the temperature limitation of the heat pump’s operation. It is more significant for lower heating system parameters. This system enables the possibility of further reducing the demand for nonrenewable primary energy by powering the heat pump with photovoltaic cells.

scholarly journals Optimal Operation of Low-Capacity Heat Pump Systems for Residential Buildings through Thermal Energy Storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7200
Author(s):  
Alessandro Franco ◽  
Carlo Bartoli ◽  
Paolo Conti ◽  
Daniele Testi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
High Water ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Heat Emission ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Pump Operation ◽  
In Series

The paper provides results from a hardware-in-the-loop experimental campaign on the operation of an air-source heat pump (HP) for heating a reference dwelling in Pisa, Italy. The system performances suffer from typical oversizing of heat emission devices and high water-supply temperature, resulting in HP inefficiencies, frequent on-off cycles, and relevant thermal losses on the hydronic loop. An experimentally validated HP model under different supply temperatures and part-load conditions is used to simulate the installation of a thermal storage between heat generator and emitters, in both series and parallel arrangements. Results relative to a typical residential apartment show that the presence of the thermal storage in series configuration ensures smoother heat pump operation and energy performance improvement. The number of daily on-off cycles can be reduced from 40 to 10, also saving one-third of electric energy with the same building loads. Preliminary guidelines are proposed for correctly sizing the tank in relation to the HP capacity and the average daily heating load of the building. A storage volume of about 70 L for each kilowatt of nominal heating capacity is suggested.

scholarly journals The influence of thermal load profile of building on the air/water heat pump efficiency simulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00089
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Szulgowska-Zgrzywa ◽  
Krzysztof Piechurski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Thermal Load ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Load Profile ◽  
Pump Operation ◽  
Partial Load ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
The Impact

In this paper the authors analysed the impact of the calculation method of the partial load conditions and the accuracy of the energy demand profile on the simulation results of the air/water heat pump operation supplying the heating system. All the analyses results were compared to the results acquired for the real installation of the air/water heat pump located in Poland. The authors assessed the inaccuracy of the unit’s efficiency estimation resulting from the simplified thermal load profile of the air/water heat pump. It has been showed that using the monthly energy demand as the input data gives satisfactory results. Inaccuracy of the monthly simulation results in relation to simulations carried out on the actual hourly energy demand by no more than 7% is acceptable. On average, this deterioration did not exceed 3%.

The Impact of High-Rise Residential Building Design Parameters on the Thermal and Energy Performance: A Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Lobna Elgheriani ◽  
Brian Cody
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays, high-rise buildings are developing very fast to cater to the increase in demand in major urban cities. This phenomenon has contributed to several environmental problems in both construction and operation. High-rise buildings design parameters seem to lack contextual environmental consideration. Evaluating the impact of such design parameters is a practical approach to enhance the overall energy and thermal performance. Existing research gaps are distinguished based on this review. Future research directions are also proposed through a methodological scheme to investigate comparatively, the effects of different geometric factors on both thermal and energy performance, specifically in the high-rise residential buildings with consideration to different climatic regions. Keywords: Energy Performance; Thermal Performance; High-rise Buildings; High-rise Residential BuildingseISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i11.1717

scholarly journals Evaluation of Urban-Scale Building Energy-Use Models and Tools—Application for the City of Fribourg, Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Valeria Todeschi ◽  
Roberto Boghetti ◽  
Jérôme H. Kämpf ◽  
Guglielmina Mutani
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Engineering Model ◽  
Building Energy Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Building energy-use models and tools can simulate and represent the distribution of energy consumption of buildings located in an urban area. The aim of these models is to simulate the energy performance of buildings at multiple temporal and spatial scales, taking into account both the building shape and the surrounding urban context. This paper investigates existing models by simulating the hourly space heating consumption of residential buildings in an urban environment. Existing bottom-up urban-energy models were applied to the city of Fribourg in order to evaluate the accuracy and flexibility of energy simulations. Two common energy-use models—a machine learning model and a GIS-based engineering model—were compared and evaluated against anonymized monitoring data. The study shows that the simulations were quite precise with an annual mean absolute percentage error of 12.8 and 19.3% for the machine learning and the GIS-based engineering model, respectively, on residential buildings built in different periods of construction. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis using the Morris method was carried out on the GIS-based engineering model in order to assess the impact of input variables on space heating consumption and to identify possible optimization opportunities of the existing model.

Experience With a Solar Heating ATES System for a University Building

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 88-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hahne ◽  
M. Hornberger
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Solar Heating ◽  
Coefficient Of Performance ◽  
Solar Collectors ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Heat Demand ◽  
Heat Store

At Stuttgart University, a solar heating system for an office building with laboratories and lecture rooms was installed in 1985. It consists of 211 m2 of unglazed solar collectors, a 1050 m3 water-flooded pebble bed heat store, and a heat pump. Heat can be supplied to the store from the solar collectors or from a power station (as waste heat). The whole system has worked successfully for five years under varied strategies. In the first two heating periods, the heating strategy was aimed to collect as much solar energy as possible. Thus, about 60 percent of the heat demand could be covered by solar energy; but the yearly heat pump coefficient of performance (COP) was only around 2.76. With an improved heat pump, a monthly COP of 3.6 was obtained. Heat losses from the storage amounted to about 20 percent.

scholarly journals How Climate Trends Impact on the Thermal Performance of a Typical Residential Building in Madrid

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Soutullo ◽  
E. Giancola ◽  
M. J. Jiménez ◽  
J. A. Ferrer ◽  
M. N. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Climate Trends ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Minimum Energy Consumption ◽  
The Impact

Based on the European energy directives, the building sector has to provide comfortable levels for occupants with minimum energy consumption as well as to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper aims to compare the impact of climate change on the energy performance of residential buildings in order to derive potential design strategies. Different climate file inputs of Madrid have been used to quantify comparatively the thermal needs of two reference residential buildings located in this city. One of them represents buildings older than 40 years built according to the applicable Spanish regulations prior to 1979. The other refers to buildings erected in the last decade under more energy-restrictive constructive regulations. Three different climate databases of Madrid have been used to assess the impact of the evolution of the climate in recent years on the thermal demands of these two reference buildings. Two of them are typical meteorological years (TMY) derived from weather data measured before 2000. On the contrary, the third one is an experimental file representing the average values of the meteorological variables registered in Madrid during the last decade. Annual and monthly comparisons are done between the three climate databases assessing the climate changes. Compared to the TMYs databases, the experimental one records an average air temperature of 1.8 °C higher and an average value of relative humidity that is 9% lower.

scholarly journals Modeling Nearly Zero Energy Buildings for Sustainable Development in Rural Areas

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Khakian ◽  
Mehrdad Karimimoshaver ◽  
Farshid Aram ◽  
Soghra Zoroufchi Benis ◽  
Amir Mosavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Shading Devices ◽  
The Impact

The energy performance of buildings and energy-saving measures have been widely investigated in recent years. However, little attention has been paid to buildings located in rural areas. The aim of this study is to assess the energy performance of two-story residential buildings located in the mountainous village of Palangan in Iran and to evaluate the impact of multiple parameters, namely building orientation, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), glazing type, shading devices, and insulation, on its energy performance. To attain a nearly zero energy building design in rural areas, the building is equipped with photovoltaic modules. The proposed building design is then economically evaluated to ensure its viability. The findings indicate that an energy saving of 29% can be achieved compared to conventional buildings, and over 22 MWh of electricity can be produced on an annual basis. The payback period is assessed at 21.7 years. However, energy subsidies are projected to be eliminated in the near future, which in turn may reduce the payback period.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic and Exergoeconomic Analysis of a Supercritical CO2 Cycle Integrated with a LiBr-H2O Absorption Heat Pump for Combined Heat and Power Generation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Yang ◽  
Zihua Wang ◽  
Qingya Ma ◽  
Yongquan Lai ◽  
Jiangfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Pump ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Heating System ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ammonia Water ◽  
Absorption Heat Pump ◽  
Comparison Results

In this paper, a novel combined heat and power (CHP) system is proposed in which the waste heat from a supercritical CO2 recompression Brayton cycle (sCO2) is recovered by a LiBr-H2O absorption heat pump (AHP). Thermodynamic and exergoeconomic models are established on the basis of the mass, energy, and cost balance equations. The proposed sCO2/LiBr-H2O AHP system is examined and compared with a stand-alone sCO2 system, a sCO2/DH system (sCO2/direct heating system), and a sCO2/ammonia-water AHP system from the viewpoints of energy, exergy, and exergoeconomics. Parametric studies are performed to reveal the influences of decision variables on the performances of these systems, and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is utilized to optimize the system performances. Results show that the sCO2/LiBr-H2O AHP system can obtain an improvement of 13.39% in exergy efficiency and a reduction of 8.66% in total product unit cost compared with the stand-alone sCO2 system. In addition, the sCO2/LiBr-H2O AHP system performs better than sCO2/DH system and sCO2/ammonia-water AHP system do, indicating that the LiBr-H2O AHP is a preferable bottoming cycle for heat production. The detailed parametric analysis, optimization, and comparison results may provide some references in the design and operation of sCO2/AHP system to save energy consumption and provide considerable economic benefits.

scholarly journals Techno-Economic Assessment of Rooftop PV Systems in Residential Buildings in Hot–Humid Climates

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10060
Author(s):  
Ammar Hamoud Ahmad Dehwah ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Ismail Mohammad Budaiwi ◽  
Adel Alshibani
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Utilization Factor ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
The Impact

The application of renewable energy has been an integral part of the sustainability drive in the building sector and solar photovoltaic (PV) is one of the most effective technologies in this respect. The present study aims to investigate the prospects of solar PV in residential buildings in the hot–humid climatic conditions. The study discusses the utilization of building roofs for the application of PV in terms of potential hurdles and utilization factor (UF). Technical performance of PV systems has also been investigated in terms of power output as well as the energy saved as a result of the shading impact of panels for two types of residential units, apartments and villas. Investigation of 70 sample residential buildings reveals the average UF of 0.21 and 0.28 for apartments and villas, respectively. For the case study of apartment and villa residential units, roof UF has been found to be 13% and 15% with a respective PV output of 6079 kWh/year and 6162 kWh/year. Potential PV output at the city level has also been estimated. A sensitivity analysis has been conducted to evaluate the impact of various cost and design parameters on the viability of PV systems.

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