scholarly journals Modelling Long-Term Transition from Coal-Reliant to Low-Emission Power Grid and District Heating Systems in Poland

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 8389
Author(s):  
Marcin Jaskólski ◽  
Paweł Bućko
Keyword(s):  
Heat Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Generation Structure ◽  
Climate Neutrality

Energy systems require technological changes towards climate neutrality. In Poland, where the power system is dominated by outdated coal-fired power plants, efforts to minimize the environmental impact are associated with high costs. Therefore, optimal paths for the development of the energy sector should be sought in order to achieve ambitious long-term strategic goals, while minimizing the negative impact on the consumers’ home budget. A methodology and a model for the development of the electricity and heat generation structure were developed and implemented in market allocation (MARKAL) modelling framework. Two scenarios were presented, i.e., business as usual (BAU) and withdrawal from coal (WFC) scenarios. The calculations showed a significant role of nuclear energy and offshore wind power in the pursuit of climate neutrality of electricity generation. In the BAU scenario, the model proposes to stay with coal technologies using carbon capture and storage systems. Withdrawal from coal (WFC scenario) makes it necessary to replace them by gas-fired power plants with CO2 sequestration. Solar energy can be used both in electricity and district heating. In order to build on the latter technological option, appropriate energy storage techniques must be developed. Geothermal energy is expected to be the key option for district heat generation in the long-term horizon. The proposed development paths guarantee a significant reduction in greenhouse gases and industrial emissions. However, complete climate neutrality is uncertain, given the current degree and dynamics of technological development.

scholarly journals Energetic and Environmental Aspects of Individual Heat Generation for Sustainable Development at a Local Scale—A Case Study from Poland

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Kaczmarczyk ◽  
Anna Sowiżdżał ◽  
Barbara Tomaszewska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Ecological Effect ◽  
Coal Fuel ◽  
Generation Structure

The housing sector, especially with respect to energy generation to provide heating and domestic hot water, has been identified, after transport, as contributing the most to air pollution and the occurrence of low emissions in Poland. In particular, this applies to areas where there is a lack of heating and gas networks. This paper presents the results of calculations relating to the emission of atmospheric pollutants (TSP—total suspended particles as particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5, SOx—sulphur dioxide, NOx—nitrogen dioxide, CO—carbon monoxide) from individual sources of heat. The fact that a commune that does not have the network infrastructure, noted above, was taken into consideration, and the structure of heat generation was estimated on the basis of coal, fuel oil and biomass. The analysis was carried out taking into account the variable heat generation structure in households depending on the fuels used, including the heating values of fuels and the efficiency of heating devices. Based on the calculations carried out, an ecological effect was obtained by assuming the replacement of heat sources by devices with higher efficiency and also by considering the possibility of using heat pumps as a zero-emission solution in the households. This article attempts to answer the question posed by municipal authorities on how to limit the negative impact on the environment of individual heating devices in order to achieve sustainable development, including the specific conditions resulting from limited infrastructural opportunities.

scholarly journals METHODS FOR CALCULATING NETWORK PARAMETERS IN REGULATING THE COMPLEX OF WORKS ON MODERNIZATION OF THE HEAT SUPPLY SECTOR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Yushchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Supply ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Critical Path ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Heating Systems ◽  
Network Parameters ◽  
District Heating Systems ◽  
Heating Networks

In Ukraine, where, unlike the countries of the European Union that use district heating systems and have invested more than €80 billion in their modernization over the past 30 years, during 1990-2020 there was no necessary investment in the modernization of district heating systems, especially badly worn out heating systems combined heat and power plants and heating networks, losses of thermal energy in heat sources and networks are the largest in Europe, rational work is needed to further improve the technical level of heat supply systems based on innovative, highly efficient technologies and equipment; reduction of non-production losses of heat energy and fuel consumption; ensuring controllability, reliability, safety and efficiency of heat supply; reducing the negative impact on the environment. And in this case, the planning of works that are significant in terms of volume, cost and time becomes especially relevant to the use of economic and mathematical models and methods existing in the theory of planning and network management, such as the Critical Path Method, Program Evaluation and Review Technique, Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique, which involve working with networks, and related software like Project Standard, Open Plan, Primavera Project Planner, SureTrak Project Manager and others that will help generate invariants of management decisions regarding the sequencing and timing of use limited resources throughout the entire period of the project, dynamically adjust the timing of the start of each type of work, carry out the optimal distribution of funds allocated to the project in terms of reducing the duration of the entire project, analyze the trade-off relationships between p the costs and timing of various works, taking into account the available reserve of time, when it comes to a large number of interrelated works that must be performed in a strict technological sequence, require timing and control in order to achieve the task. The article is devoted to the systematization and review of such methods for calculating network parameters (network graphics) such as analytical, matrix, tabular and with the use of electronic computers (computers). The expediency of adapting them to the practice of effective planning and management of modernization, reconstruction and replacement of technological equipment of heat points and heating networks of heat power enterprises in order to reduce costs in the production, transmission and distribution of heat energy for the implementation of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2035 is substantiated.

scholarly journals Qatar’s effort for the deployment of Carbon Capture and Storage

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-457 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Technical Potential ◽  
Major Shift ◽  
And Storage

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is an advanced technology that has the technical potential to provide dual advantages: (1) it helps countries maintain their hydrocarbon – driven economic advancement, such as Gulf Corporation Council countries (GCC) and (2) mitigating the negative effects of increasing CO2 emissions. A full system of CCS consists of CO2 separation, compression, transportation, injection into underground reservoirs and long-term monitoring. Qatar is very well aware of the adverse consequences of the rise of CO2 emissions and therefore started investing heavily in carbon capture and Storage and took major steps to mitigate the negative impact of CO2. It is believed that CCS would provide a major shift in mitigation the CO2 emissions. This paper will analyze the potential of deployment of CCS in Qatar as well as the efforts expended so far in that regard.

scholarly journals Air pollution in Ukraine: a view from the Sentinel-5P satellite

Időjárás ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-290
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Savenets
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Anthropogenic Emissions ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Industrial Zones

The study presents analysis of current air pollution state over Ukraine including remote regions and uncontrolled Ukrainian territories; features of NO2, SO2, and CO spatial distribution and seasonality under the influence of local anthropogenic emissions. The research is based on Sentinel-5P satellite data for the period of November 2018 – January 2020. Despite the increasing traffic emissions, the industrial emissions still greatly influence the air pollution in Ukraine. Sentinel-5P coverage allowed detecting a number of cities with huge anthropogenic NO2 and SO2 emissions, where ground-based measurements are absent. Uncontrolled territories on the east part of Ukraine still negatively affect air quality in the region due to the activity of coal-fired thermal power plants. The study indicates significant air quality changes during the heating season in winter and open burning in March – April. There were found differences in NO2 seasonal variability over clean remote regions and industrial zones. The paper analyzes features of shipping emissions during the tourist season for Ukrainian coastline of Black and Azov Seas, showing huge negative impact of chaotic movements of tourists boats near the Dzharylhach National Nature Park.

scholarly journals A Critical Review of CO2 Capture Technologies and Prospects for Clean Power Generation

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 4143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najmus S. Sifat ◽  
Yousef Haseli
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Industrial Emissions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Current State ◽  
Separation Of Co2

With rapid growth in global demand for energy, the emission of CO2 is increasing due to the use of fossil fuels in power plants. Effective strategies are required to decrease the industrial emissions to meet the climate change target set at 21st Conference of the Parties (COP 21). Carbon capture and storage have been recognized as the most useful methods to reduce the CO2 emissions while using fossil fuels in power generation. This work reviews different methods and updates of the current technologies to capture and separate CO2 generated in a thermal power plant. Carbon capture is classified in two broad categories depending on the requirement of separation of CO2 from the gases. The novel methods of oxy combustion and chemical looping combustion carbon capture have been compared with the traditional post combustion and precombustion carbon capture methods. The current state of technology and limitation of each of the processes including commonly used separation techniques for CO2 from the gas mixture are discussed in this review. Further research and investigations are suggested based on the technological maturity, economic viability, and lack of proper knowledge of the combustion system for further improvement of the capture system.

A compact guided-wave EMAT with pulsed electromagnet for ferromagnetic tube inspection

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 951-958
Author(s):  
Tianhao Liu ◽  
Yu Jin ◽  
Cuixiang Pei ◽  
Jie Han ◽  
Zhenmao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Guided Wave ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Receiver Coil ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Corrosion Defects

Small-diameter tubes that are widely used in petroleum industries and power plants experience corrosion during long-term services. In this paper, a compact inserted guided-wave EMAT with a pulsed electromagnet is proposed for small-diameter tube inspection. The proposed transducer is noncontact, compact with high signal-to-noise ratio and unattractive to ferromagnetic tubes. The proposed EMAT is designed with coils-only configuration, which consists of a pulsed electromagnet and a meander pulser/receiver coil. Both the numerical simulation and experimental results validate its feasibility on generating and receiving L(0,2) mode guided wave. The parameters for driving the proposed EMAT are optimized by performance testing. Finally, feasibility on quantification evaluation for corrosion defects was verified by experiments.

scholarly journals A Combined Approach for Model-Based PV Power Plant Failure Detection and Diagnostic

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Christopher Gradwohl ◽  
Vesna Dimitrievska ◽  
Federico Pittino ◽  
Wolfgang Muehleisen ◽  
András Montvay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Failure Detection ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Combined Approach ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Model Based

Photovoltaic (PV) technology allows large-scale investments in a renewable power-generating system at a competitive levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) and with a low environmental impact. Large-scale PV installations operate in a highly competitive market environment where even small performance losses have a high impact on profit margins. Therefore, operation at maximum performance is the key for long-term profitability. This can be achieved by advanced performance monitoring and instant or gradual failure detection methodologies. We present in this paper a combined approach on model-based fault detection by means of physical and statistical models and failure diagnosis based on physics of failure. Both approaches contribute to optimized PV plant operation and maintenance based on typically available supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data. The failure detection and diagnosis capabilities were demonstrated in a case study based on six years of SCADA data from a PV plant in Slovenia. In this case study, underperforming values of the inverters of the PV plant were reliably detected and possible root causes were identified. Our work has led us to conclude that the combined approach can contribute to an efficient and long-term operation of photovoltaic power plants with a maximum energy yield and can be applied to the monitoring of photovoltaic plants.

scholarly journals Quantification of PV Power and Economic Losses Due to Soiling in Qatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3364
Author(s):  
Amr Zeedan ◽  
Abdulaziz Barakeh ◽  
Khaled Al-Fakhroo ◽  
Farid Touati ◽  
Antonio S. P. Gonzales
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Dust Density

Soiling losses of photovoltaic (PV) panels due to dust lead to a significant decrease in solar energy yield and result in economic losses; this hence poses critical challenges to the viability of PV in smart grid systems. In this paper, these losses are quantified under Qatar’s harsh environment. This quantification is based on experimental data from long-term measurements of various climatic parameters and the output power of PV panels located in Qatar University’s Solar facility in Doha, Qatar, using a customized measurement and monitoring setup. A data processing algorithm was deliberately developed and applied, which aimed to correlate output power to ambient dust density in the vicinity of PV panels. It was found that, without cleaning, soiling reduced the output power by 43% after six months of exposure to an average ambient dust density of 0.7 mg/m3. The power and economic loss that would result from this power reduction for Qatar’s ongoing solar PV projects has also been estimated. For example, for the Al-Kharasaah project power plant, similar soiling loss would result in about a 10% power decrease after six months for typical ranges of dust density in Qatar’s environment; this, in turn, would result in an 11,000 QAR/h financial loss. This would pose a pressing need to mitigate soiling effects in PV power plants.

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