scholarly journals Assessment of Non-Anthropogenic Addition of Uric Acid to a Water Treatment Wetlands

Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Joseph Welch ◽  
Vanessa Simmons ◽  
Eduardo Meléndez ◽  
Mark Sees ◽  
Yolanda Gold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Engineered Wetland ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Artificial water-treatment wetlands can reduce nitrogen and phosphorous nutrient concentrations in wastewater effluent to improve water quality and decrease eutrophication in natural waters. The Orlando Easterly Wetlands (OEW) is an engineered wetland that polishes 57 million liters of wastewater per day, lowering the total nitrogen and phosphorous concentrations through biological, physical, and chemical processes. In addition to purifying the water, the wetlands provide habitat for avian, mammalian, reptilian and macroinvertebrate species. Previous research has shown that avian species affect the eutrophication of agricultural reservoirs near their roost. The research herein quantifies uric acid in avian and reptilian excretory product and tracks its concentration profile throughout the OEW over a seven-month period. This measure of the non-anthropogenic contribution to nitrogen within the park includes winter months when large numbers of migratory birds occupy the wetland. The enzymatic decomposition of uric acid and the subsequent fluorimetric analysis were used to quantify uric acid throughout the flow train of the OEW. High concentrations of 2–4 mg/L uric acid were found in the influent, but drastically declined to concentrations below 0.2 mg/L in the effluent.

scholarly journals Limnology of shallow lakes of the semi-arid Central Pampa of Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Andrés Echaniz ◽  
Alicia María Vignatti
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Urban Sewage ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Abstract Aim The Central Pampa of Argentina has three recognized phytogeographic regions that arise due to the decrease in rainfall towards the west. The area has numerous lakes that are mainly temporary, with hydroperiods that relate to climatic cycles, although some of them have changed due to anthropogenic influence. Some of these lakes have been studied with special reference to zooplankton, but information on their physical and chemical aspects is scarce. Consequently, managing and evaluating the anthropogenic effects on these ecosystems is challenging. The objective of this study was to explore the limnological characteristics of lakes in different regions in the Central Pampa that experience different anthropic influences. Methods Ten lakes were sampled seasonally (January, April, July, and October) during 2007. In situ measurements included transparency, pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentration, and 2-L water samples were collected to determine salinity, ion composition, suspended solids, nutrient concentration, and phytoplankton chlorophyll- a concentration. Results Salinity ranged from 0.32-136.72 g L-1, with Na+ being the dominant ion in nine lakes and Cl- and HCO3- predominating in the higher- and lower-salinity lakes respectively. Nutrient concentrations were high (total Kjeldahl nitrogen: 7.97-34.69 mg L-1; total phosphorous: 4.07-14.82 mg L-1), and all lakes were hypertrophic. We determined three lake classes: i) lakes transformed from low-salinity lakes into hypersaline ones through human inactivation of the fluvial system that fed it; ii) mesosaline temporary lakes lacking fish, with low concentrations of chlorophyll-a and influenced by agricultural activities, and iii) subsaline and hyposaline lakes, highly modified by urban sewage, converted in permanent lakes (which allowed fish fauna development) and with reduced water transparency (due to high concentrations of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a). Conclusions The chemical diversity of the studied lakes is low, and their predominance of Na+ and Cl- indicated that evaporation and crystallization control the water chemistry. Additionally, this study showed the consequences of the anthropic impact, which alter water chemical composition, trophic structure and, thus, the ecological characteristics of lakes.

Drivers of macrophyte development in rivers in an agricultural area: indicative species reactions

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iga Lewin ◽  
Krzysztof Szoszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Biological Data ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Canonical Ordination ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Macrophyte Index

AbstractThe ecological drivers of macrophyte development in a lowland agricultural area were tested based on a 2008 survey on the Wkra River catchment. Our survey was carried out in the rivers of an agricultural area with relatively high concentrations of both nitrates and phosphates in the water. By using the Polish macrophyte method, we were able to calculate several botanical metrics. Canonical ordination analyses used to relate biological data to environmental variables such as physical and chemical parameters of water, surface water velocity or river width, were carried out using CANOCO for Windows. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that pH and alkalinity were the parameters best correlated with the distribution of macrophytes and values of macrophyte indices. The recorded values of the Macrophyte Index for River in the Wkra River and its tributaries reflected their good and moderate ecological status (the Water Framework Directive scale). Despite the fact that nutrient concentrations in the water were relatively high and that most of the sites represented eutrophic conditions, the results of this survey showed that non-nutrient parameters may play an important role in explaining aquatic plant occurrence in rivers that have been subjected to eutrophication.

scholarly journals Risks Associated of the Waters from Hydric Systems Urban`s. The case of the rio Barigui, south of Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1834-1842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Roberto Bairros Da Silva ◽  
Cleyton Nascimento Makara ◽  
Ana Paula Munaro ◽  
Danielle Caroline Schnitzler ◽  
Daniel Constantin Diaconu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Water System ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Chemical Availability ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The quantification of a chemical species isolated in natural waters does not allow the characterization of it as an environmental stressor. Therefore, it is necessary to associate different lines of research that allows the evaluation of risk on the water system. In this perspective, this study carries out approaches based on distinct research lines, allowing physical and chemical quantification in situ, determination of nutrient concentrations, chlorophyll-a, total alkalinity and metallic species (Cu, Ni, Fe, Cr, Zn and Pb). In addition, the dissolved organic matter was evaluated by means of spectrophotometric techniques and testing of acute toxicity with the organism Artemia sp. and Daphnia magna in water samples from the Barig�i River, southern Brazil. The results point to the existence of degradation processes and the input of organic matter that are affecting the dynamics of the species, influencing their chemical availability and toxicity in the water system.

A modified method for the enumeration of aerobic spore-forming bacteria

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 976-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Barbeau ◽  
Lina Boulos ◽  
Raymond Desjardins ◽  
Josée Coallier ◽  
Michèle Prévost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Spore Forming Bacteria

An optimized method for cultivating aerobic spore-forming bacteria in drinking water is described. Such organisms offer the potential as an indicator of water treatment efficiency. The various parameters evaluated were recovery media, incubation, and pasteurization conditions. The optimal conditions consisted of pasteurization for 15 min at 75 °C, followed by membrane filtration and incubation for 24 h at 35 °C on a pad to which 1.4 mL trypticase soy broth had been added. Aerobic spore-forming bacteria were detected in large numbers (1.0 × 102 − 3.2 × 103 CFU/100 mL) in raw waters and daily samples showed that in natural waters they remained stable over the test period (3 weeks).Key words: aerobic spores, method, indicator.

An instrument for the measurement of colour and turbidity in natural waters

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry O. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Beam Intensity ◽  
Compensation Technique

The development of a sensor to measure colour and turbidity of natural waters is described. Filtration of the water is not required, so maintenance intervals and costs will be reduced. A four-beam intensity compensation technique is used for robust measurement and resistance to fouling. Results of the operation of a prototype at a water treatment works are presented.

Natural Products and Extracts as Xantine Oxidase Inhibitors – A Hope for Gout Disease?

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkay Erdogan Orhan ◽  
Fatma Sezer Senol Deniz
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Intermediate Compound ◽  
Living System ◽  
Ginsenoside Rd ◽  
Drug Classes ◽  
Urate Crystal ◽  
High Concentrations

: Xanthine oxidase (EC 1.17.3.2) (XO) is one of the main enzymatic sources that create reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the living system. It is a dehydrogenase enzyme that performs electron transfer to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ), while oxidizing hypoxanthin, which is an intermediate compound in purine catabolism, first to xanthine and then to uric acid. XO turns into an oxidant enzyme that oxidizes thiol groups under certain stress conditions in the tissue. The last metabolic step, in which hypoxanthin turns into uric acid, is catalyzed by XO. Uric acid, considered a waste product, can cause kidney stones and gouty-type arthritis as it is crystallized, when present in high concentrations. Thus, XO inhibitors are one of the drug classes used against gout, a purine metabolism disease that causes urate crystal storage in the joint and its surroundings caused by hyperuricemia. Urate-lowering therapy include XO inhibitors that reduce uric acid production as well as uricosuric drugs that increase urea excretion. Current drugs that obstruct uric acid synthesis through XO inhibition are allopurinol, febuxostat, and uricase. However, since the side effects, safety and tolerability problems of some current gout medications still exist; intensive research is ongoing to look for new, effective, and safer XO inhibitors of natural or synthetic origins for the treatment of the disease. In the present review, we aimed to assess in detail XO inhibitory capacities of pure natural compounds along with the extracts from plants and other natural sources via screening Pubmed, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and Google Academic. The data pointed out to the fact that natural products, particularly phenolics such as flavonoids (quercetin, apigenin, and scutellarein), tannins (agrimoniin and ellagitannin), chalcones (melanoxethin), triterpenes (ginsenoside Rd and ursolic acid), stilbenes (resveratrol and piceatannol), alkaloids (berberin and palmatin) have a great potential for new XO inhibitors capable of use against gout disease. In addition, not only plants but other biological sources such as microfungi, macrofungi, lichens, insects (silk worms, ants, etc) seem to be the promising sources of novel XO inhibitors.

scholarly journals Large subglacial source of mercury from the southwestern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon R. Hawkings ◽  
Benjamin S. Linhoff ◽  
Jemma L. Wadham ◽  
Marek Stibal ◽  
Carl H. Lamborg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Waters ◽  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Arctic Ecosystems ◽  
High Mercury ◽  
Southwestern Margin ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Dissolved Mercury

AbstractThe Greenland Ice Sheet is currently not accounted for in Arctic mercury budgets, despite large and increasing annual runoff to the ocean and the socio-economic concerns of high mercury levels in Arctic organisms. Here we present concentrations of mercury in meltwaters from three glacial catchments on the southwestern margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet and evaluate the export of mercury to downstream fjords based on samples collected during summer ablation seasons. We show that concentrations of dissolved mercury are among the highest recorded in natural waters and mercury yields from these glacial catchments (521–3,300 mmol km−2 year−1) are two orders of magnitude higher than from Arctic rivers (4–20 mmol km−2 year−1). Fluxes of dissolved mercury from the southwestern region of Greenland are estimated to be globally significant (15.4–212 kmol year−1), accounting for about 10% of the estimated global riverine flux, and include export of bioaccumulating methylmercury (0.31–1.97 kmol year−1). High dissolved mercury concentrations (~20 pM inorganic mercury and ~2 pM methylmercury) were found to persist across salinity gradients of fjords. Mean particulate mercury concentrations were among the highest recorded in the literature (~51,000 pM), and dissolved mercury concentrations in runoff exceed reported surface snow and ice values. These results suggest a geological source of mercury at the ice sheet bed. The high concentrations of mercury and its large export to the downstream fjords have important implications for Arctic ecosystems, highlighting an urgent need to better understand mercury dynamics in ice sheet runoff under global warming.

scholarly journals Magnetic iron oxide/clay nanocomposites for adsorption and catalytic oxidation in water treatment applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1148-1166
Author(s):  
Ganjar Fadillah ◽  
Septian Perwira Yudha ◽  
Suresh Sagadevan ◽  
Is Fatimah ◽  
Oki Muraza
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Photocatalytic Oxidation ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Magnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
Oxidation Processes ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractPhysical and chemical methods have been developed for water and wastewater treatments. Adsorption is an attractive method due to its simplicity and low cost, and it has been widely employed in industrial treatment. In advanced schemes, chemical oxidation and photocatalytic oxidation have been recognized as effective methods for wastewater-containing organic compounds. The use of magnetic iron oxide in these methods has received much attention. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite adsorbents have been recognized as favorable materials due to their stability, high adsorption capacities, and recoverability, compared to conventional sorbents. Magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites have also been reported to be effective in photocatalytic and chemical oxidation processes. The current review has presented recent developments in techniques using magnetic iron oxide nanocomposites for water treatment applications. The review highlights the synthesis method and compares modifications for adsorbent, photocatalytic oxidation, and chemical oxidation processes. Future prospects for the use of nanocomposites have been presented.

Comparison of a Colorimetric (Automated) with an Enzymatic (Manual) Uric Acid Procedure

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B O'Sullivan ◽  
John O'S Francis ◽  
Nathan Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Uric Acid ◽  
Reasonable Accuracy ◽  
Spectrophotometric Procedure ◽  
Large Numbers

Abstract An automated colorimetric serum uric acid procedure utilizing the AutoAnalyzer has been evaluated and compared with an enzymatic spectrophotometric procedure. The results of this study indicate that the AutoAnalyzer, with its speed of assay, can be used for large numbers of serum uric acid determinations without compromising on precision and reasonable accuracy.

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