scholarly journals Livelihood Impacts of Plantation Forests on Farmers in the Greater Mekong Subregion: A Systematic Review of Plantation Forest Models

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1162
Author(s):  
Alexander van der Meer Simo
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Models ◽  
Local Farmers

Background and Objectives: Plantation forests remain a highly contested element of rural development. Successive reviews of large-scale plantations established under land concessions identify predominantly negative impacts on local farmers’ livelihoods. Although concession models of plantation development have been common in the global South, other models characterised by different forms of land tenure, labour arrangements, and plantation design have also emerged. The impacts of these models on the livelihoods of local farmers are likely to be more varied. This paper presents the results of a systematic review on the impacts of different models of plantation forests on the livelihoods of local farmers in the Greater Mekong Sub-region. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two of more than 1000 publications were identified as meeting review criteria and were assessed systematically to identify how plantation forests impacted on the natural, financial, human, physical, and social assets of proximate rural communities. Plantation models included: state forest plantations; land and land-sharing concessions; land purchase programs; and “enrolled”, contracted, and independent smallholders. Results: The results confirm those of earlier studies that land concessions delivered lasting livelihoods benefits only to few communities. A small number of positive examples among these cases demonstrate, however, that these plantation models are not necessarily detrimental to local livelihoods. Other plantation forest models, based on contract farming, land purchase, and independent smallholders have generally brought economic benefits to local people, although differentially. Research Highlights and Conclusions: Overall, this review suggests that plantation forests are not inherently positive or negative for local livelihoods, and all plantation models have the potential to contribute positively to local livelihoods. Future research on this topic needs to adopt more holistic livelihoods perspectives.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lixiang Lou ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Zeqing Li ◽  
Baoming Tang ◽  
Zhaowei Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Improvement ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Mesh Terms

AbstractBackgroundThe global total of COVID-19 cases will reach 20 million this week, with 750,000 deaths. It has spread to more than 200 countries and regions around the world. At present, the global pandemic continues to rise and continues to spread worldwide. It is necessary to explore the effective and safe treatment of COVID-19 as soon as possible. Remdesiviras was an antiviral agent with therapeutic potential, but it was still controversial.ObjectiveThrough systematic review and meta-analysis, to evaluate the effect and safety of remdesivir in the treatment of patients with COVID-19, and will provide a reliable reference for the treatment of COVID-19.MethodsWe used the following search string: “COVID-19” [Mesh], “remdesivir” [Mesh], “randomized controlled trial” [Mesh]. We used the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms and corresponding keywords to make the search strategy. We searched six databases, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, clinical trials.gov and chictr.org.cn. Data analyses were conducted by using the software Review Manager 5.3 and STATA version 14.0.ResultsOur systematic search identified 5 meta-analyses of RCTs, including 1782 patients with COVID-19.The clinical improvement of remdesivir in the treatment of COVID-19 was superior to the placebo-controlled group (relative risk (RR) =1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.07-1.29, p=0.0009). The following are the Single-Arm Study, Meta-analysis results. The pooled prevalence of clinical improvement significant findings was 62% (95% CI = 59-65%, p=0.00), during treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir. The incidence rates of Acute kidney injury, Hepatic enzyme increased, Any serious adverse event were 5% (95%CI=3-7%, p=0.00), 11%(95%CI=5-16%, p=0.00), 22%(95%CI=18-27%, p=0.00), respectively, and the mortality was 13%(95%CI=8-19%, p=0.00), during treatment of COVID-19 with remdesivir.ConclusionThis analysis confirms that remdesivir is effective in the clinical improvement of COVID-19 patients, and the rate of clinical improvement was 62%. In addition, adverse events and mortality should also be paid attention to. Future research should aim that more large-scale studies were needed to confirm the results, to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Coral Reef Rehabilitation Using New Biomimicking, Advanced Materials Artificial Reefs

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-121
Author(s):  
Emily Higgins ◽  
Konstantin Sobolev
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Artificial Reefs ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Reef Restoration ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
And Function

Abstract Globally, artificial reefs (ARs) are being increasingly used as a coral reef restoration strategy, and ARs made from conventional substrates (e.g. metal, concrete) have had limited success for coral reef conservation due to structure size and lack of pre-deployment engineering. To curb further deterioration on reefs, technological advances in restoration methods must be quickly tested and applied on a large scale. Here, we present the results of the first IntelliReefs biomimicking “Oceanite” nanotechnology ARs. We compared benthic community composition on three Oceanite ARs 14 months after deployment in Sint Maarten. We also examined fish abundance, diversity, and behaviour on the ARs. The results from this study suggest that Oceanite can enhance local biodiversity, attract coral recruits, provide food and protection for large fish communities, and develop a healthy early coral reef community in 14 months. IntelliReefs' future research will focus on large-scale deployments and further development of site-, species-, and function-specific substrates to optimize AR conservation goals and increase project success. Our Ocean-Shot will deploy durable, bio-enhanced reefs that build resilience to climate change, increase economic benefits, and coastal protection for seaside communities. Oceanite can further be customized for specific stressor mitigation (e.g., pathogens, warming, acidification, reduced water quality, invasive species).

Entrepreneurship for Sustainable Development: A Review and Multilevel Causal Mechanism Framework

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1141-1173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Johnson ◽  
Stefan Schaltegger
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Contextual Influences ◽  
Sustainable Entrepreneurship ◽  
Causal Mechanisms ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
Social Environmental

Entrepreneurship for sustainable development is a multilevel phenomenon connecting social, environmental and economic dimensions between entrepreneurial processes, market transformations, as well as large-scale societal developments. While previous articles on social, environmental, and sustainable entrepreneurship have advanced our understanding on processes of discovery, creation, and exploitation of sustainability-oriented opportunities, the links between contextual influences on venture development and transformational outcomes at multiple levels are only partially captured in extant frameworks. Drawing out causal mechanisms with a systematic review, this article proposes a multilevel framework for linking mechanisms in existing literature and proposing future research on entrepreneurship for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Emergy and Economic Evaluation of Seven Typical Agroforestry Planting Patterns in the Karst Region of Southwest China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Zou ◽  
Fuping Zeng ◽  
Kelin Wang ◽  
Zhaoxia Zeng ◽  
Leilei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Karst Region ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Land Use Pattern ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Ecological Industry ◽  
Local Farmers

As a vast degraded land ecosystem, the karst region of southwest China is currently experiencing serious conflicts between restoration of degraded vegetation communities and agricultural activities. Furthermore, it is not clear what land use pattern suits local farmers best. To evaluate the sustainability of the degraded agricultural ecosystems in the region, methods for emergy analysis were used to compare the ecological and economic benefits from seven typical agroforestry planting patterns in the Yunnan province. The eco-efficiencies of the apple pattern (AP), pear pattern (PP), pomegranate pattern (PRP) were all lower than that of the traditional corn pattern (CP), although the economic benefit was higher than that of CP. Ecological benefits of the apple-soybean pattern (ASP) and the pear-pumpkin pattern (PPP) were not significantly improved, while ecological and economic benefits of the pomegranate-grass-sheep pattern (PGSP) was improved significantly. Intercropping pumpkin in PP increased the economic efficiency by 28.3%, which was superior to that of the intercropping of soybeans (4.6%) in AP. These data implied that interplanting crops in AP and PP might result in higher economic benefit than the existing interplanting pattern. The multistory agroforestry planting pattern and raising in PGSP could optimize the relationship among tree-grass-sheep and improve ecological and economic benefits. Additionally, scenario analysis showed that local farmers might enjoy better ecological and economic benefits at a large scale by optimizing current agricultural production patterns. Our results suggest that together, both the local government and farmers can adjust the structure of agroforestry ecosystems to foster the sustainable development of the ecological industry in the karst region of China.

The stigma of mental illness in children and adolescents: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S130-S130
Author(s):  
A. Kaushik ◽  
E. Kostaki ◽  
S. Fewings ◽  
G. Thomas ◽  
M. Kyriakopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Mental Health Difficulties

IntroductionOne in ten children and adolescents experience mental health difficulties at any given time, yet only one third of those suffering access treatment. Untreated mental illness predisposes to longstanding individual difficulties, and presents a great public health burden. Large scale initiatives to reduce stigmatization of mental illness in children and adolescents, identified as a key deterrent to treatment, have had limited success, and research is scarce.AimsTo gain a better understanding of the stigma experienced by children and adolescents with mental health difficulties.ObjectivesWe conducted a systematic review of the literature examining stigma and self-stigma towards children and adolescents with mental health difficulties, in order to better understand the extent and type of discrimination directed towards this particularly vulnerable group.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, the databases Pubmed, PsychINFO and Cochrane were searched for original research published between 1980 and 2014, assessing public stigma (i.e. the reaction of the general public) and self-stigma (i.e. internalized public stigma) towards children and adolescents with mental health difficulties.ResultsThirty-seven studies were identified, confirming that stigmatization towards children and young people suffering mental health difficulties is a universal and disabling problem. There was some variation by diagnosis and gender, and stigmatization was for the most part unaffected by labelling. Self-stigmatization led to more secrecy and avoidance of interventions.ConclusionsThe findings confirm that stigmatization of mental illness is poorly understood due to a lack of evidence and methodological discrepancies. Implications of the findings are discussed, and suggestions made for future research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Using Machine Learning Technologies in Pressure Injury Management: Systematic Review (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyao Jiang ◽  
Yuxia Ma ◽  
Siyi Guo ◽  
Liuqi Jin ◽  
Lin Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Biomedical Literature ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Pressure Injury

BACKGROUND Pressure injury (PI) is a common and preventable problem, yet it is a challenge for at least two reasons. First, the nurse shortage is a worldwide phenomenon. Second, the majority of nurses have insufficient PI-related knowledge. Machine learning (ML) technologies can contribute to lessening the burden on medical staff by improving the prognosis and diagnostic accuracy of PI. To the best of our knowledge, there is no existing systematic review that evaluates how the current ML technologies are being used in PI management. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review was to synthesize and evaluate the literature regarding the use of ML technologies in PI management, and identify their strengths and weaknesses, as well as to identify improvement opportunities for future research and practice. METHODS We conducted an extensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), the Wanfang database, the VIP database, and the China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) to identify relevant articles. Searches were performed in June 2020. Two independent investigators conducted study selection, data extraction, and quality appraisal. Risk of bias was assessed using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). RESULTS A total of 32 articles met the inclusion criteria. Twelve of those articles (38%) reported using ML technologies to develop predictive models to identify risk factors, 11 (34%) reported using them in posture detection and recognition, and 9 (28%) reported using them in image analysis for tissue classification and measurement of PI wounds. These articles presented various algorithms and measured outcomes. The overall risk of bias was judged as high. CONCLUSIONS There is an array of emerging ML technologies being used in PI management, and their results in the laboratory show great promise. Future research should apply these technologies on a large scale with clinical data to further verify and improve their effectiveness, as well as to improve the methodological quality.

The mindfulness trajectories of addressing suicidal behaviour: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402096077
Author(s):  
Saurabh Raj ◽  
Debasruti Ghosh ◽  
Sunil K Verma ◽  
Tushar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Suicidal Behaviour ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Effective Intervention Strategy ◽  
Intervention Efficacy ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background and objectives: Suicidal behaviour has been a persistent concern in medical as well as general settings. Many psychotherapeutic approaches have tried to address suicidal behaviour in different ways. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have garnered much attention in the last decade because of their treatment efficacy. This systematic review aimed to examine evidence-based research regarding the effectiveness of MBIs as a psychotherapy intervention on suicidality and to deliver suggestions that might help future research. Method: The identification of literature was made through an extensive search of the electronic databases, to extract studies relating to the efficacy of MBIs on addressing suicidal behaviour. Additional researches based on library sources were searched manually. The studies’ selection was based on a pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria as well as the quality of the studies. Results: The present review helped us identify 13 studies, including six randomised controlled trials, two controlled studies and five pre-post observational studies. The findings reported in the studies were mostly favourable to MBIs as an effective intervention strategy for suicidal behaviour. Conclusion: MBIs show promising effects as an intervention for suicidal behaviour. However, large scale, high-quality trials with active control, and long term intervention efficacy studies are needed to understand the mechanisms through which MBIs reduce suicidal behaviour.

Understanding the Current Research of Cross-Border E-Commerce

2021 ◽  
pp. 285-304
Author(s):  
Jian Mou ◽  
Yi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Influential Journal ◽  
Practical Implications

Companies face more challenges when their businesses enter into the global market, especially in an online environment. This situation is also true due to the different cultures, laws, regulations, habits, languages, technological levels, and even infrastructures for any firm that plans to utilize CBEC for gaining economic benefits. This study applies a systematic review method to present a literature review on the topic of CBEC. By reviewing 26 influential journal articles, this study provides details for the features, the methodologies, and the main themes and findings of selected articles. In the end, an integrated research framework on CBEC is proposed. This framework not only contains the major research focus of CBEC researches, but also includes the overall influential factors, the research gaps, and future research foci for CBEC. The last part of this chapter summarizes the theoretical contributions of the work, the practical implications, and the limitations of CBEC researches.

P85 QUANTIFICATION OF INTRAOPERATIVE FLUORESCENCE ANGIOGRAPHY TO ASSESS ANASTOMOTIC PERFUSION DURING GASTROINTESTINAL SURGERY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M D Slooter¹ ◽  
M Mansvelders¹ ◽  
P R Bloemen ◽  
S S Gisbertz¹ ◽  
W A Bemelman¹ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gastrointestinal Surgery ◽  
Fluorescent Imaging ◽  
Fluorescence Angiography ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Intraoperative Fluorescence

Abstract Aim In this systematic review we aimed to identify all quantitative fluorescent parameters of intraoperative fluorescence angiography (IFA) during gastrointestinal surgery to pave way for a threshold that could predict anastomotic leakage (AL). Background &Methods In the last decade quantification of IFA using indocyanine green is attempted to objectively evaluate anastomotic perfusion during gastrointestinal surgery. In this systematic review, we adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A literature search of PubMed and Embase was performed. Articles were included when IFA was performed to assess gastrointestinal perfusion in both animal and human and analysed the fluorescence signal using quantitative fluorescent parameters. A fluorescent parameter was defined as ‘quantitative’ when a diagnostic numeral threshold for AL could potentially be produced. Results Some 1317 articles were identified, of which 23 were included in this review. Eight applied IFA during upper and fifteen during lower gastrointestinal surgery. The quantitative fluorescent parameters were divided into four categories: (1) time to fluorescence (n=19), (2) contrast-to-background ratio (n=3), (3) pixel intensity (n=3), and (4) numeral classification score (n=2). The first category was subdivided into (a) time to fluorescent enhancement (n=7) and (b) fluorescent-time curves (n=12). Thirteen studies correlated the fluorescent parameters to the occurrence of AL. Cut-off values for AL were derived for time to fluorescent enhancement (speed in gastric conduit wall) and derivatives of the fluorescent-time curves (Fmax, T1/2, TR, and slope). Conclusion Of the four categories, time to fluorescent enhancement seems the most promising quantitative parameter for clinical usage, as development of a cut-off value is possible on a large scale in the near future and no software is required. Future research might want to focus on fluorescent-time curves, as many different parameters can be derived and the fluorescence intensity can be bypassed. However, consensus on study set-up, and calibration of the different fluorescent imaging systems and software programs is mandatory to allow future data aggregation.

Telepractice for Adult Speech-Language Pathology Services: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 326-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Weidner ◽  
Joneen Lowman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Primary Progressive Aphasia ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Delivery Model ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Screening Assessment

Purpose We conducted a systematic review of the literature regarding adult telepractice services (screening, assessment, and treatment) from approximately 2014 to 2019. Method Thirty-one relevant studies were identified from a literature search, assessed for quality, and reported. Results Included studies illustrated feasibility, efficacy, diagnostic accuracy, and noninferiority of various speech-language pathology services across adult populations, including chronic aphasia, Parkinson's disease, dysphagia, and primary progressive aphasia. Technical aspects of the equipment and software used to deliver services were discussed. Some general themes were noted as areas for future research. Conclusion Overall, results of the review continue to support the use of telepractice as an appropriate service delivery model in speech-language pathology for adults. Strong research designs, including experimental control, across multiple well-described settings are still needed to definitively determine effectiveness of telepractice services.

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