Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and the Internet of Things in Cross-Border E-Commerce

Today, the terms big data, artificial intelligence, and internet of things (IoT) are many-fold as these are linked with various applications, technologies, eco-systems, and services in the business domain. The recent industrial and technological revolution have become popular ever before, and the cross-border e-commerce activities are emerging very rapidly. As a result, it supports to the growth of economic globalization that has strategic importance for the advancement of e-commerce activities across the globe. In the business industry, the wide range applications of technologies like big data, artificial intelligence, and internet of things in cross-border e-commerce have grown exponential. This chapter systematically reviews the role of big data, artificial intelligence, and IoT in cross-border e-commerce and proposes a conceptually-designed smart-integrated cross-border e-commerce platform.

Marketing and Advertisement in Cross-Border E-Commerce

Recently, cross-border e-commerce has been growing rapidly among the developed and developing countries. Marketing managers design marketing and advertising strategies targeted to local and across the country. Companies need to develop separate marketing programs for different country and diverse cultural context. In this chapter, the authors discuss cross-border e-commerce, its development, the advertisement and marketing strategies, policies, and programs that are applicable to the arena of cross-border e-commerce. However, advances in communication technologies, transportation, and other technological advances have made the world a much smaller place. To survive in the competitive business environment today, companies need to make their products and services available online as well as offline. Major technological advances including the explosion of the internet have had a major impact on buyers and the marketers who serve them. To thrive in this new digital age—even to survive—marketers must rethink their strategies and adapt them to today's new environment.

Cross-Border E-Commerce Security Issues and Protections

E-commerce enables brands to reach their customers globally anytime they want to shop and provide convenience to the busy and demanding customer. These days, cross-border e-commerce is accelerating faster compared to domestic e-commerce. Cross-border e-commerce is considered to be a separate body which has its own budget and resource allocation. It focuses on new opportunities that help in gaining market share and sales. This can result in lower marketing costs in the long-term. India contributes 0.8% of a $600 billion global cross-border e-commerce market. Thus, this is an enormous target segment that exporters can focus to expand their international business. There are numerous advantages of cross-border e-commerce, which will be discussed in detail in this chapter. This chapter discusses the meaning of GDPR, the subjects of GDPR, and the effects of GDPR on individuals and organizations. This chapter also states the impact of GDPR on different fields and technologies. In addition, the major cross-border e-commerce security issues are analyzed, and optimal solutions are discussed.

Cross-Border E-Commerce Payments

The rapid expansion of the internet provides the world great achievements both in social and economic life. E-commerce has become one of the serenest ways of doing business and has a persuasive impact on the economy. It is the set of transactions that have been conducted through internet connections and computer networks. This chapter aims to look at the cross-border e-commerce payments. Specially, the chapter has focused on the trends in e-commerce payments, methods of online payments, effects of cross-border e-commerce, factors affecting cross-border e-commerce payments, friction of cross-border e-commerce system, drivers and impediments of cross-border e-commerce, growth of cross-border e-commerce in emerging markets. Moreover, this chapter shows how information has become the blood of e-commerce. It has extensive effects on the economy, society, and indeed national security.

Social Network and Social Commerce

A social network refers to a network of social interactions using various social media sites such as Facebook, WhatsApp, Twitter, Snapchat, Instagram, Pinterest, and LinkedIn. This chapter will first explain various concepts of social commerce involving the use of social networks and then elaborate on the key characteristics of social commerce and will highlight how it is different from e-commerce. A discussion is included on the concept of cross-border social commerce and its specific characteristics. Further, this chapter examines the trends in social commerce adoption by companies to promote international sales and the related benefits and challenges. It also presents a discussion on the use of social networks to understand and influence cross-cultural consumer behaviour in social commerce. Additionally, this chapter explores how social commerce can specifically benefit SMEs and born global firms to reach a larger audience in foreign countries and includes a discussion on cross-border social commerce strategy for business.

Supply Chain in Cross-Border E-Commerce

Cross-border e-commerce has emerged with significant attention in the field of international trade. Exports and imports are more integrated with the revolutionary e-commerce platforms where people can buy things from other countries at their fingertips. However, the supply chain behind the business transactions beyond the country's boundaries is more complicated than traditional businesses. The successful supply chain performance of e-commerce depends on many local and international aspects. Issues and challenges of the supply chain rapidly change due to the fast development of internet infrastructure. The chapter identifies some key issues like supply chain facility, inventory management, legal obstacles with today's supply chain performance of international e-commerce. Comprehensive solutions and recommendations are given here with focusing the integration of blockchain technology, which tells how the businesses can initiate the combination of both e-commerce and cryptography for effective intercountry supply chain performance.

Technologies for Cross-Border E-Commerce

Given deregulation and advances in technology worldwide, cross-border e-commerce is the next move for any business venture regardless of its size. From corner shops to giant multinational organizations, every business venture is now addressing the online demand of customers at home and abroad. Many developed and emerging countries have already been rallying for a transparent and sustainable online business environment to achieve the full potential of cross-border e-commerce. This chapter describes the technologies that enable cross-border e-commerce.

Managing Human Resources in E-Commerce

Human resources are the driving force and source of the core competitive advantage of any business. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss how human resource management (HRM) practices and human resource (HR) strategies are formulated and utilized in the context of e-commerce firms. When discussing e-commerce, relatively less attention is paid to HRM-related issues. However, analyzing, carefully, both the successful start-ups (i.e., Dollar Shave Club and Warby Parker) and e-commerce giants (i.e., Amazon and Alibaba) treat HRM as a critical success factor. Because business success depends on the careful integration of HRM strategies with business requirements and strategies. In this chapter, the different HRM practices and strategies adopted by different e-commerce firms will be discussed.

Digital Marketing

The current innovation of marketing embraces digital platforms. Digital marketing has become the successor to the economic development of many countries. This chapter intends to depict how to harness the power of digital marketing strategies as a driver of marketing activities. This chapter will navigate and provide an overview on search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing (SEM), web analytics, social media marketing platforms (Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, WeChat, Line, Twitter, Snapchat, etc.), e-mail marketing, mobile marketing, and display advertising and discuss the consequences of different digital marketing platforms. This chapter will navigate and thrive on how the fast-growing world of marketing develops strategy and content for communication.

Understanding the Current Research of Cross-Border E-Commerce

Companies face more challenges when their businesses enter into the global market, especially in an online environment. This situation is also true due to the different cultures, laws, regulations, habits, languages, technological levels, and even infrastructures for any firm that plans to utilize CBEC for gaining economic benefits. This study applies a systematic review method to present a literature review on the topic of CBEC. By reviewing 26 influential journal articles, this study provides details for the features, the methodologies, and the main themes and findings of selected articles. In the end, an integrated research framework on CBEC is proposed. This framework not only contains the major research focus of CBEC researches, but also includes the overall influential factors, the research gaps, and future research foci for CBEC. The last part of this chapter summarizes the theoretical contributions of the work, the practical implications, and the limitations of CBEC researches.