Reduced Organic Carbon Content during the Evolvement of Calcareous Soils in Karst Region

Understanding the changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is important for accurately predicting ecosystem C sequestration and/or potential C losses, but the relevant information, especially for the evolvement of calcareous soil is limited in karst regions. Three calcareous soils with different evolvement intensities were sampled from an evergreen broadleaved forest in the subtropical region of southwest of China to investigate the changes in different SOC fractions and microbial communities. The results showed that: (1) The contents of SOC, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), mineral protected organic carbon (MOC), and recalcitrant organic carbon (ROC) significantly decreased with increasing evolvement intensity of calcareous soil, but pH and the chemical composition of SOC, including Alkyl C, O-alkyl C, Aromatic C, and Carbonyl C, did not significantly change, suggesting that various SOC fractions synergistically decrease with the evolvement of calcareous soil. (2) The evolvement of calcareous soil had a substantial negative effect on total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA), bacteria (i.e., Gram positive bacteria and Gram negative bacteria), fungi, and actinomycetes, but did not affect the ratio of fungi to bacteria. This result supported the conclusion that various SOC fractions were synchronously loss with the evolvement of calcareous soil. (3) Results from the multivariate statistical analysis showed a significant correlation between SOC fractions (including SOC, DOC, MOC, and ROC) and soil base cations, mainly calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and aluminum (Al). This strengthens the fact that SOC stability largely depends on the complex relationship between organic matter and mineral composition in soil. Taken together, the reduction of SOC during the evolvement of soil in the karst areas accords with some mechanisms of previous studies (e.g., microbial composition and soil geochemistry), and also has its own unique characteristics (e.g., the relative contribution of carbons to chemical shift regions of CPMAS 13C-NMR spectra and F:B ratio).

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Soil organic carbon in northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco)

Spanish Journal of Soil Science ◽

10.3232/sjss.2015.v5.n1.04 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Author(s):

Elías Luis Calvo ◽

Francisco Casás Sabarís ◽

Juan Manuel Galiñanes Costa ◽

Natividad Matilla Mosquera ◽

Felipe Macías Vázquez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Forest Soils ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Moisture Regime ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Northern Spain ◽

Pais Vasco

The soil organic carbon content was analyzed in more than 7 000 soil samples under different land uses, climates and lithologies from northern Spain (Galicia, Asturias, Cantábria y País Vasco). GIS maps (1:50 000) were made of the % SOC and SOC stocks. The % SOC varies according to land use (higher in forest and scrub soils and lower in agricultural soils) and climate, and there is a highly significant correlation between SOC content and mean annual precipitation. There are significant differences between the soils of Galicia/Western Asturias (GAw) and those of the rest of the study area (Central and Eastern Asturias, Cantabria and País Vasco) (AceCV), although these are neighbouring regions. In forest and/or scrub soils with a udic soil moisture regime, in GAw, the SOC is usually > 7% and the average stocks 260 t ha -1 (0-30 cm), and >340 t ha-1 (0-50 cm) in soils with thick organic matter rich horizons (> 40 cm); these values greatly exceed the average contents observed in forest soils from temperate zones. Under similar conditions of vegetation and climate in soils of AceCV the SOC average is 3% and the mean stocks 90-100 t ha-1 (0-30 cm). The andic character of acid forest soils in GAw and the formation of C-Al,Fe complexes are pointed out as the SOC stabilization mechanism, in contrast to the neutral and calcareous soils that predominate in AceCV, where the main species of OC are easily biodegradable.

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Can a single dose of biochar affect selected soil physical and chemical characteristics?

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics ◽

10.2478/johh-2018-0034 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 421-428 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dušan Igaz ◽

Vladimír Šimanský ◽

Ján Horák ◽

Elena Kondrlová ◽

Jana Domanová ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Water Content ◽

Soil Water ◽

Soil Water Content ◽

Base Cations ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Exchange Capacity ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Soil Sorption ◽

Linear Relationships

Abstract During the last decade, biochar has captured the attention of agriculturalists worldwide due to its positive effect on the environment. To verify the biochar effects on organic carbon content, soil sorption, and soil physical properties under the mild climate of Central Europe, we established a field experiment. This was carried out on a silty loam Haplic Luvisol at the Malanta experimental site of the Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra with five treatments: Control (biochar 0 t ha−1, nitrogen 0 kg ha−1); B10 (biochar 10 t ha−1, nitrogen 0 kg ha−1); B20 (biochar 20 t ha−1, nitrogen 0 kg ha−1); B10+N (biochar 10 t ha−1, nitrogen 160 kg ha−1) and B20+N (biochar 20 t ha−1, nitrogen 160 kg ha−1). Applied biochar increased total and available soil water content in all fertilized treatments. Based on the results from the spring soil sampling (porosity and water retention curves), we found a statistically significant increase in the soil water content for all fertilized treatments. Furthermore, biochar (with or without N fertilization) significantly decreased hydrolytic acidity and increased total organic carbon. After biochar amendment, the soil sorption complex became fully saturated mainly by the basic cations. Statistically significant linear relationships were observed between the porosity and (A) sum of base cations, (B) cation exchange capacity, (C) base saturation.

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Physical and chemical protection of soil organic carbon in three agricultural soils with different contents of calcium carbonate

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr99102 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 38 (5) ◽

pp. 1005 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

A. Clough ◽

J. O. Skjemstad

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Organic Material ◽

Agricultural Soils ◽

Calcareous Soils ◽

High Energy ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Photo Oxidation ◽

Active Organic Carbon ◽

Physical And Chemical

The amount of organic carbon physically protected by entrapment within aggregates and through polyvalent cation–organic matter bridging was determined on non-calcareous and calcareous soils. The composition of organic carbon in whole soils and <53 m soil fractions was determined by 13C NMR analysis. High energy photo-oxidation was carried out on <53 m fractions and results from the NMR spectra showed 17–40% of organic carbon was in a condensed aromatic form, most likely charcoal (char). The concept that organic material remaining after photo-oxidation may be physically protected within aggregates was investigated by treating soils with a mild acid prior to photo-oxidation. More organic material was protected in the calcareous than the non-calcareous soils, regardless of whether the calcium occurred naturally or was an amendment. Acid treatment indicated that the presence of exchangeable calcium reduced losses of organic material upon photo-oxidation by about 7% due to calcium bridging. These results have implications for N fertiliser recommendations based upon organic carbon content. Firstly, calcium does not impact upon degradability of organic material to an extent likely to affect N fertiliser recommendations. Secondly, standard assessment techniques overestimate active organic carbon content in soils with high char content.

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Composted municipal waste effect on chosen properties of calcareous soil

International Agrophysics ◽

10.2478/v10247-012-0051-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 365-374 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. Hamidpour ◽

M. Afyuni ◽

E. Khadivi ◽

A. Zorpas ◽

V. Inglezakis

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Soil Ph ◽

Calcareous Soil ◽

Aggregate Stability ◽

Municipal Waste ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Compost Application

Abstract A 3-year field study was conducted to assess effects of composted municipal waste on some properties, distribution of Zn, Cu in a calcareous soil and uptake of these metals by wheat. The treatments were 0, 25, 50 and 100 Mg ha-1 of municipal solidwastewhichwas applied in three consecutive years. The application of composted municipal waste increased the saturated hydraulic conductivity, the aggregate stability,the organic carbon content and electrical conductivity, whereas it slightly decreased the soil pH and bulk density. A significant increase in the concentration of Zn and Cu were observed with increasing number and rate of compost application. The distribution of Zn and Cu between the different fractions in untreated and treated soils showed that the majority of Zn and Cu were in the residual form. Finally, the levels of Zn and Cu were higher in grains of wheat grown in composttreated plots compared to that grown in the control plots.

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Effect of ammonium input over the distribution of iron in the seawater and the phytoplankton in a mesocosm experiment in a North Patagonian fjord

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-11-13739-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 13739-13774 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

N. Sanchez ◽

M. V. Ardelan ◽

N. Bizsel ◽

J. L. Iriarte

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Particulate Organic Carbon ◽

Chlorophyll A ◽

Average Concentration ◽

Mesocosm Experiment ◽

Ammonium Concentration ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Increasing Trend ◽

Marine System

Abstract. The distribution and concentration of iron in seawater and plankton were studied under different ammonium concentrations along a 22 day mesocosm experiment in order to assess possible effects of aquaculture over the phytoplankton and the biogeochemistry in fjords of Chile. Brackish and marine water were used in two different setups, each one with 1 control and 4 different NH4+ concentrations. Total Chelex labile (TFeCh), dissolved Chelex labile (DFeCh) and DGT labile (FeDGT) iron measurements were performed in seawater, wheile the particulate iron content was determined as total (PFe) and fractionated (PFeSF) for the plankton community. Average concentration per treatment showed higher concentrations for both TFeCh and DFeCh in the marine system compared to the brackish. TFeCh showed general increasing trend in time and with increasing ammonium concentration, exhibiting positive correlation to the chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon content, whereas DFeCh presented an inverse pattern as expected. FeDGT showed an average lower concentration compare to DFeCh with final concentrations significantly lower in treatments with artificial ammonium addition. PFe showed an increasing trend in time and with increasing ammonium in both systems. Yet, when normalized to Chlorophyll a or particulate organic carbon the trend inverted, showing that at higher ammonium loading the iron per Chlorophyll a or particulate organic carbon decreases. PFeSF major changes occurred in the marine system in the ratio between the 20–140 μm and the 2–20 μm fractions, suggesting possible community structure shift. Overall, ammonium input indicated an effect over iron in the seawater and the particulate matter, depending on the iron form and the microbial assemblage. The further changes over the microbial composition due to ammonium addition may affect the cycling of iron, having possible negative or positive feedbacks over major biogeochemical cycles.

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Organic carbon content of Devonian shale sequence in drill cuttings from eighteen wells in western Pennsylvania

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr791665 ◽

1979 ◽

Author(s):

George Edwin Claypool ◽

Allan W. Stone

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Drill Cuttings ◽

Devonian Shale ◽

Western Pennsylvania

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COMPARISON OF ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT, ROOT DISTRIBUTION, AND SOIL HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES IN BOREAL AND TEMPERATE FORESTS WITH SIMILAR ANNUAL PRECIPITATION

10.1130/abs/2020am-358893 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Haley Talbot-Wendlandt ◽

◽

Samantha Volz ◽

Karen Prestegaard ◽

Zachary Gates ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Root Distribution ◽

Hydraulic Properties ◽

Temperate Forests ◽

Annual Precipitation ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Soil Hydraulic Properties ◽

Soil Hydraulic

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Nonionic organic solute sorption onto two organobentonites as a function of organic-carbon content

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science ◽

10.1016/s0021-9797(03)00617-9 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 266 (2) ◽

pp. 251-258 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Shannon L. Bartelt-Hunt ◽

Susan E. Burns ◽

James A. Smith

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Organic Carbon Content ◽

Organic Solute

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Organic mulching promotes soil organic carbon accumulation to deep soil layer in an urban plantation forest

Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1186/s40663-020-00278-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Xiaodan Sun ◽

Gang Wang ◽

Qingxu Ma ◽

Jiahui Liao ◽

Dong Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Soil Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Fine Roots ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Carbon Accumulation ◽

Bulk Soil ◽

Organic Mulch ◽

The Impact ◽

Soc Fractions

Abstract Background Soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for soil quality and fertility in forest ecosystems. Labile SOC fractions are sensitive to environmental changes, which reflect the impact of short-term internal and external management measures on the soil carbon pool. Organic mulching (OM) alters the soil environment and promotes plant growth. However, little is known about the responses of SOC fractions in rhizosphere or bulk soil to OM in urban forests and its correlation with carbon composition in plants. Methods A one-year field experiment with four treatments (OM at 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm thicknesses) was conducted in a 15-year-old Ligustrum lucidum plantation. Changes in the SOC fractions in the rhizosphere and bulk soil; the carbon content in the plant fine roots, leaves, and organic mulch; and several soil physicochemical properties were measured. The relationships between SOC fractions and the measured variables were analysed. Results The OM treatments had no significant effect on the SOC fractions, except for the dissolved organic carbon (DOC). OM promoted the movement of SOC to deeper soil because of the increased carbon content in fine roots of subsoil. There were significant correlations between DOC and microbial biomass carbon and SOC and easily oxidised organic carbon. The OM had a greater effect on organic carbon fractions in the bulk soil than in the rhizosphere. The thinnest (5 cm) mulching layers showed the most rapid carbon decomposition over time. The time after OM had the greatest effect on the SOC fractions, followed by soil layer. Conclusions The frequent addition of small amounts of organic mulch increased SOC accumulation in the present study. OM is a potential management model to enhance soil organic matter storage for maintaining urban forest productivity.

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