scholarly journals High Rainfall Inhibited Soil Respiration in an Asian Monsoon Forest in Taiwan

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Jui-Chu Yu ◽  
Po-Neng Chiang ◽  
Yen-Jen Lai ◽  
Ming-Jer Tsai ◽  
Ya-Nan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Asian Monsoon ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Monsoon Forest ◽  
Q10 Values

Soil respiration represents the second largest carbon flux, next to photosynthesis of the terrestrial biosphere, and thus plays a dual role in regional and global carbon cycles. However, soil respiration in Asian monsoon forests with high rainfall has rarely been studied. In this study, we continuously measured soil respiration using a 12-channel automated chamber system in a 61-year-old Japanese cedar forest in central Taiwan with annual rainfall greater than 2500 mm. A 4-year (2011–2014) continuous half-hourly dataset was used to quantify the influences of soil temperature and moisture, especially rainfall events, on both total soil respiration (Rs) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh). The annual mean Rs was approximately 10.8 t C ha−1 (ranging from 10.7 to 10.9) t C ha−1, with Rh contributing approximately 74.6% (ranging from 71.7% to 80.2%). Large seasonal variations in both Rs and Rh were primarily controlled by soil temperature. Over 45.8% of total annual rainfall amounts were provided by strong rainfall events (over 50 mm), and over 40% of rainfall events occurred during summers between 2012 and 2014. These strong rainfall events caused rainwater to enter soil pores and cover the soil surface, which resulted in limited soil microorganism activity and, consequently, restricted CO2 production. The mean Q10 values were 2.38 (ranging from 1.77 to 2.65) and 2.02 (ranging from 1.71 to 2.34) for Rs and Rh, respectively. The Q10 values in this study, which were lower than in global forest ecosystems, may imply that the interannual Rs values observed in this study that were caused by high rainfall were less temperature-dependent than the Rs levels in global forest ecosystems. Both Rs and Rh were negatively correlated with soil moisture, which indicated that the soil moisture levels in the studied forest were usually under saturated conditions. These results also provide the lack of data for respiration in the Asian monsoon region under high-rainfall conditions.

Ecological responses of Stipa steppe in Inner Mongolia to experimentally increased temperature and precipitation. 3. Soil respiration

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuexia Wang ◽  
Yali Chen ◽  
Yulong Yan ◽  
Zhiqiang Wan ◽  
Ran Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Respiration Rate ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Soil Respiration Rate ◽  
Natural Rainfall ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

The response of soil respiration to simulated climatic warming and increased precipitation was evaluated on the arid–semi-arid Stipa steppe of Inner Mongolia. Soil respiration rate had a single peak during the growing season, reaching a maximum in July under all treatments. Soil temperature, soil moisture and their interaction influenced the soil respiration rate. Relative to the control, warming alone reduced the soil respiration rate by 15.6 ± 7.0%, whereas increased precipitation alone increased the soil respiration rate by 52.6 ± 42.1%. The combination of warming and increased precipitation increased the soil respiration rate by 22.4 ± 11.2%. When temperature was increased, soil respiration rate was more sensitive to soil moisture than to soil temperature, although the reverse applied when precipitation was increased. Under the experimental precipitation (20% above natural rainfall) applied in the experiment, soil moisture was the primary factor limiting soil respiration, but soil temperature may become limiting under higher soil moisture levels.

scholarly journals Significance of soil respiration from biological activity in the degradation processes of different types of organic matter

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Co2 Efflux ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Total Soil

Soil respiration is a major component of global carbon cycle. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the environmental controls on soil respiration for evaluating potential response of ecosystems to climate change. In a temperate deciduous forest (located in Northern-Hungary) we added or removed aboveground and belowground litter to determine total soil respiration. We investigated the relationship between total soil CO2 efflux, soil moisture, and soil temperature. Soil CO2 efflux was measured at each plot using soda-lime method. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was monitored via measuring soil temperature on an hourly basis, while soil moisture was determined monthly. Soil respiration increased in control plots from the second year after implementing the treatment, but results showed fluctuations from one year to another. The effect of doubled litter was less significant than the effect of removal. Removed litter and root inputs caused substantial decrease in soil respiration. We found that temperature was more influential in the control of soil respiration than soil moisture. In plots with no litter Q10 varied in the largest interval. For treatment with doubled litter layer, temperature sensitivity of CO2 efflux did not change considerably. The effect of increasing soil temperature is more conspicuous to soil respiration in litter removal treatments since lack of litter causes greater irradiation. When exclusively leaf litter was considered, the effect of temperature on soil respiration was lower in treatments with added litter than with removed litter. Our results reveal that soil life is impacted by the absence of organic matter, rather than by an excess of organic matter. Results of CO2 emission from soils with different organic matter content can contribute to sustainable land use, considering the changed climatic factors caused by global climate change.

scholarly journals Impact of elevated precipitation, nitrogen deposition and warming on soil respiration in a temperate desert

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2007-2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yue ◽  
Xiaoqing Cui ◽  
Yanming Gong ◽  
Kaihui Li ◽  
Keith Goulding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
Climate Feedback ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Extreme Precipitation Events ◽  
Temperate Desert

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs) is the most important source of carbon dioxide emissions from soil to atmosphere. However, it is unclear what the interactive response of Rs would be to environmental changes such as elevated precipitation, nitrogen (N) deposition and warming, especially in unique temperate desert ecosystems. To investigate this an in situ field experiment was conducted in the Gurbantunggut Desert, northwest China, from September 2014 to October 2016. The results showed that precipitation and N deposition significantly increased Rs, but warming decreased Rs, except in extreme precipitation events, which was mainly through its impact on the variation of soil moisture at 5 cm depth. In addition, the interactive response of Rs to combinations of the factors was much less than that of any single-factor, and the main response was a positive effect, except for the response from the interaction of increased precipitation and high N deposition (60 kg N ha−1 yr−1). Although Rs was found to show a unimodal change pattern with the variation of soil moisture, soil temperature and soil NH4+-N content, and it was significantly positively correlated to soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pH, a structural equation model found that soil temperature was the most important controlling factor. Those results indicated that Rs was mainly interactively controlled by the soil multi-environmental factors and soil nutrients, and was very sensitive to elevated precipitation, N deposition and warming. However, the interactions of multiple factors largely reduced between-year variation of Rs more than any single-factor, suggesting that the carbon cycle in temperate deserts could be profoundly influenced by positive carbon–climate feedback.

scholarly journals Patterns of soil respiration and its temperature sensitivity in grassland ecosystems across China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (17) ◽  
pp. 5329-5341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiguang Feng ◽  
Jingsheng Wang ◽  
Yanjun Song ◽  
Biao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
Mean Annual Temperature ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Alpine Grasslands ◽  
Q10 Values ◽  
Grassland Types

Abstract. Soil respiration (Rs), a key process in the terrestrial carbon cycle, is very sensitive to climate change. In this study, we synthesized 54 measurements of annual Rs and 171 estimates of Q10 value (the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration) in grasslands across China. We quantitatively analyzed their spatial patterns and controlling factors in five grassland types, including temperate typical steppe, temperate meadow steppe, temperate desert steppe, alpine grassland, and warm, tropical grassland. Results showed that the mean (±SE) annual Rs was 582.0±57.9 g C m−2 yr−1 across Chinese grasslands. Annual Rs significantly differed among grassland types, and was positively correlated with mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, soil temperature, soil moisture, soil organic carbon content, and aboveground biomass, but negatively correlated with soil pH (p<0.05). Among these factors, mean annual precipitation was the primary factor controlling the variation of annual Rs among grassland types. Based on the overall data across Chinese grasslands, the Q10 values ranged from 1.03 to 8.13, with a mean (±SE) of 2.60±0.08. Moreover, the Q10 values varied largely within and among grassland types and soil temperature measurement depths. Among grassland types, the highest Q10 derived by soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm occurred in alpine grasslands. In addition, the seasonal variation of soil respiration in Chinese grasslands generally cannot be explained well by soil temperature using the van't Hoff equation. Overall, our findings suggest that the combined factors of soil temperature and moisture would better predict soil respiration in arid and semi-arid regions, highlight the importance of precipitation in controlling soil respiration in grasslands, and imply that alpine grasslands in China might release more carbon dioxide to the atmosphere under climate warming.

scholarly journals Measurements of soil respiration and simple models dependent on moisture and temperature for an Amazonian southwest tropical forest

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 6147-6177 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. B. Zanchi ◽  
H. R. da Rocha ◽  
H. C. de Freitas ◽  
B. Kruijt ◽  
M. J. Waterloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Hourly Data ◽  
Fresh Litter ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Abstract. Soil respiration plays a significant role in the carbon cycle of Amazonian tropical forests, although in situ measurements have only been poorly reported and the dependence of soil moisture and soil temperature also weakly understood. This work investigates the temporal variability of soil respiration using field measurements, which also included soil moisture, soil temperature and litterfall, from April 2003 to January 2004, in a southwest Brazilian tropical rainforest near Ji-Paraná, Rondônia. The experimental design deployed five automatic (static, semi-opened) soil chambers connected to an infra-red CO2 gas analyzer. The mean half-hourly soil respiration showed a large scattering from 0.6 to 18.9 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1 and the average was 8.0±3.4 μmol CO2 m−2 s−1. Soil respiration varied seasonally, being lower in the dry season and higher in the wet season, which generally responded positively to the variation of soil moisture and temperature year round. The peak was reached in the dry-to-wet season transition (September), this coincided with increasing sunlight, evapotranspiration and ecosystem productivity. Litterfall processes contributed to meet very favorable conditions for biomass decomposition in early wet season, especially the fresh litter on the forest floor accumulated during the dry season. We attempted to fit three models with the data: the exponential Q10 model, the Reichstein model, and the log-soil moisture model. The models do not contradict the scattering of observations, but poorly explain the variance of the half-hourly data, which is improved when the lag-time days averaging is longer. The observations suggested an optimum range of soil moisture, between 0.115

scholarly journals Does soil moisture overrule temperature dependency of soil respiration in Mediterranean riparian forests?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 7991-8022 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.-T. Chang ◽  
S. Sabaté ◽  
D. Sperlich ◽  
S. Poblador ◽  
F. Sabater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Co2 Flux ◽  
Control Factor ◽  
Primary Control ◽  
Heterotrophic Soil Respiration

Abstract. Soil respiration (SR) is a major component of ecosystem's carbon cycle and represents the second largest CO2 flux of the terrestrial biosphere. Soil temperature is considered to be the primary control on SR whereas soil moisture as the secondary control factor. However, soil moisture can become the dominant control on SR in very wet or dry conditions. Determining the trigger that switches-on soil moisture as the primary control factor of SR will provide a deeper understanding on how SR changes under projected future increased droughts. Specific objectives of this study were (1) to investigate the seasonal variations and the relationship between SR and both soil temperature and moisture in a Mediterranean riparian forest along a groundwater level gradient; (2) to determine soil moisture thresholds at which SR is rather controlled by soil moisture than by temperature; (3) to compare SR responses under different tree species present in a Mediterranean riparian forest (Alnus, glutinosa, Populus nigra and Fraxinus excelsior). Results showed that the heterotrophic soil respiration rate, groundwater level and 30 cm integral soil moisture (SM30) decreased significantly from riverside to uphill and showed a pronounced seasonality. SR rates showed significant differences among tree species, with higher SR for P. nigra and lower SR for A. glutinosa. The lower threshold of soil moisture was 20 and 17% for heterotrophic and total SR respectively. Daily mean SR rate was positively correlated with soil temperature when soil moisture exceeded the threshold, with Q10 values ranging from 1.19 to 2.14; nevertheless, SR became decoupled from soil temperature when soil moisture dropped below these thresholds.

scholarly journals Variations in Soil Respiration at Different Soil Depths and Its Influencing Factors in Forest Ecosystems in the Mountainous Area of North China

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Xinxiao Yu ◽  
Guodong Jia ◽  
Wei Qin ◽  
Zhijie Shan
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
North China ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Root Cutting

An in-depth understanding of the dominant factors controlling soil respiration is important to accurately estimate carbon cycling in forest ecosystems. However, information on variations in soil respiration at different soil depths and the influencing factors in forest is limited. This study examined the variations in soil respiration at two soil depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) as well as the effects of soil temperature, soil water content, litter removal, and root cutting on soil respiration in three typical forest types (i.e., Pinus tabulaeformis Carrière, Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco, and Quercus variabilis Bl.) in the mountainous area of north China from March 2013 to October 2014. The obtained results show that soil respiration exhibited strong seasonal variation and decreased with soil depth. Soil respiration was exponentially correlated to soil temperature, and soil respiration increased with soil water content until reaching threshold values (19.97% for P. tabulaeformis, 16.65% for P. orientalis, and 16.90% for Q. variabilis), followed by a decrease. Furthermore, interactions of soil temperature and water content significantly affected soil respiration at different soil depths of forest types, accounting for 68.9% to 82.6% of the seasonal variation in soil respiration. In addition to soil temperature and water content, aboveground litter and plant roots affected soil respiration differently. In the three forest types, soil respiration at two soil depths decreased by 22.97% to 29.76% after litter removal, and by 44.84% to 53.76% after root cutting. The differences in soil respiration reduction between the two soil depths are largely attributed to variations in substrate availability (e.g., soil organic content) and soil carbon input (e.g., litter and fine root biomass). The obtained findings indicate that soil respiration varies at different soil depths, and suggest that in addition to soil temperature and water content, soil carbon input and dissolved organic substances may exert a strong effect on forest soil respiration.

Harvesting and slash piling affects soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture regimes in Newfoundland boreal forests

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Moroni ◽  
P. Q. Carter ◽  
D. A.J. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Abies Balsamea ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Balsam Fir ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
A Minor

The effect of harvesting and slash piling on soil respiration, temperature and moisture was examined in a balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and a black spruce (Picea marinara) forest located in western Newfoundland, Canada, 2 mo to 2.5 yr following harvesting. Within 4 mo of harvesting, soil temperature, moisture, and soil respiration rates were affected by harvesting and slash piling. Clearcut areas without slash (CC-S) had significantly lower soil respiration rates than uncut forests (F). However, clearcut areas with slash cover (CC+S) had significantly higher soil respiration rates than CC-S. When harvested areas with and without slash were combined, harvesting decreased soil respiration in the black spruce forest but had no effect on soil respiration in the balsam fir forest. Harvesting increased soil temperatures at 10 cm, however CC+S temperatures were cooler than CC-S temperatures. Harvested areas tended to dry faster than F, although soil moisture levels at >3.5 cm were not significantly depleted. However, there was evidence of soil drying at <3.5 cm. Soil temperature (at 10 cm) at the time of measurement was most strongly correlated to rates of soil respiration. Temporal variability and treatment effects (harvesting and slash piling) played a minor role in explaining soil respiration rates when variations in soil respiration were adjusted for 10-cm soil temperature,. Soil moisture levels (3.5-9.5 cm depth), which did not vary widely, also played a minor role in explaining soil respiration rates.Key words: Clearcut, Abies balsamea, Picea marinara, carbon dioxide, greenhouse gas

Seasonal variations in soil respiration and temperature sensitivity under three land-use types in hilly areas of the Sichuan Basin

Soil Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 727 ◽  
Author(s):  
XiaoGuo Wang ◽  
Bo Zhu ◽  
MeiRong Gao ◽  
YanQiang Wang ◽  
XunHua Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Co2 Efflux ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Q10 Value ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Relationship

CO2 emissions from soils were measured under 3 land-use types at the adjacent plots of forest plantation, grassland, and cropland from January 2005 to December 2006. Mean soil CO2 efflux rates measured during the 2-year study varied from 59 to 527 mg CO2/m2.h in forest plantation, 37 to 498 mg CO2/m2.h in grassland, and 32 to 397 mg CO2/m2.h in cropland. Soil respiration in the 3 types of land-use showed a similar seasonal pattern in variation during both years, in which the single-peaked curve occurred in early summer and the minimum in winter. In particular, the date of maximum soil CO2 efflux rate in cropland occurred about 30 days earlier than in forest and grassland in both 2005 and 2006. The relationship of soil respiration rate (R) with soil temperature (T ) and soil moisture (W ) fitted well to the equation R = β0eβ1TW β2 (a, b, c were constants) than other univariate models which consider soil water content or soil temperature alone. Soil temperature and soil moisture together explained 69–92% of the temporal variation in soil respiration in the 3 land-use types. Temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (Q10) was affected positively by soil moisture of top 0.1 m layer and negatively by soil temperature at 0.05 m depth. The relationship between Q10 values and soil temperature (T ) or soil moisture (W ) indicated that a 1°C increase in soil temperature at 0.05 m depth will reduce the Q10 value by 0.07, 0.05, and 0.06 in forest, grassland, and cropland, respectively. Similarly, a 1% decrease in soil moisture of the top 0.1 m layer will reduce the Q10 value by 0.10, 0.09, and 0.11 in forest, grassland, and cropland.

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