scholarly journals The Possibility of Regenerating a Pine Stand through Natural Regeneration

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Paweł Przybylski ◽  
Monika Konatowska ◽  
Szymon Jastrzębowski ◽  
Anna Tereba ◽  
Vasyl Mohytych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pine Stands

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a widespread species in Eurasia, but its natural range can be significantly altered by a variety of stressors. The ability of pine to regenerate naturally is significantly reduced by its occurrence in unsuitable habitats. The processes of natural selection of pine from select habitats can be followed in stands of national parks where forestry activities are excluded. The possibility of pine regeneration is influenced by the following factors: characteristics of produced seeds, competition, and genetic characteristics. In the present study, selected factors associated with limiting the natural regeneration potential of pine were analysed. The present work generated important information related to the natural regeneration potential of pine in Central and Eastern Europe. The main objective of the analyses was to discuss the possibility of the natural regeneration of pine stands without human intervention. In addition, the genetic diversity of naturally germinating seedlings was analysed. The obtained results confirmed the high reproductive potential of pine despite the advanced age of the studied trees. The obtained seeds produced by old growth Scots pine trees had high viability, while a significant difference was observed in terms of the average number of cones per dominant tree between studied stands. Thus, the number of cones was the main element determining the regeneration potential of the stands. It should be emphasised that the number of cones did not influence the occurrence of natural regeneration. Based on the obtained results, the regeneration potential of pine stands depends mainly on the habitat and the competitive pressure. In addition, a correlation between genetic parameters and the regeneration potential of stands should be established, which may be the beginning of further research on the process discussed in this publication.

Typology of the natural regeneration in a middle-aged Scots pine forest

1988 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. De Schepper
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Free Field ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Structural Basis ◽  
Pedunculate Oak ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Forest Practice ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

The  study describes the natural regeneration state of a forest on coarse sandy  soils. The natural regeneration was studied in three different ecological  conditions: in 30 to 60 year old Scots pine stands, in a 62 year old mixed  stand of pedunculate oak and red oak, and on the free field.     The analysis of the regeneration groups revealed that the first settler  maintained a dominant social position during the following years after the  settlement. The structural basis is consequently laid out early. This means  that the forest practice has to consider the very first phase of the  regeneration as determining for the following evolution of the regeneration  groups.

scholarly journals Föhrenverjüngung: Plastizität und Akklimatisation in einem trockeneren Klima

2018 ◽  
Vol 169 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
Barbara Moser ◽  
Christoph Bachofen ◽  
Thomas Wohlgemuth
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Rhone Valley

Pine regeneration: plasticity and acclimation in a dryer climate Increasing summer drought might limit the natural regeneration of Scots pine stands at low elevations of the Rhone valley. Common garden experiments at the forest-steppe ecotone have shown that emergence and establishment of Scots pine primarily depend on spring precipitation and, to a minor degree, on summer drought and rising temperatures. Scots pine seedlings acclimated rapidly to drought periods by favouring root to shoot growth. In the second year, the saplings were already adapted to drought so that most of them survived an extended spring and summer drought, as recorded at Sion twelve times during the last 154 years. Only an extreme summer drought – no water from June to September – killed 14.7% of the Scots pine saplings. Surprisingly, they were even able to acclimate to such extreme drought events: after the same extreme summer drought in the third year, mortality dropped below 5%. In general, the Scots pine was very plastic, i.e. seedlings and saplings changed their phenotype depending on environmental conditions. But we also found genetic adaptation: Scots pine originating from regions with pronounced summer drought, including populations from lower elevations in the Rhone valley, produced more biomass than those from moister regions in all treatment combinations. Black pine reacted similarly to the treatments like Scots pine, but it grew faster and more saplings survived the first extreme summer drought. These results show that Scots pine from low elevations of the Rhone valley is one of the most drought-tolerant provenances in Europe. Thanks to its high phenotypic plasticity and the ability of seedlings and saplings to acclimate to drought on a short time scale, natural regeneration of Scot pine at low elevations of the Rhone valley is likely to occur also under future conditions, but maybe less frequent than today.

scholarly journals Effect of soil scarification on natural regeneration of mature scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) stands in Greece

2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 732-742 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ground Vegetation ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

<div> <p>The natural regeneration of Scots pine stands at the Sarakatsana location in the Pieria Mountains improved considerably after the removal of the dense ground vegetation followed mechanical soil scarification. The experimental design consisted of replications on scarified and non-scarified soil. The results four years after the experiment was set up showed that regeneration reached 59 seedlings m-2 in scarified and 7 seedlings m-2 in non-scarified soil. Soil scarification seems to have had a positive effect on the emergence and survival of naturally regenerated Scots pine. The negligible number of dead seedlings in the first two measurements could be due to the favourable site and/or good climatic conditions. Although the mother stand appears to be in a critical condition due to age and increased necrosis as a result of fungal attacks, there is still considerable potential for regeneration in terms of fructification and seed production. The study findings indicate that there can be new growth of Scots pine forest with the shelterwood method of natural regeneration in combination with soil scarification.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Natural regeneration potential and growth of degraded Shorea robusta Gaert n.f. forest in Terai region of Nepal

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Malla ◽  
B. K. Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Control Site ◽  
T Test ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Cultural Importance ◽  
Significant Difference

Sal (Shorea robusta ) has ecological, economical and socio-cultural importance. It is a dominant species in the Terai and Chure region of Nepal. Natural regeneration is the only relevant regeneration method for Sal in Nepal. This study intended to assess natural regeneration potential of Sal in ploughed and unploughed (control) sites. The study was carried out in Chetaradei of Kapilvastu district in an area of 4.79 ha. Two treatments (control and ground work i.e. ploughed) were applied to assess regeneration potential of Sal. The radius of the sample plots was 2 m, which were laid out systematically and the data were recorded from these plots in three consecutive years. Regeneration density was found higher in control site than ploughed site. T-test for regeneration density in three consecutive measurements showed that there was no significant difference between ploughed and unploughed conditions. The species composition was dominated by Sal in both ploughed and unploughed sites. Species diversity (Shannon Weiner) index was found higher in ploughed site than unploughed site in three consecutive measurements. Moreover, T-test showed that mean height of Sal was not significant in both ploughed and unploughed sites except in the first measurement. This study shows that protection from grazing and fire is essential for natural regeneration of Sal. However, ground work helps to increase tree species diversity but it is not necessary in degraded Sal forest.Banko JanakariA Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 28, No. 1, 2018, page: 3-10

Evolution of biodiversity in homogeneous Scots pine stands by an ecologically diversified management

1995 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Lust ◽  
B. Muys
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Noticeable Increase ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

This  study evaluates three important parameters of biodiversity in first  generation Scots pine forests on sandy soils: herbal layer, natural  regeneration and stand structure. The research was undertaken in the Belgian  Campine Region, where the original oak-birch forest had been destroyed in the  course of time and finally been replaced by monocultures of Scots pine. These  pine forests are characterised by a low biodiversity. In maturing stands of  this type, however, a spontaneous increase of biodiversity is noticed.     Herbal species diversity is very limited in all age classes. Spontaneous  establishment of Scots pine seedlings is presently a widespread phenomenon in  aging stands. Different regeneration patterns are found. Mainly due to the  lengthening of the rotation in combination with the ingrowth of several  hardwood species, the homogeneous Scots pine stands are gradually and  spontaneously transformed into heterogeneous mixed stands, featuring a  noticeable increase of biodiversity.     Nevertheless, selected human interventions may further increase  biodiversity. The fundamental management principles are discussed: avoidance  of big disturbances, lengthening of the rotation period, use of native tree  species, utilization of natural regeneration, protection of small valuable  biotopes and permanent monitoring.

Time-restricted seed regeneration of Scots pine in sites dominated by feather moss after clear-cutting

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 945-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Charlotte Nilsson ◽  
Ingeborg Steijlen ◽  
Olle Zackrisson
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Bottom Layer ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Seed Supply ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Seed Regeneration ◽  
Scots Pine Forest ◽  
Positive Effect

Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) were selectively seeded in 1990, 1991, 1992, and 1994 in bottom layer vegetation of Pleuroziumschreberi (Bird.) Mitt, in a clearcut created in 1989 and in an adjacent undisturbed Scots pine forest of Vaccinium type, in northern Sweden. Seedlings from the 1990 seeding established considerably better on the clearcut than in the forest. In contrast, seeding done in 1991, 1992, and 1994 gave no significant difference in seedling establishment between the two sites. Seedlings that established in the clearcut in 1990 grew significantly larger and had a higher content of macro- and micro-nutrients than those in the forest. For seedlings that established in 1992, biomass and nutrient content of seedlings in the clearcut did not differ from those in the forest. Seedlings established in the clearcut in 1990 increased their nutrient content in relation to seed supply, while seedlings established in the clearcut in 1992 and those in the forest had in general gained less or even lost nutrients (especially P) in relation to seed reserve. These results indicate that Pleuroziumschreberi-dominated microsites can constitute a favourable microhabitat for pine regeneration following stand disturbance, although the positive effect quickly diminishes with time after disturbance. The higher establishment and growth of emerging seedlings the 1st year after cutting compared with later established cohorts in the clearcut may be caused by changes in nutrient availability. We propose that environmental stress after cutting temporarily diminishes the effect of the nutrient barrier formed by Pleuroziumschreberi, ericoid mycorrhiza, and ericaceous dwarfshrubs. We conclude that successful natural pine regeneration in Pleuroziumschreberi-dominnted vegetation induced by clear-cutting can be severely time restricted. This is an important consideration when dealing with forestry methods that depend on natural regeneration.

scholarly journals Natural regeneration in the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve (Wielkopolska Region)

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-75
Author(s):  
Paweł Horodecki ◽  
Katarzyna Wiczyńska ◽  
Andrzej M. Jagodziński
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Species Structure ◽  
Canopy Layer ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Abstract The ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve (23.65 ha) was established in 1998 to protect one of the best-retained areas of natural oak-hornbeam forest (Galio-Carpinetum) in the center of the Wielkopolska Region. Apart from oak-hornbeam forest, the ash-elm riparian forest (Querco-Ulmetum) and alder riparian forest (Fraxino-Alnetum) are found in the reserve. These plant communities, both natural and degenerated as a consequence of previous forest management, have created the convenient conditions for assessment the phytocoenoses’ regeneration potential. The aim of this study was to assess the age and species structure of woody species natural regeneration of the whole area of the nature reserve. To achieve that target, during August and September 2012, 142 sample plots were established with the total area 3550 m2 on which tree and shrub composition and densities were calculated. Woody species regeneration created various diverse communities among individual sub-units, however oak-hornbeam forest species were predominant in the whole regeneration layer. The character of a ‘natural’ forest was retained on a part of the stands. Moreover, regeneration in degenerated parts of the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve stands is changing according to potential vegetation. Whereas, the establishment of gaps in the Scots pine stands using artificial regeneration was not worthwhile. The natural regeneration structure under the canopy layer of Scots pine stands unambiguously supports the claim that phytocoenoses can regenerate on their own. In spite of the oak regeneration being infrequent, all stands within the ‘Czmoń’ nature reserve retain substantial rejuvenation potential

Season and intensity of whole-tree harvesting influence regeneration in the oak–pine type

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. McMinn ◽  
Wade L. Nutter
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Whole Tree

Oak–pine stands in the Upper Piedmont of Georgia were whole-tree harvested to 10-cm and 2.5-cm lower dbh limits in both the dormant and early growing seasons. Pine natural regeneration and hardwood coppice were observed through five growing seasons. Dormant-season harvesting resulted in pine stocking of over 90% and 60% for the 2.5-cm and 10-cm limit, respectively. Growing-season harvesting resulted in initial pine stocking of less than 15%. Initial coppice coverage was greatest after dormant-season harvesting, but due to pine competition was approximately equal to the growing-season harvest coverage after 5 years. Residual stems with total basal areas less than 7 m2/ha after 10-cm limit cutting suppressed growth of both the pine regeneration and the hardwood coppice. Results demonstrate that modifications in harvesting alone can substantially influence subsequent species composition and stand development.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of natural and artificial regeneration in Nowa Dęba Forest District

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
Justyna Długosiewicz ◽  
Stanisław Zając ◽  
Emilia Wysocka-Fijorek ◽  
Małgorzata Sułkowska
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Site Conditions ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Abstract New challenges related to the multifunctional role of forests in consideration of both natural environment and economy come into view sequentially. In current forestry practice, an important element is not only the quality of forest cultivations (silvicultural aspect) but also the costs incurred for their production and tending (economic aspect). The main purpose of this article is to show the prospect of increasing positive silvicultural effects depending on the method used in management of Scots pine stands under given site conditions. The comparative analysis was carried out using the study results obtained in the Forest District Nowa Dęba and those presented in other relevant studies. In the present study, we examined whether the site conditions have significant effects on silvicultural and economic effectiveness of regeneration and development of Scots pine stands or those predominated by Scots pine in the initial stages of stand growth. Significance of the regeneration method effects on growth characteristics of Scots pine regeneration as well as the costs of forest cultivation management was analysed. The study on silvicultural and economic effectiveness was carried out in the Forest District Nowa Dęba. The results obtained showed that using Scots pine natural regeneration under the conditions of fresh coniferous forest site and fresh mixed coniferous forest site was the way of management based on reason. This was supported by both the values of regeneration growth parameters and silvicultural quality along with clearly lower expenditures incurred to achieve these effects. In wet mixed coniferous site, Scots pine seedlings regenerated naturally; however, the results indicated their lower silvicultural quality and growth parameter values when compared to those artificially regenerated. In fresh mixed broadleaved forest site, equally for silvicultural and economic reasons, the more optimal option was to regenerate forest using traditional planting material as natural Scots pine regeneration showed lower silvicultural effects. The unit costs of regeneration and maintenance of stands with self-sown Scots pine in fresh mixed broadleaved forest site were higher when compared with other examined forest sites. On the basis of the results of the present study, it can be concluded that regardless of the regeneration method examined, the most differentiating factor of the final economic effect of Scots pine stand establishment and maintenance was the cost of regeneration operation. The expenditure for this purpose consumed the largest part of expenses incurred in artificial regeneration variant. The higher cost of corrections in artificially planted forest cultivations in poorer forest sites was one of the reasons behind the profitable final balance of naturally regenerating Scots pine stands. Differences between other costs analysed were not significant. The results of the present study may contribute to comprehensive assessments of natural and artificial ways of forest regeneration and indicate forest production costs that are the most closely related to site conditions.

scholarly journals Current state and productivity of age-old experimental plantations of prof. V.D. Ogievsky in the northeastern part of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
M. Zhezhkun ◽  
L.V. Demianenko
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Pine Plantations ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Natural Origin ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pine Stands

Abstract This research is aimed at determining the health condition and productivity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands created during 1906–1908 on the initiative of Prof. V. D. Ogievsky. The scheme of silvicultural experiments included: determining the influence of different widths and directions of clear felling on the natural regeneration, testing of pine plantations of pure and mixed composition and the choice of methods for their creation. In terms of health condition, 103–105-year-old artificial pine stands are weakened and their health condition is slightly worse compared to the aged pines of natural origin. The productivity of age-old linden-pine plantations is higher than of pure pine plantations, and the stock of stem wood in plantations created by seed sowing and marketability is higher compared to the plantations created by planting seedlings.

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