scholarly journals Macronutrient Stocks in Scots Pine Stands of Different Densities

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Węgiel ◽  
Ernest Bielinis ◽  
Krzysztof Polowy
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Nutrient Balances ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Whole Tree

A positive nutrient balance is crucial to sustaining forest productivity. Differences in stand densities usually mean different aboveground biomass stocks and different proportions of tree compartments. These differences can be reflected in the different macronutrient stocks between stands of different densities, because various tree compartments have different element concentrations. In this study, 82-year-old stands of Scots pine were compared, and specifically, the concentrations of the elements in tree compartments and the amounts of macronutrients in aboveground biomass were compared. The nutrients considered in this study were nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. A positive correlation between stand density and the level of stored macronutrients was found for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This result means that forest managers can influence nutrient balances by regulating stand densities or by harvesting methods (SOH: stem-only harvesting or WTH: whole-tree harvesting).

scholarly journals BALANÇO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO EM MELOEIRO “PELE-DE-SAPO”

Irriga ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Januário da Silva Júnior ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
Fábio Henrique Tavares de Oliveira ◽  
Indalécio Dutra
Keyword(s):  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Management Efficiency ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

BALANÇO DA FERTIRRIGAÇÃO EM MELOEIRO “PELE-DE-SAPO”  Manoel Januário da Silva Júnior1; José Francismar de Medeiros2; Fábio Henrique Tavares de Oliveira3; Indalécio Dutra21Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, [email protected] de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró 3Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, CCA, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Areia, PB,  1 RESUMO O melão produzido no estado do Rio Grande do Norte é cultivado sob irrigação, sendo uma das culturas em que mais se pratica a fertirrigação. A fertirrigação tem se mostrado como a técnica mais adequada para parcelar a dose dos nutrientes em várias aplicações durante o ciclo da cultura. Entretanto, ainda não se conhece a eficiência dessa técnica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o balanço dos nutrientes no sistema solo-planta, aplicados através da fertirrigação identificando os períodos críticos para o manejo da fertirrigação. Os tratamentos foram: doses de nitrogênio (83, 119 e 156 kgN ha-1) e doses de potássio (190, 271 e 352 kg K2O ha-1) aplicadas via fertirrigação e o experimento foi montado em blocos aleatorizados com três repetições. Coletou-se solo e planta aos 22, 33, 43, 54 e 69 dias após a semeadura e determinaram-se os teores de N, P e K na planta e no solo. O aumento da dose de nitrogênio provocou aumento das perdas desse nutriente e, quando se aumentou a dose de potássio houve acúmulo no solo. As maiores perdas de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio ocorreram no período de maior exigência nutricional da cultura. UNITERMOS: Cucumis melo L., manejo da fertirrigação, índices de eficiência  SILVA JÚNIOR, M. J. da; MEDEIROS, J. F. de; OLIVEIRA, F. H. T. de; DUTRA, I. BALANCE OF FERTIGATION IN “PELE-DE-SAPO” MELON PLANTS  2 ABSTRACT Melon production in Rio Grandedo Norte state (Brazil) is grown under irrigation and it is one of the crops where fertigation is more used. The importance of fertigation technique is attributed to nutrient dose fractioning into several applications during crop cycle. Therefore, the efficiency of this technique is not known yet. This study aimed to evaluate nutrient balance applied through fertigation in a soil-plant system to identify critical periods for fertigation management. The treatments consisted of nitrogen doses (83, 119, and 156 kgN ha-1) and potassium doses (190, 271, and 352 kg K2O ha-1) applied via fertigation and the experimental design was randomized blocks with three replications. Soil and plants were sampled at 22, 33, 43, 54 and 69 days after seeding to determine plant and soil contents of N, P and K. The increase in nitrogen dose raised soil nitrogen losses, but the increase in potassium dose caused accumulation in the soil. Higher losses of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium occurred in the crop higher nutritional demand stage. KEYWORDS: Cucumis melo L., fertigation management, efficiency indices

scholarly journals Pig slurry characteristics, nutrient balance and biogas production as affected by separation and acidification

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. SOMMER ◽  
M. HJORTH ◽  
J. J. LEAHY ◽  
K. ZHU ◽  
W. CHRISTEL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Heavy Metal Accumulation ◽  
Field Application ◽  
Fertilizer Efficiency ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Wheat Field ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Npk Fertilization

SUMMARYAnimal slurry is separated in order to avoid excessive nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilization of crops in the field. To enhance fertilizer efficiency further, slurry and its separation products may be acidified, for instance in animal houses. The current study quantified the effects of these treatments, both individually and in combination, on fertilizer efficiency, energy production and heavy metal accumulation as a result of manure management. Acidification increased the availability of N to plants in the manure applied, and provided a better match between plant-available NPK in the manure and separation fraction applied to fields and crop need. Total biogas production was not affected by separation, whereas acidification reduced biogas production because the process was inhibited by a low pH and a high sulphur concentration. The amount of copper applied per hectare in the liquid manure to the wheat field was lower than the amount taken up and more zink and copper was applied in the solid fraction to maize field than taken up. The transportation and field application of solids and liquids did not increase management costs when compared to the transportation of slurry alone, but the investment and running costs of separators and manure acidification increased overall management costs.

Nutrient and biomass removals from a red spruce – balsam fir whole-tree harvest

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Smith Jr. ◽  
M. L. McCormack Jr. ◽  
J. W. Hornbeck ◽  
C. W. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Whole Tree

A mechanized whole-tree harvest was conducted on a watershed in central Maine dominated by Picearubens Sarg. and Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill. The harvest removal and redistribution of biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were estimated and evaluated with respect to estimates of site nutrient reserves. Regression equations were developed to estimate the nutrient contents and ovendry weight of the aboveground components of the Picearubens and Abiesbalsamea. Unit area estimates of nutrient and biomass removals were based on the application of the regression equations to a tally of all trees on twelve 0.04-ha square plots. Unit area estimates were made of exchangeable and total nutrients contained in the forest floor and glacial till above a hardpan. The harvest removed 90% of the biomass, 91 % of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, and 90% of the magnesium in the above-stump portions of the forest. These removals were from two to four times the amount of nutrients that would have been removed by a bole-only harvest, while increasing biomass removals by 1.4 times. The nutrients removed by the harvest were between 0.1 and 5% of the total soil reserves. Nutrient removals are evaluated in the context of three commonly used evaluation approaches: static comparisons of nutrient pools, nutrient input–output budgets, and computer simulation.

scholarly journals Soil and Leaf Nutritional Studies and Status of Healthy and Declined Mandarin Orchards

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Prashant Joshi ◽  
Dhiraj Kadam ◽  
Mayur Gawande ◽  
Vishal Maval
Keyword(s):  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Sulphur Content ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Surface Soils ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Exchangeable Calcium ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nutritional Studies ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The present investigation was carried out to determine soil and leaf nutritional status of some typical healthy and declined mandarin orchards of Amravati District (M.S) during 2016-19.Total twenty five representative surface and depth wise soil and leaf samples from healthy and declined mandarin orchards were collected and analyzed various nutrients in plant as well as leaf samples. The data analysis showed that total nitrogen content in healthy and declined mandarin orchards from surface soils varied from 0.045 to 0.093 % and 0.015 to 0.37% respectively. The available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of healthy orchards surface soils varied from 200.0 to 265.7 kg ha-1 , 22.0 to 35.3 kg ha-1 , 320.0 to 665.0 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 130.4 to 203.5 kg ha-1 , 17.8 to 21.3 kg ha-1 , 360.0 to 744.4 kg ha-1 respectively. The exchangeable calcium and magnesium together constitute more than 80% of exchange complex. The exchangeable calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 26.34 to 30.22 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 11.71 to 16.92 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.27 to 0.90 kg ha-1 and in declined orchards it varied from 29.00 to 31.98 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 12.07 to 13.71 cmol (p+ ) kg ha-1 , 0.36 to 0.69 kg ha-1 respectively. Micronutrients status of orange orchards showed that available copper, zinc, iron and manganese in healthy orchards surface soils varied from 2.20 to 5.60 ppm, 0.50 to 0.79 ppm, 4.50 to 6.29 ppm, 12.61 to 18.11 ppm and in declined orchards it varied from 1.90 to 2.48 ppm, 0.35 to 0.46 ppm, 3.40 to 5.00 ppm, 8.10 to 12.24 ppm respectively. Findings revealed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, zinc and manganese content found more supporting in healthy orchards than declined ones. Depth wise distribution showed that total nitrogen, available nitrogen, phosphorus and copper showed decreasing trend with the soil depth. The leaf nutrient content in the plant showed that nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in leaf of healthy orchards varied from 2.35 to 2.55%, 0.14 to 0.17%, 0.82 to 1.00% and in declined orchards it varied from 1.75 to 2.00%, 0.10 to 0.13%, and 0.84 to 1.70% respectively. Calcium, magnesium and sulphur content in healthy orchards varied from 3.00 to 3.90%, 0.60 to 0.74%, 0.21 to 0.19% and in declined orchards it ranged from 2.40 to 3.15%, 0.33 to 0.74%, and 0.19 to 0.23% respectively. Results pertaining to micronutrient showed that iron; manganese, copper and zinc in healthy orchards varied from 105.6 to 140.6 ppm, 21.72 to 34.62 ppm, 29.40 to 35.96 ppm, 30.45 to 39.18 ppm, and in declined orchards it varied from 70.66 to 100.00 ppm, 20.38 to 27.67 ppm, 21.72 to 26.05 ppm, and 17.24 to 25.00 ppm respectively. Results showed that a healthy orchard has significantly higher content of nutrient than declined orchards except potassium content

scholarly journals Effet Du Fumier Sur Le Bilan Des Éléments Nutritifs Des Champs Dans Le Terroir De La Néma Au Saloum (Sénégal)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (27) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Ismaïla Coly ◽  
Babacar Diop ◽  
Arfang Ousmane Kémo Goudiaby
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

In the land of Nema, fields show low agricultural potential due to high human and climatic pressure. To increase their agricultural production, the populations have opted either for the use of chemical fertilizer or for the supply of manure through the Agriculture-Livestock integration. This paper focuses on evaluating the effect of on-farm use of manure on groundnut pod and groundnut production, and nutrient balance at the field level. 20 square plots of 2m each were used per field on the monitored farms. The hay and pod samples were taken therein, weighed, and dried in an oven at 60° C to a constant weight. This work was carried out for both fertilized fields and unfertilized fields (controls). In these same farms, samples of manure produced were collected and analyzed. The production of peanut and groundnut pods in the fertilized fields and in the control fields shows an overall positive effect of the manure on the yields in the land of the Néma. Taking into account the figures of the average deficits, the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium balance is deficient in ground-level groundnut peanut fields. This is due to the low manure doses per hectare and its low nutrient content.

scholarly journals The relation of the concentration of macronutrients in the substrate and in the foliage to cell wall thickness and cellulose concentration in the xylem of slash pine (Pinus elliotti)

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (0) ◽  
pp. 295-333
Author(s):  
E. Malavolta ◽  
J.R. Sarruge ◽  
H.P. Haag ◽  
R. Vencovsky ◽  
C.F.O. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Cellulose Concentration

Sand culture experiments, using a sub-irrigation technique, were installed in order to find out the effects of the macronutrients N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S on growth, aspect, mineral composition, length of fibers, thickness of cell wall and cellulose concentration in slash pine. The aim was to obtain, under controlled conditions, basic information which could eventually lead to practical means designed to increase the rate of growth and to make of slash pine a richer source of cellulose. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Nitrogen was supplied initially at the levels of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; phosphorus was given at the rates of 5, 10 and 20 ppm; potassium was supplied at the rates of 25, 50 and 100 ppm; six months after the experiment was started the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Others macro and all micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates. Fifteen hours of illumination per day were provided. The experimental technique for growing the slash pine seedlings proved quite satisfactory. Symptoms of deficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were observed, described and recorded in photographs and water colors. These informations will help to identify abnormalities which may appear under field conditions. Chemical analysis of the several plant parts, on the other hand, give a valuable means to assess the nutritional status of slash pine, thus confirming when needed, the visual diagnosis. The correctness of manurial pratices, on the other hand, can be judged with the help of the analytical data tabulated. Under the experimental conditions nitrogen caused the highest increases on growth, as measured by increments in height and dry weights, whereas the effects of phosphorus and potassium were less marked. Cellulose concentration was not significantly affected by the treatments used. Higher levels of N seemed to decrease both length of fiber elements and the thickness of cell wall. The effects of P and K were not well defined. Calcium, Magnesium, Sulfur Experiment A 3 x 3 x 3 factorial design with two replicates was used. Calcium was supplied initially at the levels of 12.5, 25 and 50 ppm; magnesium and sulfur were given at the rates of 6, 12.5 and 25 ppm. Other macro and micronutrients were supplied at uniform rates, common to all treatments. Three months after starting the experiment the first level for each element was dropped to zero. Symptoms of deficiency of calcium, magnesium and sulfur were observed, described and recorded as in the case of the previous experiment. Chemical analysis were made, both for mineral content and cellulose concentration. Length of fibers and thickness of cell wall were measured. Both calcium and magnesium increase height, sulfur failing to give significant response. Dry weight was beneficially affected by calcium and sulfur. The levels of calcium, magnesium and sulfur in the needles associated with deficiency and maximum growth are comparable with those found in the literature. Cellulose concentration increased when the level of sulfur in the substrate was raised. The thickness of cell wall was negatively affected by the treatments; no effect was observed with regards to length of fibers.

scholarly journals Aboveground Carbon Content and Storage in Mature Scots Pine Stands of Different Densities

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Węgiel ◽  
Krzysztof Polowy
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Content ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Carbon Accumulation ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Background and Objectives: The continuous increase in the amount of atmospheric CO2 is a factor that significantly contributes to global warming. Forests can be used to mitigate climate change by absorbing carbon and storing it. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is the most abundant tree species in Polish forests and can substantially aid carbon accumulation. The aim of the study was to determine the carbon content in the dry mass of various parts of Scots pine trees and to evaluate the relationship between the accumulation of carbon in aboveground tree biomass and some stand parameters. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out in 20 even-aged (81–90 years old) Scots pine stands in northwestern Poland (Drawno Forest District). The densities of these stands ranged from 476 to 836 trees per hectare. The aboveground biomass was calculated as the sum of the following tree compartments: stem (wood and bark), dead branches, thick branches, thin branches and needles. The carbon content and storage in these compartments was determined. Results: The mean carbon content was lowest in stem wood (47.0%) and highest in needles (50.3%). No correlation between the stand density and the level of carbon stored in the aboveground biomass of Scots pines was found.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document