Nutrient and biomass removals from a red spruce – balsam fir whole-tree harvest

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Smith Jr. ◽  
M. L. McCormack Jr. ◽  
J. W. Hornbeck ◽  
C. W. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Evaluation Approaches ◽  
Nutrient Reserves ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Whole Tree

A mechanized whole-tree harvest was conducted on a watershed in central Maine dominated by Picearubens Sarg. and Abiesbalsamea (L.) Mill. The harvest removal and redistribution of biomass, nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, and potassium were estimated and evaluated with respect to estimates of site nutrient reserves. Regression equations were developed to estimate the nutrient contents and ovendry weight of the aboveground components of the Picearubens and Abiesbalsamea. Unit area estimates of nutrient and biomass removals were based on the application of the regression equations to a tally of all trees on twelve 0.04-ha square plots. Unit area estimates were made of exchangeable and total nutrients contained in the forest floor and glacial till above a hardpan. The harvest removed 90% of the biomass, 91 % of the nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium, and 90% of the magnesium in the above-stump portions of the forest. These removals were from two to four times the amount of nutrients that would have been removed by a bole-only harvest, while increasing biomass removals by 1.4 times. The nutrients removed by the harvest were between 0.1 and 5% of the total soil reserves. Nutrient removals are evaluated in the context of three commonly used evaluation approaches: static comparisons of nutrient pools, nutrient input–output budgets, and computer simulation.

scholarly journals Effect of black point disease on quality of wheat grain

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
PK Malaker ◽  
IH Mian ◽  
KA Bhuiyan ◽  
MMA Reza ◽  
MA Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Black Point ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of different levels of black point infection caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and other fungal pathogens on some quality characters of wheat grain. Wheat grains were graded on a 0-5 scale based on levels of black point infection. Quality characters of grain viz., protein, fat, dry matter, ash and mineral contents under different grades were determined following standard methods. The dry matter and ash contents of grain decreased while the contents of protein and fat increased with the increasing severity of black point infection. The observations on macro and micro nutrient contents of grain indicated that the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sulphur, and boron increased, whereas the contents of potassium, iron, zinc, copper and sodium decreased with the increase of black point infection. However, the reductions in copper content of black point affected grains under different grades of infection were not significant as compared to apparently healthy grains. Key Words: Black point; Bipolaris sorokiniana; grain quality; wheat. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i2.5789Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(2) : 181-187, June 2009

scholarly journals Macronutrient Stocks in Scots Pine Stands of Different Densities

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Węgiel ◽  
Ernest Bielinis ◽  
Krzysztof Polowy
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Nutrient Balances ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Whole Tree Harvesting ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Whole Tree

A positive nutrient balance is crucial to sustaining forest productivity. Differences in stand densities usually mean different aboveground biomass stocks and different proportions of tree compartments. These differences can be reflected in the different macronutrient stocks between stands of different densities, because various tree compartments have different element concentrations. In this study, 82-year-old stands of Scots pine were compared, and specifically, the concentrations of the elements in tree compartments and the amounts of macronutrients in aboveground biomass were compared. The nutrients considered in this study were nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. A positive correlation between stand density and the level of stored macronutrients was found for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. This result means that forest managers can influence nutrient balances by regulating stand densities or by harvesting methods (SOH: stem-only harvesting or WTH: whole-tree harvesting).

scholarly journals Spatial variability of leaf nutrient contents in a drip irrigated citrus orchard

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-489
Author(s):  
Robson A. Armindo ◽  
Rubens D. Coelho ◽  
Marconi B. Teixeira ◽  
Paulo J. Ribeiro Junior
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Citrus Orchard ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Minimum Distances ◽  
Macro And Micronutrients ◽  
Iron Manganese ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

This study aimed to evaluate the spatial variability of leaf content of macro and micronutrients. The citrus plants orchard with 5 years of age, planted at regular intervals of 8 x 7 m, was managed under drip irrigation. Leaf samples were collected from each plant to be analyzed in the laboratory. Data were analyzed using the software R, version 2.5.1 Copyright (C) 2007, along with geostatistics package GeoR. All contents of macro and micronutrients studied were adjusted to normal distribution and showed spatial dependence.The best-fit models, based on the likelihood, for the macro and micronutrients were the spherical and matern. It is suggest for the macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur the minimum distances between samples of 37; 58; 29; 63; 46 and 15 m respectively, while for the micronutrients boron, copper, iron, manganese and zinc, the distances suggests are 29; 9; 113; 35 and 14 m, respectively.

A comparison of zulu sorghum, bulrush millet and white panicum in terms of yield, forage quality and milk production

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
TH Stobbs
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Tropical Pastures ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Large Bulk ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Yield and nutritive value of three summer annual forages, hybrid forage sorghum (Sorghum spp. hybrid cv. Zulu), bulrush millet (Pennisetum typhoides cv. Tamworth) and white panicum millet (Echinochloa crusgalli var. edulis) were determined in three experiments. Uninterrupted growth was measured every 2 weeks between 4 and 12 weeks after sowing, and leaf, stem and inflorescence components analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium and dry matter digestibility by an in vitro technique. The value of 10-week-old herbage, from crops grown with 50 kg ha-1 N, was determined by grazing with 18 Jersey cows and by feeding chopped material to 12 cows indoors. White panicum was the lowest yielding forage (up to 6,360 kg ha-1 at 10 weeks) but contained the highest concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in both leaf and stem fractions at all stages of growth. After 10 weeks growth this feed contained a high proportion of seed and was eaten in arger quantities than zulu sorghum or bulrush millet. Cows grazing white panicum produced the highestr lmilk yields (6.5 and 7.1 kg cow-1 day-1 indoors and grazed) and milk from these cows contained a highe solids-not-fat and protein content than milk from cows fed bulrush millet or sorghum. Zulu sorghum was highest yielding (1 1,240 kg ha-1 at 12 weeks in experiment 1 and 81 50 kg ha-1 at 10 weeks in experiment 2). With advancing maturity stem content increased (>80 per cent from 8 weeks onwards) and the nitrogen content of both leaf and stem fractions rapidly declined to sub-optimum levels. Milk production of cows feeding on zulu sorghum was low, averaging 4.7 and 6.0 kg cow-1 day-1 for indoor and grazing experiments. Bulrush millet produced high forage yields with a higher leaf content than zulu sorghum and milk yields were higher. Butterfat content of milk from cows feeding on bulrush millet was lower than when cows were fed the other forages. It was concluded that these three forages are capable of providing a large bulk of feed but their feeding value at a semi-mature stage of growth is similar to perennial tropical pastures.

scholarly journals Long-Term Ecosystem Nutrient Pool Status for Aspen Forest Harvest Simulations on Glacial Till and Sandy Outwash Soils

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1556
Author(s):  
Robert P. Richard ◽  
Evan S. Kane ◽  
Dustin R. Bronson ◽  
Randall K. Kolka
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Retention ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Glacial Till ◽  
Soil Survey ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Pools ◽  
Nutrient Pool ◽  
Rotation Length ◽  
National Cooperative

Sandy outwash and glacial till soils compose large amounts of public forestland due to historically poor agricultural yields. The outwash soils have low fertility, poor nutrient retention and are restricted from whole-tree harvesting (WTH) in some states, whereas the glacial till has medium nutrient retention and fertility, and is unrestricted from WTH. To assess the long-term sustainability of harvesting, a nutrient budget was constructed from field measurements, the National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) database, and literature values for stem-only harvesting (SOH) and WTH at a 45-year rotation length and 11 rotations were simulated. The budgets showed that SOH and WTH recovery years, or the time necessary for the inputs to match outputs through leaching and one harvest, exceeded common rotation lengths for both soil types under all weathering scenarios, and the average WTH reduced the total available rotations by one harvest. The large variation in soil nutrient pools and harvest removals complicated the ability to identify the difference between SOH and WTH early in the model, but differences became apparent with sequential harvests. The recovery years were 2–20 times the 45-year rotation length under all weathering rates. Taken together, models in this study bridge the gap between short- and long-term studies and bring into question the sustainability of WTH and SOH practices on nutrient-poor soils.

Growing season changes in the concentration and distribution of macroelements in Willamette red raspberry plant parts

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Kowalenko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Fertilizer Recommendations ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Key Words Nitrogen

Nitrogen, P, K, Ca, Mg and Na concentrations and accumulations in Willamette red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plant parts were measured in a field study to identify a potential plant-analysis-based method for evaluating site-specific fertilizer requirements. Dry matter and macroelements accumulated steadily in new canes over the season, increased early to a stable amount in floricane laterals and ripe berries, increased and then decreased in leaves and remained stable in stems. Macroelement accumulation patterns were generally similar to dry matter accumulations. The amounts of N and K that accumulated in ripe berries were similar and about eight times greater than P, Ca and Mg. Macroelement concentrations of floricane stems, laterals and berries were more stable than in leaves, making them potentially more suitable than leaves for developing tissue analysis for fertilizer recommendations. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, Rubus idaeus

BLOAT INVESTIGATIONS: II. A COMPARISON OF THE TRUE PROTEIN AND ELEMENT CONTENTS OF ALFALFA HAY FROM BLOATING AND NON-BLOATING FARMS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Miltimore ◽  
J. M. McArthur ◽  
J. L. Mason ◽  
R. B. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Alfalfa Hay ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Similar Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Alfalfa samples at the hay stage of development were harvested by hand from 35 farms where bloat was a serious problem and from 38 farms where bloat did not occur even on lush legume pastures. The samples were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, and true protein. There were no differences in the mean contents of these constituents between bloating and non-bloating farms. There were wide ranges within both types of farm; true protein for example varied from 7.3 to 14.6% in alfalfa from bloating farms, with a similar range from 7.7 to 16.9% from non-bloating farms. Correlation coefficients revealed a significant association between nitrogen and phosphorus (.488) in alfalfa from non-bloating farms. There were significant associations between sulphur and nitrogen (.366) and between sulphur and protein (.707) in alfalfa from bloating farms. This correlation between sulphur and protein was the only coefficient that was significantly different from the corresponding correlation coefficient for non-bloating farms.

The mineral content of cereals, grain legumes and oilseed crops in South Australia

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (93) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
JE Schultz ◽  
RJ French
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Samples of barley, oats, lupins, peas, rape, linseed and safflower were analysed at five growth stages for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulphur, calcium, magnesium, sodium, chlorine, silicon, copper, zinc and manganese. The results are summarized and compared with those for wheat published in a previous paper. The data are discussed in relation to nutrient removal and the effect on soil fertility.

Nutrient problems in sown pasture on an acid soil. I. Survey of the problems and suggested corrective treatments

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (104) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
KD McLachlan
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Copper Deficiency ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
First Report ◽  
Forest Production ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

A systematic study was made of nutrient problems associated with regression in the productivity of sown pasture on an acid soil on the Southern Tableland, NSW. Soil deficiencies of calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, potassium, molybdenum, boron and possibly zinc, were demonstrated, and the first report of copper deficiency on a highland soil is recorded. A pH effect was also involved. The remedial fertilizer treatments developed, increased pasture productivity to a level approaching average yields for Southern Tableland soils. The findings are also relevant to horticultural and forest production in the area, and could be useful in regeneration of native species on these soils in National Parks.

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