scholarly journals Mathematical Analysis and Update of ADM1 Model for Biomethane Production by Anaerobic Digestion

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertacchi ◽  
Mika Ruusunen ◽  
Aki Sorsa ◽  
Anu Sirviö ◽  
Paola Branduardi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Microbial Consortia ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Informatics Tools

Biomethane is a renewable product that can directly substitute its fossil counterpart, although its synthesis from residual biomasses has some hurdles. Because of the complex nature of both biomasses and the microbial consortia involved, innovative approaches such as mathematical modeling can be deployed to support possible improvements. The goal of this study is two-fold, as we aimed to modify a part of the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1), describing biomethane production from activated sludge, matching with its actual microbial nature, and to use the model for identifying relevant parameters to improve biomethane production. Firstly, thermodynamic analysis was performed, highlighting the direct route from glucose to biomethane as the most favorable. Then, by using MATLAB® and Simulink Toolbox, we discovered that the model fails to predict the microbiological behavior of the system. The structure of the ADM1 model was then modified by adding substrate consumption yields in equations describing microbial growth, to better reflect the consortium behavior. The updated model was tested by modifying several parameters: the coefficient of decomposition was identified to increase biomethane production. Approaching mathematical models from a microbiological point of view can lead to further improvement of the models themselves. Furthermore, this work represents additional evidence of the importance of informatics tools, such as bioprocess simulations to foster biomethane role in bioeconomy.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study of the Effect of Bioavailable Fe and Co on the Anaerobic Digestion of Rice Straw

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Mancini ◽  
Stefano Papirio ◽  
Piet Lens ◽  
Giovanni Esposito
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Rice Straw ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Preliminary Study

Rice straw is an abundant and sustainable substrate for anaerobic digestion (AD), but it is often deficient in essential trace elements (TEs) for proper microbial growth and metabolism. A lack of TEs leads to AD imbalances and suboptimal biogas yields. However, the total TE concentration is not a sufficient indicator of the amount of TEs available to the microorganisms. Therefore, this study investigated the degree of bioavailability of iron (Fe) and cobalt (Co) during the AD of rice straw, and correlated it to the biomethane yields and volatile fatty acids (VFAs) produced. When the two TEs were dosed at 205 µg Fe/g TS and 18 µg Co/g TS of rice straw, the biomethane production was approximately 260 mL CH4/g VS, i.e., similar to that obtained when Fe and Co were not added. Despite an increased bioavailable fraction of 23 and 48% for Fe and Co, respectively, after TEs addition, the AD performance was not enhanced. Moreover, VFAs did not exceed 250 mg HAc/L both in the presence and absence of added TEs, confirming no enhancement of the methanogenesis step. Therefore, the bioavailability of Fe and Co was not a limiting factor for the biomethane production at low total VFAs concentration.

scholarly journals A Review of the State of the Art of Biomethane Production: Recent Advancements and Integration of Renewable Energies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 4895
Author(s):  
Francesco Calise ◽  
Francesco Liberato Cappiello ◽  
Luca Cimmino ◽  
Massimo Dentice d’Accadia ◽  
Maria Vicidomini
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Funding Policies ◽  
Biomethane Production ◽  
Organic Waste Treatment ◽  
Photovoltaic Plants ◽  
And Control

Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is a well-established process that is becoming increasingly popular, especially as a technology for organic waste treatment; the process produces biogas, which can be upgraded to biomethane, which can be used in the transport sector or injected into the natural gas grid. Considering the sensitivity of Anaerobic Digestion to several process parameters, mathematical modeling and numerical simulations can be useful to improve both design and control of the process. Therefore, several different modeling approaches were presented in the literature, aiming at providing suitable tools for the design and simulation of these systems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the recent advancements in the biomethane production from different points of view. Special attention is paid to the integration of this technology with additional renewable energy sources, such as solar, geothermal and wind, aimed at achieving a fully renewable biomethane production. In this case, auxiliary heat may be provided by solar thermal or geothermal energy, while wind or photovoltaic plants can provide auxiliary electricity. Recent advancements in plants design, biomethane production and mathematical modeling are shown in the paper, and the main challenges that these fields must face with are discussed. Considering the increasing interest of industries, public policy makers and researchers in this field, the efficiency and profitability such hybrid renewable solutions for biomethane production are expected to significantly improve in the next future, provided that suitable subsidies and funding policies are implemented to support their development.

On the displacements of the contours of the optic-electronic space images. Mathematical modeling of displacement

2017 ◽  
Vol 992 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Voronin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Space Images ◽  
Electronic Imaging ◽  
Measuring Accuracy ◽  
Physical Laws

The article opens a cycle of three consecutive publications dedicated to the phenomenon of the displacement of the same points in overlapping scans obtained adjacent CCD matrices with opto-electronic imagery. This phenomenon was noticed by other authors, but the proposed explanation for the origin of displacements and the resulting estimates are insufficient, and developed their solutions seem controversial from the point of view of recovery of the measuring accuracy of opticalelectronic space images, determined by the physical laws of their formation. In the first article the mathematical modeling of the expected displacements based on the design features of a scanning opto-electronic imaging equipment. It is shown that actual bias cannot be forecast, because they include additional terms, which may be gross, systematic and random values. The proposed algorithm for computing the most probable values of the additional displacement and ways to address some of the systematic components of these displacements in a mathematical model of optical-electronic remote sensing.

Microbial consortia adaptation to substrate changes in anaerobic digestion

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Priyanka S. Dargode ◽  
Pooja P. More ◽  
Suhas S. Gore ◽  
Bhupal R. Asodekar ◽  
Manju B. Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Microbial Consortia

On the Development of Mathematical Analysis and its Relations to Some other Sciences

1905 ◽  
Vol 3 (52) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rapid Review

One of the objects of a Congress such as this is to exhibit the connecting links of the different departments of Science, taking that term in its widest acceptation. Hence the organisers of this meeting have taken care that the relations between the different sections shall be exhibited in broad relief. In undertaking a sketch of this kind, which must necessarily be somewhat indefinite in character, we must forget that all is in all; as far as algebra and analysis are concerned, the follower of Pythagoras would be disconcerted by the extent of his task, remembering the celebrated formula of the School: “Things are numbers.” From this point of view my subject would be in-exhaustible. But I shall make no such pretensions, and for the best of reasons. By passing in rapid review the development of our science throughout the ages, and particularly in the last century, I hope to be able to give an adequate indication of the part played by mathematical analysis in its relations to other sciences.

scholarly journals Problems Of Improving The Effectiveness Of Applied Sociological Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Farogat Bakhtiyorovna Fayzieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Analysis ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Applied Sociology ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Social Effectiveness ◽  
Practical Point ◽  
The Social

The article analyzes the problems of improving the effectiveness of applied sociological research. The scientific method that helps to ensure objectivity and consistency in the study of a social problem is considered. The directions, forms and prospects for the development and improvement of the effectiveness of applied sociology from a practical point of view are given.Intelligence research is the simplest type of applied sociological analysis. It solves problems that are very limited in their content, covers, as a rule, small study populations, and is based on a simplified program and concise methodological tools, which in applied sociology is understood as a package of documents specially developed for each study designed to collect primary sociological information, such as: an interview form, a mass or expert questionnaire, a card for recording the results of observation, studying documents; further: sampling projects, mathematical analysis of primary information, etc.A methodology for evaluating the social effectiveness of applied sociological research applied to any written results of scientific activity is proposed.

scholarly journals The Oil and Gas ROFR: Understanding Current ROFR Issues from the Point of View of the Transactional Lawyer, the Litigator, and In-House Counsel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald G. MacDiarmid ◽  
Sean J. Korney ◽  
Melanie Teetaert ◽  
Julie J.M. Taylor ◽  
Robert Martz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
The Law ◽  
To Come ◽  
Corporate Lawyers

Rights of first refusal and other preferential or pre-emptive rights (together, ROFRs, and individually a ROFR) routinely find their way into oil and gas industry agreements. Disputes often arise because of the complex nature and significant economic consequences of ROFRs. In recent years, a number of reported cases, either relating directly to ROFRs or more generally relating to contractual interpretation, have clarified (or at times muddied) the waters surrounding the use, application, and interpretation of ROFRs. However, most ROFR disputes never result in a reported decision because the parties typically negotiate solutions long before trial.The authors consider current trends involving ROFRs in oil and gas agreements, and how they believe the law and legal practice surrounding ROFRs might continue to evolve in the years to come. The authors do not attempt to rehash the fundamentals of the law surrounding ROFRs; instead, they focus on how the courts have dealt with ROFRs in recent cases as well as how corporate lawyers and in-house counsel grapple with ROFRs day-today. The authors utilize the ROFR provisions found in industry standard contracts to analyze outstanding areas of uncertainty as well as what lawyers should contemplate prior to including a ROFR in an agreement. Additionally, the article examines the implications of recent rulings on the duty of good faith that may affect ROFRs. Finally, the article considers selected subjects of topical interest, including ROFRs in the context of busted butterfly transactions, insolvency proceedings, and package deals.

scholarly journals From Energy Security to the Security of Energy Services: Shortcomings of Traditional Supply-Oriented Approaches and the Contribution of a Socio-Technical and User-Oriented Perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Yael Parag
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Discussion Paper ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Low Carbon Energy

Traditional literature and policy approach to energy security focus on the security of energy supply. It is argued here that a supply-centric approach to energy security is too narrow to account for the complex nature of energy systems and tends to overlook energy users, their expectations from, interaction with and roles in future low carbon energy systems. From users’ point of view, be they households, businesses or governments, the supply of kWh or oil barrels is often meaningless. What matters is not the source of energy, but rather the services provided by it. Therefore, securing energy services seems to be the public and the government’s concern, and the security of supply is only one mean to achieving it. Stemming from science, technology and society studies, this discussion paper suggests that applying a multi-level socio-technical and user-oriented perspectives which focus on the energy services and considers also psychological, social and cultural aspects of energy consumption, could reveal new and overlooked actors, roles, means and strategies that may provide and contribute to energy services security.Keywords: energy security, energy services, socio-technical systems

scholarly journals Metode dan Pendekatan dalam Studi Islam: Pembacaan atas Pemikiran Charles J. Adams

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Luluk Fikri Zuhriyah
Keyword(s):  
Single Point ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
The West ◽  
History Of ◽  
Interesting Object ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Oriental Studies

<p>Islam has been an interesting object of study for both Muslims and non-Muslims over a long period of time. A number of methods and approaches have also been introduced. In due time, Islam is now no longer understood solely as a doctrine or a set of belief system. Nor is it interpreted merely as an historical process. Islam is a social system comprising of a complex web of human experience. Islam does not only consist of formal codes that individuals should look at and obey. It also contains some cultural, political and economic values. Islam is a civilization. Given the complex nature of Islam it is no longer possible to deal with it from a single point of view. An inter-disciplinary perspective is required.</p><p>In the West, social and humanities sciences have long been introduced in the study of religion; studies that put a stronger emphasis on what we currently know as the history of religion, psychology of religion, sociology of religion and so on. This kind of approach in turn, is also applied in the Western studies of the Eastern religions and communities.</p><p>Islam as a religion is also dealt with in this way in the West. It is treated as part of the oriental culture to the extent that—as Muhammad Abdul Raouf has correctly argued—Islamic studies became identical to the oriental studies. By all means, the West preceded the Muslims in studying Islam from modern perspectives; perspective that puts more emphasis on social, cultural, behavioral, political and economic aspects. Among the Western scholars that approach Islam from this angle is Charles Joseph Adams whose thought this research is interested to explore.</p>

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